Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Aurelien Lebreton, Gilles Melin, Sylvain Bordais, Romain Kerampran, Erwan Pincemin, Thierry Taunay, Jeremie Jauffrit, Pierre-Yves Disez, Claude Le Bouette, Yves Jaouen, Michel Morvan, Chao Lu
Summary: A 20 dB gain, 12 cores Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped cladding pumped amplifier in C-band with only 5.3 W of pump power has been achieved. A classical rate equation model was used for amplifier design and parameters such as active fiber length, pump power, and ions concentration have been optimized. The results obtained from numerical simulations and experimental investigations were compared. Different use cases of MC-EYDFA were studied, including various transmission configurations and multi-core amplifiers in ROADM architectures. A transmission distance of 1200 km with 200G DP-QPSK and 300 km with 400G DP-16QAM was achieved in serial configuration at 1550 nm. This marks the first step towards SDM transmission using power efficient amplifiers for cost, energy, and footprint savings.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Zhimu Gu, Qiang Qiu, Le He, Yang Chen, Yang Lou, Xiaoke Yin, Shaokun Liu, Wenzhen Li, Xinyue Zhao, Yingbin Xing, Yingbo Chu, Nengli Dai, Jinyan Li
Summary: A novel cladding-pumped 4-core erbium-doped fiber with a pedestal structure has been proposed and fabricated, showing significant gain improvement and noise reduction in the L-band. Experimental results demonstrate the high average gain and low average noise figure of this new fiber.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hitoshi Takeshita, Yusuke Shimomura, Kohei Hosokawa
Summary: This work investigates the feasibility of improving the energy efficiency of a cladding-pumped multicore (MC) EDFA by utilizing bidirectional (BD) pumping. It demonstrates that the optical power loss due to equalization can be reduced by controlling the optical power ratio of the forward and backward pumps. Under optimized conditions, a 1.7% pump conversion efficiency improvement and a 24% reduction in total optical pump power compared to conventional MC-EDFA were achieved.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Taiji Sakamoto, Masaki Wada, Shinichi Aozasa, Ryota Imada, Takashi Yamamoto, Kazuhide Nakajima
Summary: By adjusting the length of the erbium-doped fiber, a 12-core EDFA can operate in both C and L bands, demonstrating good amplification characteristics and applicability for inline amplified transmission systems. The study found that for long-distance SDM transmission, MDL impacts the power efficiency of randomly coupled multi-core EDFAs.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Tianjin Wen, Shecheng Gao, Wei Li, Jiajing Tu, Jinpei Li, Yongguang Xiao, Hanyu Gao, Yingyu Chen, Jianye Zhao, Cheng Du, Weiping Liu, Zhaohui Li
Summary: This paper proposes a Gaussian-like erbium doping distribution design method for ring-core erbium doped fiber (RC-EDF) to optimize the differential modal gain (DMG), reducing the fabrication complexity of the fiber preform. The fabricated RC-EDF shows ultra-low DMG less than 0.3 dB at 1550 nm for all four supported OAM modes (l = 1, 2, 3, 4), with a gain above 15 dB and DMG less than 1.2 dB across the C-band under a 500 mW pump power. Additionally, the proposed OAM-EDFA demonstrates successful transmission of 32 channels (8 wavelengths x 4 OAM modes) carrying 32-Gbaud QPSK OAM modes multiplexed-WDM signals, with an average OSNR penalty of 0.34 dB.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hitoshi Takeshita, Kohei Nakamura, Yuushi Matsuo, Takanori Inoue, Daishi Masuda, Tetsuya Hiwatashi, Kohei Hosokawa, Yoshihisa Inada, Emmanuel Le Taillandier de Gabory
Summary: We developed a 15.2-km submarine cable prototype capable of accommodating 16 fiber pairs of 4-core uncoupled multicore fiber. Fiber properties were measured and compared before and after cabling, with no significant changes observed. In a long-haul transmission performance test, a 60.8-km length transmission span was created by splicing four fiber pairs from the 15.2-km length cable. The experiment demonstrated the negligible effect of inter-core crosstalk on signal degradation.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hirotaka Ono, Makoto Yamada
Summary: The analysis focuses on the power consumption of optical repeater subsystems in a multicore fiber link, comparing the power consumption of subsystems using multicore EDFAs with those using multiple single-core EDFAs. The results indicate that multicore EDFAs have certain advantages over single-core EDFAs in terms of power consumption efficiency.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Andis Supe, Sergejs Olonkins, Aleksejs Udalcovs, Ugis Senkans, Rihards Murnieks, Lilita Gegere, Dmitrijs Prigunovs, Jurgis Grube, Edgars Elsts, Sandis Spolitis, Oskars Ozolins, Vjaceslavs Bobrovs
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics and performance of a cladding-pumped erbium/ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) through numerical simulations to identify the optimal configuration. The results showed that a 7-meter long EYDF and co-propagating pump direction with specific pump source parameters yielded the best performance, providing high gain and low noise figure for amplifying 40 DWDM channels. Additionally, the study examined EYDFA gain bandwidth, output power, and sensitivity to absorption and emission cross-sections, demonstrating the impact on amplification efficiency through energy transfer between Yb3+ and Er3+.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Optics
A. Nassiri, M. Elmouaddine, A. Boulezhar, H. Idrissi-Saba
Summary: In this paper, an enhanced architecture technology based on the combination of SDM and WDM Erbium/Ytterbium co-doped seven-core fiber amplifier is proposed and simulated. The results show that this architecture allows for peak gain over 49 dB and gain greater than 20 dB in a large bandwidth with minimal noise.
