Article
Environmental Sciences
Jun Li, Danni Zhu, Si Zhang, Guoli Yang, Yi Zhao, Changsong Zhou, Yongsheng Lin, Shengzhang Zou
Summary: This study used chemical variables and stable isotopes to analyze the sources and transformations of NO3- pollution in surface water and groundwater in the Huixian karst wetland. The results showed that long-term application of synthetic NH4(+) fertilizer and soil organic nitrogen were the main contributors to NO3- pollution. Additionally, agricultural activities had a significant impact on NO3- concentration.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Seung-Hee Kim, Dong-Hun Lee, Min-Seob Kim, Han-Pil Rhee, Jin Hur, Kyung-Hoon Shin
Summary: In this study, an integrated framework was validated to effectively manage nitrate loading in complex river systems through quantitative estimation of nitrate sources. The isotopic compositions of nitrates showed different ranges among land-use types, reflecting different nitrate sources within watersheds. Hydrological conditions, such as water discharge, partially controlled total nitrate loads. Sewage transport near urban boundaries showed unique enhancement and increased total nitrate load in downstream areas. The isotopic and model-based nitrate fluxes showed good correlation for urban sources but poor correlation for agriculture-dominated land use.
Article
Soil Science
Kirsten A. Pearsons, Emmanuel C. Omondi, Gladis Zinati, Andrew Smith, Yichao Rui
Summary: Tillage reduction is a common goal of farmers worldwide, but it is unclear if different strategies have contrasting effects on soil health. A long-term field crop trial in Pennsylvania was evaluated to compare the effects of reduced-till strategies on soil health under conventional and organic management. The results showed that reducing tillage in the conventional system increased potentially mineralizable carbon and surface compaction, while moderately reducing tillage in the organic systems did not cause significant changes in soil health indicators.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Abdulhalim Zaryab, Hamid Reza Nassery, Kay Knoeller, Farshad Alijani, Eddy Minet
Summary: This study investigates the geochemistry and stable isotope composition of the Kabul urban aquifer, the main source of drinking water for Kabul city's inhabitants. The findings suggest that nitrate pollution in the aquifer primarily originates from sewage rather than artificial fertilizer. The results highlight the importance of improving sewage collection systems in the Kabul Plain.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Qibin Lao, Guoqiang Liu, Jingsong Gao, Youli Shen, Qizhong Su, Chunqing Chen, Fajin Chen
Summary: Isotope measurements in the northeastern Beibu Gulf of China revealed that nitrate sources primarily originated from local pollution sources, with seasonal variations and significant impacts from human activities on the marine ecosystem, resulting in excessive nutrient levels.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wei Guo, Li Luo, Zhongyi Zhang, Nengjian Zheng, Hongwei Xiao, Huayun Xiao
Summary: The study shows that nitrate in southern China, especially during warm months, is mainly derived from the OH radical pathway, while changes in formation pathways and isotopic composition are influenced by air pollution emissions. Higher isotopic values from NOx emissions in northern areas and during cold months lead to higher nitrate isotopic compositions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stephen J. Harris, Dioni Cendon, Stuart Hankin, Mark A. Peterson, Shuang Xiao, Bryce F. J. Kelly
Summary: The application of excessive nitrogen fertilisers can lead to nitrate contamination in groundwater, which can impact surface water quality. This study in the Emerald Irrigation Area, Australia, investigated the occurrence and controls of denitrification in nitrate-rich aquifers. The results showed that denitrification primarily occurs in anaerobic zones and beneath leaking irrigation channels, leading to significant nitrate reduction. Understanding regional and local hydrogeological processes is crucial for assessing the impacts of nitrate contamination on adjacent ecosystems.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Subhashisa Praharaj, Ratnesh Kumar Jha, Anil Kumar Singh, Shishir Kumar Gangwar, Rajendra Pratap Singh, Madhu Sudan Kundu, Abdus Sattar, Chelpuri Ramulu, Abhinav Kumar Singh, Surendra Singh Jatav, Abhik Patra
Summary: With the growing population, changing climate, scarcity of resources, and the urgent need for sustainable development, it is crucial to reimagine agriculture to be economically profitable, climate-resilient, and resource-efficient. Traditional rice production technology has been criticized for inefficient resource utilization, high production costs, and greenhouse gas emissions. This study closely examines the crop performance of rice under different establishment methods and highlights farmers' field-based knowledge to refine agronomic and extension strategies. The results demonstrate the superiority of zero tillage over broadcasting and line sowing in terms of crop and economic performance in Bihar's northwest alluvial plain zone.
