Article
Chemistry, Physical
Giovanni Di Liberto, Luis A. Cipriano, Gianfranco Pacchioni
Summary: One of the objectives of electronic structure theory is to predict chemical and catalytic activities, which has become less complex with the use of single atom catalysts and graphene-based catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions. The rapid growth of theoretical studies based on density functional theory (DFT) and proposals of universal descriptors have provided guidance for the synthesis of efficient catalysts. However, there are still challenges in predicting catalyst activity, such as the accuracy of calculations, neglect of important contributions, and the physical meaning of proposed descriptors, not to mention reproducibility issues.
Article
Physiology
Karthik Suresh, Kevin J. Psoter
Summary: With the advancement of next-generation sequencing technologies, more clinical and transcriptomic data are available for studying disease states. This provides an opportunity for basic science researchers to explore the impact of gene transcript levels on disease survival in humans. However, careful evaluation of statistical considerations and technical factors is necessary before conducting these analyses. In this article, we provide a brief description of the statistical considerations involved in such analyses, specifically targeting basic scientists who may not have extensive experience with statistical models.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Economics
Riccardo Lucchetti, Francesco Valentini
Summary: Giraitis et al. (J Econom 224(2):394-415, 2021) proposed a kernel-based time-varying coefficients IV estimator. We replicate the simulation results and empirical application on the Phillips curve using different code, and find that they are robust. However, we also identify a possible oversight that may have affected some of the reported results. Our findings show that the estimator is remarkably robust across a wide range of smoothing choices, but the impact of outliers may not be as evident as expected.
EMPIRICAL ECONOMICS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael Jefford, Doris Howell, Qiuping Li, Karolina Lisy, Jane Maher, Catherine M. Alfano, Meg Rynderman, Jon Emery
Summary: The number of cancer survivors is increasing, and current care models are unsustainable. Alternatives, including primary-care led models, shared care models, and nurse-led models, have been found to be effective and applicable. Choosing the appropriate model depends on patient-level factors, local services, and healthcare policy. Improved models should focus on improving quality of life, reducing risk, managing comorbidities, and reducing costs.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Pasquale Sansone, Luca Gregorio Giaccari, Francesco Coppolino, Caterina Aurilio, Alfonso Barbarisi, Maria Beatrice Passavanti, Vincenzo Pota, Maria Caterina Pace
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review of reported cases to evaluate the effectiveness of CFD in treating carbapenem-resistant bacteria. The results showed that CFD was effective against the most common carbapenem-resistant pathogens and had a good safety profile.
Article
Ethics
I. Glenn Cohen, Jacob S. Sherkow, Eli Y. Adashi
Summary: The World Health Organization's report recognizes the complexity and fragility of ethical assessments of human genome editing, and recommends cautious handling of the technology. It explores some oversight mechanisms and discusses the impracticality of certain approaches like international law.
HASTINGS CENTER REPORT
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Philippe Charrier, Pauline Occelli, Karine Buchet-Poyau, Marion Douplat, Marine Delaroche-Gaudin, Florence Fayard-Gonon, Laurent Jacquin, Veronique Potinet, Alain Sigal, Karim Tazarourte, Sandrine Touzet
Summary: The strategies implemented by emergency care professionals when facing tension and interpersonal violence from patients and their friends and family are individualized for the most part, and may not be adapted to all situations. Some cases may be entrusted to professionals specialized in resolving conflict.
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Jonathan Stewart, Judy Bradley, Susan Smith, Joanne Mcpeake, Timothy Walsh, Kimberley Haines, Nina Leggett, Nigel Hart, Danny Mcauley
Summary: There is currently a lack of evidence on the optimal strategy to support patient recovery after critical illness. Previous research has found little benefit in rehabilitation interventions, and it is now recognized that a person's existing health status, particularly multimorbidity and frailty, strongly influences their long-term outcomes. This review explores the complex relationships between multimorbidity and patient outcomes after critical illness, and proposes potential strategies to optimize patient recovery by addressing various factors including medical conditions, treatment burden, functional status, healthcare delivery, and social support. Providing patient-centered care that proactively identifies critical illness survivors with multimorbidity and meets their unique challenges and needs is crucial for facilitating recovery and improving outcomes.
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ferdinand C. Grozema
Summary: Photoredox catalysts show promise in high energy requirement reactions, but the influence of solvent and counter ions is not fully understood. A microwave-based technique provides direct insight into their effects on charge reorganization during catalysis.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dieu Bui Thi Huyen, Ai Nguyen Thi, Dung Vu Thi Kim, Hieu Le Minh, Tine Gammeltoft, Amalie Rorholm Vestergaard
Summary: This study examined family caregiving for individuals with T2D in rural northern Vietnam. Four major challenges were identified: physical health concerns, psychological exhaustion, economic burdens, and lack of support. Caregivers expressed a sense of responsibility towards their family member with diabetes and were motivated to overcome these challenges. Sharing caregiving tasks among multiple family members reduced negative experiences and increased positive feelings associated with caregiving.
Article
Business
Hauke Wetzel, Christina Haenel, Alexandra Claudia Hess
Summary: This study compares the effectiveness of common service contract termination initiatives in reducing negative word-of-mouth (NWOM) from customers whose service contracts are being cancelled. The study finds that preannouncement and support in finding an alternative are the only effective initiatives to reduce NWOM. The choice of initiatives depends on the context of the termination, such as relationship duration and competitive intensity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MARKETING
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Kate Duquesne, Christophe Pattyn, Barbara Vanderstraeten, Emmanuel A. Audenaert
Summary: This study identified the important role of the iliofemoral ligament (IFL) in hip flexion during walking. The findings showed that the IFL can work synergistically with the hip muscles to significantly reduce the work required by the hip flexor muscles.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Dimitri Skliros, Dieter Luest
Summary: In this work, the authors discuss how to incorporate topological features of Riemann surfaces in string amplitudes by inserting handle operators, and explicitly construct these operators. The use of an offshell local coherent vertex operator basis and gauge fixing invariance under Weyl transformations using holomorphic normal coordinates are particularly efficient for ensuring gauge invariance and reparametrization invariance. Various complementary viewpoints and consistency checks are provided, including one-loop modular invariance and calculations of one- and two-point sphere amplitudes for validation.
PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Aaron T. Seaman, Kristen L. Seligman, Khanh K. Nguyen, Zaid Al-Qurayshi, Nicholas D. Kendell, Nitin A. Pagedar
Summary: A significant percentage of head and neck cancer survivors discontinue care with their treating institution. Factors associated with discontinuation include demographic and oncologic factors, pointing to potential clinical and care delivery interventions.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Safaa Hussein Ali, Remon Asaad Nasr, Rania Mohammed Abou-Hashem
Summary: A study on 203 elderly patients admitted to ICU found that comorbidity burden and infections acquired after discharge are important determinants of long-term functional outcomes. ICU scores were not effective predictors of functional outcomes.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)