Article
Chemistry, Applied
S. Piazzi, S. S. Ail, V Benedetti, F. Patuzzi, M. Baratieri
Summary: The study showed that Fischer Tropsch catalysts synthesized via combustion synthesis method have higher CO conversion rates and larger fraction of active sites, especially under lean fuel conditions. The catalysts also exhibited increased C5+ selectivity and liquid fuel space time yield, indicating the effectiveness of the combustion synthesis approach in controlling catalyst properties and performance.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Djati Wibowo Djamari, Muhammad Idris, Permana Andi Paristiawan, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas, Olusegun David Samuel, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Safarudin Gazali Herawan, Davannendran Chandran, Abdulfatah Abdu Yusuf, Hitesh Panchal, Ibham Veza
Summary: Research and development in the internal combustion engine have been growing, and diesel engines have advantages in efficiency, power output, and reliability. Although observing diesel spray is complex due to its high-speed, high-pressure, and high-temperature conditions, some mechanisms have been explained and suggestions have been made. This paper comprehensively reviews the current status of theoretical diesel spray and modeling.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Ahmed M. Elgarahy, Ahmed Hammad, Dina M. El-Sherif, Mohamed Abouzid, Mohamed S. Gaballah, Khalid Z. Elwakeel
Summary: The utilization of petroleum-based fuels has led to depletion of resources and global warming, prompting the exploration of new renewable energy sources. Waste biomass is seen as a promising, clean, and viable solution for future energy and fuels. From an economic perspective, thermochemical conversion methods of biomass are considered flexible and efficient.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongfang Wang, Zhongjie Shi, Ziming Yang, Haiyan Chen, Yikai Li
Summary: The combustion of wall-impinging diesel spray, which is influenced by limited in-cylinder space, is a common phenomenon in small and medium-sized diesel engines under cold-start conditions. Through quantitative analysis of mixture formation, ignition, and combustion characteristics, it was found that the diesel spray is guided by the piston surface and limited in-cylinder space, resulting in high-temperature ignition in the region between the two spray paths. During cold-start, high-temperature ignition occurs in the region between the two spray paths at different injection timings. The flame propagates from the higher equivalence ratio region near the piston surface to the lower equivalence ratio region in the center of the combustion chamber. Early injection timing leads to a leaner mixture and a longer transition period from low-temperature to high-temperature reactions, limiting the ability to control high-temperature ignition and thermal power conversion. The optimal injection timing during cold-start was found to be -13 degrees CA ATDC for the diesel engine in this study.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kuangyu Li, Weijie Yan, Xianliang Huang, Lingbo Yu, Huaichun Zhou
Summary: This study investigates the effect of various experimental parameters on the physicochemical properties and combustion characteristics of torrefaction products. The results show that torrefaction decreases volatile and moisture content, increases fixed carbon and ash content, and makes the indicators closer to coal. The parameters have similar effects on volatile content, mass yield, high heat value increase rate, and energy yield. The torrefaction products have fuel properties closer to coal and release less K during combustion.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jinlu Huo, Yuanhang Guan, Meng Zhang, Duo Zhang, Jiubin Lyu, Zhen Huang, Dong Han
Summary: Understanding the ignition characteristics of diesel in advanced combustion modes is crucial for achieving efficient diesel combustion. This study investigates the auto-ignition characteristics of diesel spray in three different oxidizing atmospheres. The experimental results show that the auto-ignition tendency and combustion intensity of diesel vary in different oxidizing atmospheres. The effects of ambient temperature, pressure, and injection pressure on ignition delay and combustion delay are also examined.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yaozong Li, Han Wu, Yanli Liu, Lu Zhang, Yongping Qiang, Wei Liu, Jinlong Liu, Honglin Bai, Caifeng Hao, Yang Li
Summary: The study modified a four-stroke engine for two-stroke operation and optimized the combustion system, resulting in the same power output and better efficiency compared to the original engine. The findings suggest that the poppet-valve two-stroke engine is an effective technical approach for engine downsizing.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Marcel Dossow, Vincent Dieterich, Andreas Hanel, Hartmut Spliethoff, Sebastian Fendt