JOURNAL OF RUSSIAN LASER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hao Guo, Ting Li, Fengping Yan, Guobin Ren, Wei Wang, Xiangdong Wang, Qi Qin, Guifang Wu, Jiao Gao, Baoyuan Wang, Haoyu Tan, Wenhua Ren, Ting Feng
Summary: This article reports the design and characterization of a six-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (6M-EDFA) for mode division multiplexing systems. The design utilizes a center-depressed optical fiber and adjustment of parameters to reduce splice loss. Through analysis and optimization, high gain and low differential modal gain are achieved. The performance of the designed amplifier is verified using a MDM transmission system.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Taiji Sakamoto, Ryota Imada, Kazuhide Nakajima
Summary: This paper proposes cross-sectional design guidelines suitable for a power efficient cladding-pumped coupled multi-core erbium-doped fiber amplifier (MC-EDFA). Numerical calculations and experimental verification were conducted to investigate the optimal core-to-cladding ratio (R-cc) for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in different operational bandwidths (C- or L-band) of the amplifier. The results showed that the PCE in the C-band amplifier improves as R-cc increases, whereas the PCE in the L-band amplifier maximizes at a specific R-cc value.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaolei Bai, Meng Wang, Yuxing Yang, Zhiguo Lv, Weiguo Jia
Summary: This study demonstrates a hybrid fiber amplifier with the ability to suppress Yb-ASE and improve slope efficiency, although it increases ASE in the 1.5 μm band. The research provides a possible method for erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifiers to suppress Yb-ASE.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Optics
Yanbiao Chang, Li Pei, Jingjing Zheng, Jianshuai Wang, Qian He, Jing Li, Tigang Ning, Li Zhong
Summary: An all-fiber few mode erbium doped fiber amplifier (FM-EDFA) with low differential modal gain (DMG) is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. The all-fiber FM-EDFA with low DMG provides a cost-effective and stable alternative for high-integrated all-fiber long-haul spatial division multiplexing applications.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Afzal Hossain, S. P. Majumder
Summary: The study found that crosstalk in 9-core and 7-core multi-core optical fibers is more pronounced compared to the 3-core fiber, leading to significant deterioration in Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. Additionally, there is a minimum achievable BER corresponding to specific core pitch and number.
Article
Optics
Qi Zhao, Li Pei, Jingjing Zheng, Jianshuai Wang, Yuheng Xie, Jing Li, Tigang Ning
Summary: A ring-core few-mode erbium-doped fiber (FM-EDF) with step refractive index is designed to achieve modal gain equalization in the amplifier. The layered-doping method is used to reduce mode gain difference (DMG), and adjustments in doping radius and doping concentration are made for optimal FM-EDF structure. When applied in the few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (FM-EDFA), the DMG at 1550 nm is less than 0.44 dB, with gains above 16 dB for each mode in the entire C-band. The addition of trenches at appropriate positions further improves gain equalization characteristics, reducing the DMC to 0.03 dB.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mujtaba Zahidy, Yaoxin Liu, Daniele Cozzolino, Yunhong Ding, Toshio Morioka, Leif K. Oxenlowe, Davide Bacco
Summary: Light carrying orbital angular momentum can be utilized for generating high-dimensional quantum states and increasing data capacity, but its technological deployment is limited by the difficulties in fabricating integrated photonic devices. This research demonstrates a photonic integrated chip capable of exciting orbital angular momentum modes in fiber, paving the way for quantum information technologies.
