Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nirajan Shrestha, Nathan Rout-Pitt, Alexandra McCarron, Courtney A. A. Jackson, Andrew C. C. Bulmer, Andrew J. J. McAinch, Martin Donnelley, David W. W. Parsons, Deanne H. H. Hryciw
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of essential fatty acid deficiency caused by cystic fibrosis (CF), which is the result of mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Two rodent models of CF were studied: one strain with a loss of phenylalanine at position 508 (Phe508del) in CFTR and the other lacking functional CFTR (510X). Fatty acid concentrations were measured in the serum, and the expression of genes related to fatty acid transport and metabolism was quantified. Histological assessment of the ileal tissue was also performed. The results showed genotype- and age-dependent alterations in fatty acid concentration, as well as changes in gene expression and tissue morphology. These findings suggest that CF rat models exhibit abnormalities in the handling of fatty acids, possibly due to altered transport and metabolism, as well as fibrosis and structural changes in the ileum.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hung N. Luu, Chi Thi-Du Tran, Renwei Wang, Mai Vu-Tuyet Nguyen, Mo Thi Tran, Thuy Thi-Van Tuong, Quang Hong Tran, Linh Cu Le, Huong Thi-Thu Pham, Hien Huy Vu, Nam Chi Bui, Hien Thi-Thu Ha, Dung Tuan Trinh, Claire E. Thomas, Jennifer Adams-Haduch, Liudmilla Velikokhatnaya, Robert E. Schoen, Guoxiang Xie, Wei Jia, Paolo Boffetta, Jose C. Clemente, Jian-Min Yuan
Summary: The study found that colorectal advanced adenoma is associated with alterations in ileal juice bile acids. The concentrations of hyodeoxycholic acid (HCA) species in ileal juice were significantly higher in advanced adenoma patients compared to controls. The relative abundance of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in total bile acids was significantly reduced in cases than controls.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mei Lan Chen, Xiangsheng Huang, Hongtao Wang, Courtney Hegner, Yujin Liu, Jinsai Shang, Amber Eliason, Huitian Diao, HaJeung Park, Blake Frey, Guohui Wang, Sarah A. Mosure, Laura A. Solt, Douglas J. Kojetin, Alex Rodriguez-Palacios, Deborah A. Schady, Casey T. Weaver, Matthew E. Pipkin, David D. Moore, Mark S. Sundrud
Summary: The study identified the nuclear xenobiotic receptor CAR as a regulator of MDR1 expression in T cells, protecting the small intestine from bile acid toxicity and inflammation. Activation of CAR in T-eff cells infiltrating the small intestine induced large-scale transcriptional reprogramming and promoted the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Junwei Xiang, Zhengyan Zhang, Hongyi Xie, Chengcheng Zhang, Yan Bai, Hua Cao, Qishi Che, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: FXR, a nuclear receptor for bile acids, plays a key role in regulating metabolic pathways and improving various diseases. Bile acids link the intestine with the liver through the enterohepatic circulation, with different types of bile acids having diverse effects on the intestines, providing a foundation for new treatment methods.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Marielle Margier, Cedric Le May, Tiffany Antoine, Charlotte Halimi, Marion Nowicki, Anne Lespine, Emmanuelle Reboul
Summary: The study found that ABCB1 is involved in the efflux of vitamin K and regulates its absorption in mice models.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yanmin Wang, Xiaomei Guo, Dong Sun, Ghassan S. S. Kassab
Summary: This study found that ileal interposition (IT) surgery prolongs gastrointestinal (GI) emptying time but promotes gut hormone secretion, leading to improved diabetic control.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Bingyong Mao, Qunran Xiang, Xin Tang, Qiuxiang Zhang, Xiaoming Liu, Jianxin Zhao, Shumao Cui, Hao Zhang
Summary: This study found that Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM1175 and Lactobacillus paracasei CCFM1176 can effectively prevent CAP-induced intestinal injury and improve gastrointestinal health. By regulating the expression of TRPV1, increasing the level of short-chain fatty acids, and modulating the composition of gut microbiota, these two strains of lactic acid bacteria improve intestinal structure, reduce inflammation, and enhance anti-inflammatory capacity.
PROBIOTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sarah E. Blutt, Sue E. Crawford, Carolyn Bomidi, Xi-Lei Zeng, James R. Broughman, Matthew Robertson, Cristian Coarfa, Mary Elizabeth M. Tessier, Tor Savidge, F. Blaine Hollinger, Steven A. Curley, Mark Donowitz, Mary K. Estes
Summary: The use of human tissue stem cell-derived organoids has advanced our understanding of human physiological and pathophysiological processes. This study demonstrates that coupling of ex vivo human intestine and liver epithelial organoid cultures recapitulates in vivo interorgan bile acid signaling, providing new models to investigate interorgan communication. These results suggest that organoid cultures can be used to study and therapeutically modulate interorgan interactions and advance the development of personalized medical care.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andras Gregor, Marc Pignitter, Christine Fahrngruber, Sebastian Bayer, Veronika Somoza, Juergen Koenig, Kalina Duszka
Summary: In the study, it was found that caloric restriction led to increased levels of free taurine and taurine conjugates in the intestine, along with increased GST enzymatic activity and gene expression in the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, the levels of free GSH were decreased in the intestine of caloric restriction mice compared to ad libitum fed mice, while levels of oxidized GSH were not affected.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Frans Stellaard
Summary: Dietary cholesterol plays a significant role in the endogenous cholesterol pool and affects the serum concentration of total cholesterol, particularly LDL cholesterol. Maintaining a balance in hepatic cholesterol metabolism is crucial for preventing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andras Gregor, Marc Pignitter, Slave Trajanoski, Sandra Auernigg-Haselmaier, Veronika Somoza, Juergen Koenig, Kalina Duszka
Summary: The study revealed that microbiota plays a critical role in the intestinal response to caloric restriction-induced changes in taurine, bile acids, and GST levels. Antibiotics treatment that depleted gut bacteria diminished the specific increase in these levels, highlighting the importance of microbiota in modulating metabolic responses to caloric restriction. Transplant of microbiota from caloric restriction mice induced similar changes in gene expression and metabolite levels in ad libitum fed mice, further emphasizing the influence of microbiota on metabolic pathways.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Andras Gregor, Sandra Auernigg-Haselmaier, Manuel Malleier, Stefan Bruckberger, Joana Seneca, Petra Pjevac, Marc Pignitter, Kalina Duszka
Summary: Previously, we found that caloric restriction (CR) led to increased levels of taurine and taurine-conjugated bile acids (BA) in the gut. In this study, we discovered that restrictive diets, such as intermittent fasting and fasting-mimicking diet, had a similar effect as CR. The type of cage bedding affected the levels of BAs and taurine, and removal of cage bedding reversed the CR phenotype. Microbiota transplant from CR mice increased BAs deconjugation. Inhibition of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) prevented the increase in free taurine while increasing taurine-conjugated BA levels. Consuming high fiber diets increased taurine conjugates without elevating BAs levels.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Weijie Chen, Haixin Yin, Ning Zhang, Wei Liu, Qiang Qu, Jianchun Xiao, Fengying Gong, Xiaodong He
Summary: The study found that IT can significantly improve glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats, including lowering levels of cholesterol, LDL, and TGs, while increasing bile acid levels.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Melek Tunc-Ata, Fatih Altintas, Hande Senol, Erol Nizamoglu, Vural Kucukatay
Summary: The study showed that ileal interposition surgery significantly improved hyperinsulinemia and lipid profile in a MetS rat model, normalized the Lee index and insulin resistance. The surgery did not affect GLP-1 secretion but increased pancreatic GLP-1R expression levels. These results suggest that ileal interposition may be beneficial in the treatment of MetS.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Qiaoling Wang, Huibin Lin, Chongrong Shen, Minchun Zhang, Xingyu Wang, Miaomiao Yuan, Mingyang Yuan, Sheng Jia, Zhiwen Cao, Chao Wu, Banru Chen, Aibo Gao, Yufang Bi, Guang Ning, Weiqing Wang, Jiqiu Wang, Ruixin Liu
Summary: The gut microbiota regulates the release of postprandial GLP-1 through microbial metabolites, highlighting the essential interaction between gut microbiota and host in maintaining intestinal function and health.
Article
Oncology
Ran Li, Shishuang Wu, Xiaolu Wu, Ping Zhao, Jingyi Li, Kai Xue, Junmin Li
Summary: The study established a prognostic model based on IRL signature for predicting AML patients' overall survival, demonstrating its reliability and effectiveness. The prognostic model, in conjunction with clinical features via a nomogram, improved prognostic accuracy and identified the potential roles of monocytes and metabolism pathways in AML progression.