Summary: A novel approach combining electrolysis and oxygen-blown entrained flow gasification allows for high carbon efficiency in producing sustainable Fischer-Tropsch fuels. The addition of hydrogen from electrolysis can increase product yield by a factor of 1.7-2.4. Integrating renewable power into a Biomass-to-Liquid process has the potential to increase carbon efficiency to up to 67%-97%.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhaowen Wang, Xiaojie Li, Lin Xiang, Yuhan Huang, Bing Lang, Xiaobei Cheng, Jie Zhang
Summary: This study compares the spray combustion characteristics of neat diesel, neat RP-3 and RP-3/diesel blends under different conditions. The results show that the blending ratio of RP-3 has significant effects on the spray and combustion processes. RP-3/diesel blends exhibit faster evaporation and lower soot emissions than neat diesel and RP-3 alone.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Long Liu, Yan Peng, Li Huang, Changfu Han, Xiuzhen Ma
Summary: This paper investigates the influence of spray impingement on the mixing process and optimizes the stochastic combustion model to account for this effect. The results show that spray impingement significantly enhances the fuel-air mixing rate, resulting in a leaner and more homogenous mixture and optimizing the combustion process.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hana Burdova, Zdenka Kwoczynski, Diana Nebeska, Karim Suhail Al Souki, Dominik Pilnaj, Barbora Grycova, Katerina Klemencova, Pavel Lestinsky, Pavel Kuran, Josef Trogl
Summary: The second-generation energy crop Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) can produce adequate biomass yield even in marginal or contaminated soils. This renewable biomass can be utilized energetically or transformed into various biobased products. Growing Mxg in diesel contaminated soils did not have significant effects on the energetic biomass properties.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Malte Hennig, Martina Haase
Summary: This paper analyzes the implications of using hydrogen in the Biomass-to-Liquid process, showing that hydrogen enhancement leads to higher product yield and conversion efficiency. However, economic analysis reveals that the process is currently unprofitable due to high costs for hydrogen provision.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Long Liu, Shiyi Fu, Changfu Han
Summary: In this article, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the developing process of large nozzle spray and flame in a constant volume combustion chamber. The effects of nozzle diameter, ambient pressure, and swirl on spray and flame characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the large nozzle diameter affected the evaporation and propagation of the flame, while increasing ambient pressure and adding swirl accelerated the spray break-up and enhanced the combustion process.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jingjing He, Hao Chen, Yisong Chen, Xin Su, Peng Zhang, Hongming Xu, Chenglong Zhou
Summary: The addition of cyclopentanol in diesel fuel improves the atomization and combustion characteristics, reducing soot formation and enhancing combustion efficiency. The effects vary with different injection pressures.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Panos Sphicas, Apostolos Pesyridis
Summary: In this study, an electrically heated, constant-volume, pressurized vessel was designed and manufactured to investigate Diesel sprays in engine conditions. The controlling electronics and software were developed to ensure safe and precise operation. The spray spatial and temporal development were analyzed using a high-speed shadowgraph technique, and models were derived to describe the temporal evolution of the liquid core, which can be used to predict the Diesel spray behavior and engine performance.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
T. G. Fang, F. J. Wang
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS-ENGLISH EDITION
(2020)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianguo Du, Guangming Zang, Balaji Mohan, Ramzi Idoughi, Jaeheon Sim, Tiegang Fang, Peter Wonka, Wolfgang Heidrich, William L. Roberts
Summary: This paper introduces a 4D tomographic reconstruction method from multi-view diffused back illumination (DBI) images for studying the 3D structure of flash boiling spray and fuel trajectory change. This cost-effective and time-saving method provides detailed 3D information efficiently.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jianguo Du, Balaji Mohan, Jaeheon Sim, Tiegang Fang, William L. Roberts
Summary: This study investigates flash boiling sprays using structured laser illumination planar imaging (SLIPI) technique, revealing spray behaviors during collapsing events. SLIPI has advantages in resolving the inner structure of the collapsed spray, compared to conventional laser sheet imaging.
EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Fujun Wang, Vanessa Gallardo, Stephen Michielsen, Tiegang Fang
Summary: This study investigates the formation of drip bloodstains on fabrics by analyzing blood droplet impact and wicking dynamics. It reveals that subsequent wicking greatly alters the bloodstains induced by impact, with the stain factor depending strongly on impact velocity. The influence of droplet impact on subsequent wicking is quantified, and the wicking coefficient scales with We(-0.34).