Article
Ecology
Juliette Chassain, Sophie Joimel, Laure Vieuble Gonod
Summary: Intensive agriculture is a main threat to soil biodiversity, and alternative systems with lower disturbances may promote soil biodiversity and its role in soil functioning. However, the effects of alternative systems on soil biodiversity, especially regarding soil mesofauna, are still poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the effects of alternative cropping systems and practice intensity on the taxonomic and functional diversity of Collembola.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Kendalynn A. Morris, Ben P. Bond-Lamberty, Donnie J. Day, Kaizad F. Patel, Stephanie C. Pennington, Nicholas D. Ward, Joseph C. von Fischer
Summary: In this paper, a user-friendly R package is introduced to facilitate the broader implementation of isotopic pool dilution methods. This package provides extensive documentation and example analyses, and can be easily integrated into analytical pipelines.
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
Dibakar Roy, Ashim Datta, H. S. Jat, Madhu Choudhary, P. C. Sharma, P. K. Singh, M. L. Jat
Summary: The study suggests that conservation agriculture practices help improve soil quality by reducing bulk density, increasing water holding capacity, and enhancing soil organic carbon content and microbial activity. The maize-wheat cropping system showed higher soil quality index and is recommended for sustainable yield in North West India.
Article
Environmental Studies
Ajin S. Anil, Vinod K. Sharma, Raimundo Jimenez-Ballesta, Chittar M. Parihar, Siba P. Datta, Mandira Barman, Kapil A. Chobhe, Chiranjeev Kumawat, Abhik Patra, Surendra Singh Jatav
Summary: Over the past decade, scientific studies have focused on the effects of global phosphorus scarcity on food security. A comprehensive strategy that considers demand reduction and recycling possibilities is needed. Research shows that reduced tillage and crop residue retention can improve soil phosphorus content and provide additional benefits in conservation agriculture.
Article
Thermodynamics
Snehasish Bhunia, Subrata Karmakar, Suvendu Bhattacharjee, Kingshuk Roy, Sahely Kanthal, Mahadev Pramanick, Aniket Baishya, Biswapati Mandal
Summary: This study analyzed the energy budgeting and optimization for rice-wheat-green gram cultivation in different tillage systems and residue/fertilizer doses, finding that zero tillage had the lowest total energy input while reduced tillage had the highest yield energy.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Young-Jae Jeong, Bo-Seong Seo, Nuri Baek, Jin-Hyeob Kwak, Sang-Mo Lee, Hyun-Jin Park, Woo-Jung Choi
Summary: This study proposed methods for determining the δN-15 of multiple nitrogen species. The methods included traditional distillation, direct evaporation, and isotope mass balance equation. The accuracy and precision of the methods were evaluated through a series of experiments, and the influences of different conditions on the analysis results were assessed.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Shaosong Zhen, Min Luo, Yang Shao, Diandou Xu, Lingling Ma
Summary: Nitrate, an important component of PM2.5, can impact ecosystems through dry and wet deposition. Understanding the sources of atmospheric NOX and the processes of nitrate production are crucial for effective environmental management. Stable isotope techniques provide an effective way to explore NOX sources and atmospheric nitrate pollution, offering a promising tool for traceability in the field of air quality control.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Louise C. Andresen, Yolima Carrillo, Catriona A. Macdonald, Laura Castaneda-Gomez, Samuel Bode, Tobias Rutting
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mikhail Kononets, Anders Tengberg, Madeleine Nilsson, Nils Ekeroth, Astrid Hylen, Elizabeth K. Robertson, Sebastiaan van de Velde, Stefano Bonaglia, Tobias Ruetting, Sven Blomqvist, Per O. J. Hall
Summary: This paper discusses the use of in situ incubations with sediment to study benthic fluxes and processes at sediment-water interfaces. The authors share their experiences and applications over 14 years and 308 deployments with the Gothenburg benthic chamber lander systems, showing examples of sensor measurements for control and manipulation experiments. They demonstrate the possibilities of benthic chamber lander systems for measuring solute fluxes and studying processes at sediment-water interfaces, providing recommendations for obtaining high-quality data.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel O. Wasonga, Afrane Yaw, Jouko Kleemola, Laura Alakukku, Pirjo S. A. Makela
Summary: The study found that RGB and multispectral imaging can provide indirect measurements of growth and key nutritional traits in cassava, which can be used as a tool in various breeding programs to facilitate cultivar evaluation and support management decisions to avert stress, such as the decision to irrigate or apply fertilizers.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Tapani Jokiniemi, Hannu Mikkola, Mikko Hakojarvi, Laura Alakukku
Summary: A theoretical calculation model was used to assess the fuel consumption of various forage harvesting methods, validated with field measurements. Variables such as yield level, working width, and transportation distance were found to have significant effects on fuel consumption. Increasing working width and windrowing were recommended to decrease fuel consumption, with self-loading forage wagon being the most energy efficient method but sensitive to transportation distance.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
J. Tuure, M. Rasanen, M. Hautala, P. Pellikka, P. S. A. Makela, L. Alakukku
Summary: The study demonstrates that covering soil with plant residue mulch can increase soil moisture, enhance crop drought resilience, and increase yields in semi-arid regions.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nahid Atashi, Juuso Tuure, Laura Alakukku, Dariush Rahimi, Petri Pellikka, Martha A. Zaidan, Henri Vuollekoski, Matti Rasanen, Markku Kulmala, Timo Vesala, Tareq Hussein
Summary: Model evaluation against experimental data showed that the model effectively predicted the occurrence of dew formation but overestimated the harvestable dew amount. Adjusting the factor revealed the seasonal and spatial variation of dew formation in Kenya.