Article
Optics
Dmytro Suslov, Eric numkam Fokoua, Daniel Dousek, Ailing Zhong, Stanislav Zvanovec, Thomas Bradley, Francesco Poletti, David J. Richardson, Matej Komanec, Radan Slavik
Summary: We achieved simultaneous low coupling loss and low back-reflection between a hollow core fiber and standard single mode optical fiber through the combination of an angled interface and an anti-reflective coating. Experimental optimization of the interface angle was performed to achieve the best performance, and parasitic cross-coupling to higher-order modes was examined and controlled.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Brian R. Shy, Vivasvan S. Vykunta, Alvin Ha, Alexis Talbot, Theodore L. Roth, David N. Nguyen, Wolfgang G. Pfeifer, Yan Yi Chen, Franziska Blaeschke, Eric Shifrut, Shane Vedova, Murad R. Mamedov, Jing-Yi Jing Chung, Hong Li, Ruby Yu, David Wu, Jeffrey Wolf, Thomas G. Martin, Carlos E. Castro, Lumeng Ye, Jonathan H. Esensten, Justin Eyquem, Alexander Marson
Summary: By using single-stranded DNA HDR templates with reduced toxicity and small-molecule combinations, the efficiency of CRISPR-mediated site-specific transgene insertion can be greatly enhanced. This method is applicable to various target loci, knock-in constructs, and primary human cell types, with high HDR efficiencies. Furthermore, it can be applied in pathogenic gene variant modeling, gene-replacement strategies, and nonviral chimeric antigen receptor-T cell manufacturing with improved knock-in efficiencies and yields.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Eric Numkam Fokoua, Seyed Abokhamis Mousavi, Gregory T. Jasion, David J. Richardson, Francesco Poletti
Summary: In recent years, advances in hollow-core optical fiber technology have resulted in reduced attenuation levels comparable to solid-core fibers. This has renewed interest in the technology and the expectation of achieving highly transparent light propagation across all wavelengths. This review examines the physical mechanisms driving attenuation in both legacy photonic bandgap and antiresonant hollow-core fibers. It discusses intrinsic and extrinsic loss mechanisms, as well as provides scaling rules and design guidelines for low-loss hollow-core fibers.
ADVANCES IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diogenes G. da S. Fernandes, Graziella S. Capo, Aryane Tofanello, Carlos E. Castro, Bruno B. Foltran, Fabio M. Squina, Maria H. C. Santos, Romerio R. S. Silva, Claudener S. Teixeira, Wanius Garcia
Summary: This study reports the synthesis of silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (NPs) assisted by ConA and DVL. The NPs showed interactions with membrane carbohydrates and potential applications in selective recognition and biotechnological applications.
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xuhao Wei, Austin Taranta, Bo Shi, Meng Ding, Zitong Feng, David J. Richardson, Francesco Poletti, Radan Slavik
Summary: Thermal phase sensitivity in optical fibers is undesirable for fiber interferometers and applications requiring a fixed phase. Using hollow core fiber reduces thermal phase sensitivity, and coiling the fiber further reduces this sensitivity significantly.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anjelica Kucinic, Chao-Min Huang, Jingyuan Wang, Hai-Jun Su, Carlos E. Castro
Summary: Structural DNA nanotechnology enables the design of complex nanoscale structures with programmable properties. Researchers developed a multi-component DNA origami 6-bar mechanism that can be reconfigured into various shapes, providing potential applications in biosensing and materials with tunable properties.
Article
Optics
Zitong Feng, Hesham Sakr, John R. Hayes, Eric Numkam Fokoua, Meng Ding, Francesco Poletti, David J. Richardson, Radan Slavik
Summary: Optical fibers with a low thermal coefficient have been developed for frequency and timing transmission. A new hollow core fiber with a thin acrylate coating has been shown to have a stable thermal coefficient over a wide temperature range and can be insensitive to temperature around -134 degrees C.