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Howuk Kim, Kyunghoon Kim, Nicholas Garcia, Tiegang Fang, Xiaoning Jiang
Summary: The LM LUS transducer with high thermal expansion is capable of effectively producing ultrasound waves, resulting in higher LUS intensity compared to conventional polymer-based transducers. Experimental results confirmed the LM transducer effectively intensifies ultrasound wave signals with a signal-to-noise gain over 30dB.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Libing Wang, Kaushik Nonavinakere Vinod, Tiegang Fang
Summary: The study investigated the development of spark assisted compression ignition combustion (SACI) using PRF65. Results show that the heat release rate initially increases and then decreases with the increase in ambient temperature, with the peak heat release rate appearing around 650 K to 700 K. The peak heat release rate timing is advanced with the increase of the ambient temperature or oxygen level, and flame luminosity increases with the increase in ambient temperature.
Article
Thermodynamics
Libing Wang, Kaushik Nonavinakere Vinod, Tiegang Fang
Summary: The study found that peak heat release rate initially increases then decreases with ambient temperature, with the highest rate occurring around 650-700 K. The timing of peak heat release rate decreases with increased ambient temperature or oxygen levels. Under low ambient temperature, oxygen levels play a major role in affecting combustion. Proper spark timing can advance peak HRR and shorten ignition delay, especially at low ambient temperatures.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hoyong Kim, Subash Sriram, Tiegang Fang, Stephen Kelley, Sunkyu Park
Summary: The study found that the ash content of biomass has a significant impact on the distribution of pyrolysis products and the miscibility of bio-oil in diesel. As the ash content increases, the volatile matter content and bio-oil yield decrease, while the concentration of phenolic monomers and the miscibility of bio-oil in diesel fuel increase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Matthew Gore, Kaushik Nonavinakere Vinod, Tiegang Fang
Summary: This study examines the potential and performance of a particular synthetic fuel composed of methane, ethane, and carbon dioxide (CO2) in a spark ignition internal combustion engine for stationary power generation. The fuel, which is a byproduct of ethylene production, was tested at varying fuel mixtures and loads to assess its feasibility and efficiency in reducing emissions and improving industrial process efficiency. The results showed that the mixed gas was able to generate comparable thermal efficiency and power to gasoline under high load conditions, but exhibited lower thermal efficiency in no load or part load conditions. Furthermore, the mixed gas also significantly reduced CO and NOx emissions compared to gasoline.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kaushik Nonavinakere Vinod, Tiegang Fang
Summary: Ammonia is being considered as an alternative to fossil fuel in gas turbine and internal combustion engines due to its carbon-free and hydrogen energy-carrying nature. However, there are barriers such as long ignition delay, slow flame speed, and low reactivity that need to be overcome before its practical applications. This study explores the use of oxygen-enriched combustion to improve the ignition of ammonia and investigates its combustion characteristics in a constant volume combustion chamber.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yanqing Cui, Haifeng Liu, Mingsheng Wen, Lei Feng, Zhenyang Ming, Zunqing Zheng, Tiegang Fang, Leilei Xu, Xue-Song Bai, Mingfa Yao
Summary: Clarifying the misfire mechanism is crucial for stabilizing combustion in partially premixed combustion (PPC). Experimental results show that misfire occurs when the equivalence ratio is low or the in-cylinder thermodynamic environment does not support flame development. Optimizing the combination of equivalence ratio and temperature is important for achieving stable combustion.