Article
Agronomy
Katja Kauppi, Ari Rajala, Erja Huusela, Janne Kaseva, Pentti Ruuttunen, Heikki Jalli, Laura Alakukku, Marja Jalli
Summary: The study found that in the absence of pesticides, fungal diseases and weeds had the greatest impact on spring wheat and spring barley, causing significant yield and nutrient losses. Insect pests also had a varying effect on the yield of spring wheat and spring barley.
Article
Soil Science
Tobias Rutting, Philipp Schleusner, Linda Hink, James Prosser
Summary: The study found that under different ammonium supply conditions, the contribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria to gross nitrification varies, with substrate availability affecting their relative activities.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
C. Lammirato, M. Wallman, P. Weslien, L. Klemedtsson, T. Rutting
Summary: The short-term temporal variability of N2O fluxes was significant, and the accuracy of annual emission estimates strongly depended on the measuring frequency. It is recommended to measure four times per day for maximum accuracy, or measure twice per day for a good compromise between accuracy and the number of plots that can be monitored.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lars Ellegard, Torgny Alstad, Tobias Rutting, Petra Hammarstrom Johansson, Helen M. Lindqvist, Anna Winkvist
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Louise C. Andresen, Samuel Bode, Robert G. Bjork, Anders Michelsen, Rien Aerts, Pascal Boeckx, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Kari Klanderud, Richard S. P. van Logtestijn, Tobias Rutting
Summary: In cold terrestrial ecosystems, the soil nitrogen cycle is slow and organically bound nitrogen serves as an important nitrogen source for plants. Changes in plant community and local differences can alter the pool and composition of soil free amino acids, and long-term warming can enhance this effect. The type of mycorrhizal association is important in controlling soil nitrogen cycling, and expansion of shrubs with ectomycorrhiza can help retain nitrogen within the ecosystems by tightening the nitrogen cycle.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mikael Anakkala, Antti Lajunen, Mikko Hakojarvi, Laura Alakukku
Summary: Remote sensing is a method for monitoring and measuring agricultural crop fields using unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with different camera technologies. This research evaluates the effects of field conditions on data quality and commonly used vegetation indices, finding that vegetation indices with near-infrared bands are less affected by field condition changes.
Article
Soil Science
Teodora Todorcic Vekic, Shahid Nadeem, Lars Molstad, Vegard Martinsen, Elisabeth Gautefall Hiis, Lars Bakken, Tobias Rutting, Leif Klemedtsson, Peter Dorsch
Summary: Liming of acidic agricultural soils has been proposed as a strategy to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, as it can increase soil pH and decrease the N2O/N-2 product ratio of denitrification. However, the effectiveness of different minerals in increasing soil pH and reducing N2O emissions varies. In this study, dolomite was found to effectively increase pH and reduce N2O emissions, while calcite showed no significant reduction in N2O emissions despite the highest pH increase. Siliceous materials had minimal effect on pH and N2O emissions. Overall, liming can reduce N2O emissions, but high lime doses may temporarily increase emissions.
SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Roope Nasi, Hannu Mikkola, Eija Honkavaara, Niko Koivumaki, Raquel A. Oliveira, Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Niila-Sakari Keijala, Mikael Anakkala, Laura Alakukku, Laura Alakukku
Summary: Crop growth within agricultural parcels can be uneven, even with even management. Aerial images can determine vegetation presence and variability, but the reasons for uneven growth are less studied. This study evaluated the relationship between drone image data and field/soil quality indicators. The results showed that soil/field indicators can effectively explain spatial variability in drone images, which can be utilized for cultivation planning and field parcel evaluation.
Article
Ecology
Tobias Rutting, Anna-Karin Bjorsne, Per Weslien, Asa Kasimir, Leif Klemedtsson
Summary: Nitrogen fertilization can greatly increase stem wood production in boreal forests, but it also may lead to higher emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). A study in Northern Sweden found that long-term nutrient optimization fertilization resulted in N2O emissions about twice as high in fertilized plots compared to control plots.
FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE
(2021)