Article
Optics
Kunhao Ji, Di Lin, Ian A. Davidson, Siyi Wang, Joel Carpenter, Yoshimichi Amma, Yongmin Jung, Massimiliano Guasoni, David J. Richardson
Summary: Higher-order Poincare sphere (HOPS) beams with spatially variable polarization and phase distributions have unique applications in optical communication and microscopy. Generating these beams with high peak power from compact laser systems remains a challenge. In this study, we demonstrate the controlled generation of HOPS beams using coherent beam combination from an Yb-doped multicore fiber (MCF) amplifier, achieving peak powers up to 14 kW for similar to 92 ps pulses.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuchen Wang, Sebastian Sensale, Miguel Pedrozo, Chao-Min Huang, Michael G. Poirier, Gaurav Arya, Carlos E. Castro
Summary: Biomolecular nanotechnology is used to mimic robotic capabilities in nanoscale systems, and DNA origami is an attractive method for creating complex nanorobotic devices. This study introduces a communication mechanism inspired by protein allostery to transmit signals between two distal dynamic components through steric interactions. The research demonstrates that one arm can regulate the motion range and conformational state of the distal arm, and signal transmission can be modulated by tuning thermal fluctuations and controlling the conformational states of the components.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yaoxin Liu, Lars Sogaard Rishoj, Michael Galili, Quentin Saudan, Yunhong Ding, Leif Katsuo Oxenlowe, Toshio Morioka
Summary: We designed and fabricated a silicon photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexer (MUX) chip for simultaneous wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and OAM mode-division multiplexing (MDM) in optical fiber communication systems. Using this chip, we successfully demonstrated simultaneous 3 OAM MDM transmission and OAM MDM/WDM transmission in an 800-m OAM ring-core fiber. The achieved bit error rates (BERs) were below the 7% forward error correction (FEC) limit using 10 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) signals.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
John D. Downie, Yongmin Jung, Sergejs Makovejs, Merrion P. Edwards, David J. Richardson
Summary: We compare different options for amplification in trans-oceanic repeatered submarine systems using multicore fiber transmission. Our analysis focuses on relative cable capacity and relative system cost/bit. We evaluate the optical performance of parallel single-core erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (SC-EDFAs) and multicore erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (MC-EDFAs) with various configurations. Key parameters like noise figure, amplifier bandwidth, electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency, and amplifier cost impact the expected capacity and cost/bit performance. Our findings show that MC-EDFAs with either core- or cladding-pumping may offer lower cost/bit compared to parallel SC-EDFAs, but cladding-pumping could reduce cable capacities due to higher noise figure and potentially lower amplifier bandwidth.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuchen Wang, Anjelica Kucinic, Lilly Des Rosiers, Peter E. Beshay, Nicholas Wile, Michael W. Hudoba, Carlos E. Castro
Summary: DNA origami nanotechnology has potential for diverse applications, but its use in education is limited due to high cost and time requirements. We developed an experiment module for classroom implementation, focusing on a deformable hinge joint, that can be evaluated within 120 minutes using cost-effective equipment. Two beam-based models were presented to describe the joint deformation. This module can broaden access to and interest in the mechanical design of DNA origami.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yongmin Jung, Jing Meng, Kerrianne Harrington, Hesham Sakr, Ian A. Davidson, Sijing Liang, Gregory Jasion, Francesco Poletti, David J. Richardson
Summary: This paper investigates two methods for the direct interconnection of hollow-core fibers (HCFs) with laser diodes or photodiodes. The research findings show that direct butt coupling has low efficiency due to mode field diameter (MFD) mismatch, but efficiency can be improved by using a graded-index fiber based all-fiber MFD converter. On the other hand, a two-lens system enables extremely high coupling efficiency.
OPTICAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Vincent Michaud-Belleau, Eric R. Numkam Fokoua, Peter Horak, Natalie Wheeler, Shuichiro Rikimi, Thomas D. Bradley, David J. Richardson, Francesco Poletti, Jerome Genest, Radan Slavik
Summary: The impact of thermal noise on the performance of hollow-core optical fibers is assessed by comparing several interferometers optimized for phase sensitivity. Measurements show that the thermal noise level in the 20 to 200 kHz range is mainly determined by the thermo-optic contribution from the gas that fills the core, regardless of the exact hollow-core fiber design. The lowest thermal noise power per unit optical length ever measured in a fiber (approximate to 1.3 x 10(-17) (rad(2)/Hz)/m at 30 kHz) is achieved using a large-mode-area hollow-core fiber evacuated and sealed at 0.15 atm. Filling the core with a low-polarizability noble gas can further reduce the noise density in this spectral range.