Article
Acoustics
Howuk Kim, Bharat Balagopal, Sean Kerrigan, Nicholas Garcia, Mo-Yuen Chow, Mohamed Bourham, Tiegang Fang, Xiaoning Jiang
Summary: This article proposes a noninvasive liquid level sensing technique using laser-generated ultrasound waves for nuclear power plant applications. The current intrusive sensing techniques used in the plant structure have disadvantages in terms of regular maintenance and stability under varying environmental conditions. This study developed a nonintrusive sensing unit attached to a liquid vessel to capture guided ultrasound waves and mathematically expressed the sensing mechanism as an index value to correlate the liquid level with the sensor signal. Laser-generated ultrasound was adopted for acoustic wave generation instead of typical contact transducers, and the developed sensor demonstrated good performance under elevated liquid temperature conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fujun Wang, Tosin Ajayi, Kaushik Nonavinakere Vinod, Chengying Xu, Tiegang Fang
Summary: This experimental study examines the droplet impact dynamics of a specific ceramic precursor, Polysilazane, on Inconel surfaces. The investigation reveals unique spreading dynamics of Polysilazane droplets, including smooth contact angle variation during the transition from impact to lateral spreading, absence of delayed wetting, and no retraction process within the studied conditions. The wetting dynamics of Polysilazane can be effectively described by an empirical exponential law.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Aerospace
Nicholas Garcia, Ho-Wuk Kim, Kaushik Vinod, Taeyang Kim, Tiegang Fang, Xiaoning Jiang
Summary: There is a growing need for non-invasive structural health monitoring in extreme environments, especially for nuclear power plants. Current methods for sensing pressure and temperature are intrusive and have limitations in terms of degradation, lifespan, and maintenance. This paper presents an advanced liquid metal transducer with the addition of candle-soot nanoparticles for improved efficiency and control of the liquid metal layer thickness. The newly presented transmitter showed significantly higher sensitivity compared to existing ones.
NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION AND MONITORING OF ADVANCED MATERIALS, AEROSPACE, CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND TRANSPORTATION XVII
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kaushik Nonavinakere Vinod, Matt Gore, Hanzhang Liu, Tiegang Fang
Summary: In this study, the addition of ammonia affected the stability of combustion, but with the addition of a combustion modifier, the overall variability was reduced. The engine's indicated thermal efficiency increased with higher substitutions of ammonia, and adding methane to the fuel mixtures reduced overall NOx emissions.
APPLICATIONS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yong Cheng, Fukai Song, Lei Fu, Saishuai Dai, Zhiming Yuan, Atilla Incecik
Summary: This paper investigates the accessibility of wave energy absorption by a dual-pontoon floating breakwater integrated with hybrid-type wave energy converters (WECs) and proposes a hydraulic-pneumatic complementary energy extraction method. The performance of the system is validated through experiments and comparative analysis.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jing Gao, Chao Wang, Zhanwu Wang, Jin Lin, Runkai Zhang, Xin Wu, Guangyin Xu, Zhenfeng Wang
Summary: This study aims to establish a new integrated method for biomass cogeneration project site selection, with a focus on the application of the model in Henan Province. By integrating Geographic Information System and Multiple Criterion Decision Making methods, the study conducts site selection in two stages, providing a theoretical reference for the construction of biomass cogeneration projects.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mert Temiz, Ibrahim Dincer
Summary: The current study presents a hybrid small modular nuclear reactor and solar-based system for sustainable communities, integrating floating and bifacial photovoltaic arrays with a small modular reactor. The system efficiently generates power, hydrogen, ammonia, freshwater, and heat for residential, agricultural, and aquaculture facilities. Thermodynamic analysis shows high energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as large-scale ammonia production meeting the needs of metropolitan areas. The hybridization of nuclear and solar technologies offers advantages of reliability, environmental friendliness, and cost efficiency compared to renewable-alone and fossil-based systems.
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Wojciech Stanek, Wojciech Adamczyk
Article
Thermodynamics
Desheng Xu, Yanfeng Li, Tianmei Du, Hua Zhong, Youbo Huang, Lei Li, Xiangling Duanmu
Summary: This study investigates the optimization of hybrid mechanical-natural ventilation for smoke control in complex metro stations. The results show that atrium fires are more significantly impacted by outdoor temperature variations compared to concourse/platform fires. The gathered high-temperature smoke inside the atrium can reach up to 900 K under a 5 MW train fire energy release. The findings provide crucial engineering insights into integrating weather data and adaptable ventilation protocols for smoke prevention/mitigation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Da Guo, Heping Xie, Mingzhong Gao, Jianan Li, Zhiqiang He, Ling Chen, Cong Li, Le Zhao, Dingming Wang, Yiwei Zhang, Xin Fang, Guikang Liu, Zhongya Zhou, Lin Dai
Summary: This study proposes a new in-situ pressure-preserved coring tool and elaborates its pressure-preserving mechanism. The experimental and field test results demonstrate that this tool has a high pressure-preservation capability and can maintain a stable pressure in deep wells. This study provides a theoretical framework and design standards for the development of similar technologies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Aolin Lai, Qunwei Wang
Summary: This study assesses the impact of China's de-capacity policy on renewable energy development efficiency (REDE) using the Global-MSBM model and the difference-in-differences method. The findings indicate that the policy significantly enhances REDE, promoting technological advancements and marketization. Moreover, regions with stricter environmental regulations experience a higher impact.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mostafa Ghasemi, Hegazy Rezk
Summary: This study utilizes fuzzy modeling and optimization to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). By simulating and analyzing experimental data sets, the ideal parameter values for increasing power density, COD elimination, and coulombic efficiency were determined. The results demonstrate that the fuzzy model and optimization methods can significantly improve the performance of MFCs.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhang Ruan, Lianzhong Huang, Kai Wang, Ranqi Ma, Zhongyi Wang, Rui Zhang, Haoyang Zhao, Cong Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a grey box model for fuel consumption prediction of wing-diesel hybrid vessels based on feature construction. By using both parallel and series grey box modeling methods and six machine learning algorithms, twelve combinations of prediction models are established. A feature construction method based on the aerodynamic performance of the wing and the energy relationship of the hybrid system is introduced. The best combination is obtained by considering the root mean square error, and it shows improved accuracy compared to the white box model. The proposed grey box model can accurately predict the daily fuel consumption of wing-diesel hybrid vessels, contributing to operational optimization and the greenization and decarbonization of the shipping industry.
Article
Thermodynamics
Huayi Chang, Nico Heerink, Junbiao Zhang, Ke He
Summary: This study examines the interaction between off-farm employment decisions between couples and household clean energy consumption in rural China, and finds that two-paycheck households are more likely to consume clean energy. The off-farm employment of women is a key factor driving household clean energy consumption to a higher level, with wage-employed wives having a stronger influence on these decisions than self-employed ones.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hanguan Wen, Xiufeng Liu, Ming Yang, Bo Lei, Xu Cheng, Zhe Chen
Summary: Demand-side management is crucial to smart energy systems. This paper proposes a data-driven approach to understand the relationship between energy consumption patterns and household characteristics for better DSM services. The proposed method uses a clustering algorithm to generate optimal customer groups for DSM and a deep learning model for training. The model can predict the possibility of DSM membership for a given household. The results demonstrate the usefulness of weekly energy consumption data and household socio-demographic information for distinguishing consumer groups and the potential for targeted DSM strategies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinglan Hou, Xiuping Zhong, Shuaishuai Nie, Yafei Wang, Guigang Tu, Yingrui Ma, Kunyan Liu, Chen Chen
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of utilizing a multi-level horizontal branch well heat recovery system in the Qiabuqia geothermal field. The research systematically investigates the effects of various engineering parameters on production temperature, establishes mathematical models to describe their relationships, and evaluates the economic viability of the system. The findings demonstrate the significant economic feasibility of the multi-level branch well system.
Article
Thermodynamics
Longxin Zhang, Songtao Wang, Site Hu
Summary: This investigation reveals the influence of tip leakage flow on the modern transonic rotor and finds that the increase of tip clearance size leads to a decline in rotor performance. However, an optimal tip clearance size can extend the rotor's stall margin.
Article
Thermodynamics
Kristian Gjoka, Behzad Rismanchi, Robert H. Crawford
Summary: This paper proposes a framework for assessing the performance of 5GDHC systems and demonstrates it through a case study in a university campus in Melbourne, Australia. The results show that 5GDHC systems are a cost-effective and environmentally viable solution in mild climates, and their successful implementation in Australia can create new market opportunities and potential adoption in other countries with similar climatic conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianwei Li, Guotai Wang, Panpan Yang, Yongshuang Wen, Leian Zhang, Rujun Song, Chengwei Hou
Summary: This study proposes an orientation-adaptive electromagnetic energy harvester by introducing a rotatable bluff body, which allows for self-regulation to cater for changing wind flow direction. Experimental results show that the output power of the energy harvester can be greatly enhanced with increased rotatory inertia of the rotating bluff body, providing a promising solution for harnessing wind-induced vibration energy.
