Article
Clinical Neurology
John R. Sheets, Robert G. Briggs, Isabella M. Young, Michael Y. Bai, Yueh-Hsin Lin, Anujan Poologaindran, Andrew K. Conner, Christen M. O'Neal, Cordell M. Baker, Chad A. Glenn, Michael E. Sughrue
Summary: This study utilized fMRI studies to establish a neuroanatomical model, describing the structural connectivity of the SMA outside of the motor network, and identified four left hemisphere regions of the SMA. Consistent interconnections between these areas were found, as well as connections to other brain regions.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Salim Al-Wasity, Stefan Vogt, Aleksandra Vuckovic, Frank E. Pollick
Summary: The study used fMRI NF to train healthy participants to self-regulate brain signals, showing a gradual increase in SMA-related activity only in the NF group and shorter reaction times in a Go/No-go task after the NF training. These results suggest that NF can help participants develop greater control over a specifically targeted motor region, with implications for motor skill learning and rehabilitation.
Article
Neurosciences
Allan Lohse, Annemette Lokkegaard, Hartwig R. Siebner, David Meder
Summary: Impulsivity refers to acting prematurely or without forethought, and it is a major issue in many neuropsychiatric disorders. The pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) may play a role in inhibitory control and impulsivity. In this study, low-frequency rTMS of the pre-SMA was found to modulate task-related engagement and influence risky choice behavior during sequential gambling, providing evidence for a causal link between pre-SMA activity and impulsive risk-taking behavior.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jack P. Solomon, Sarah N. Kraeutner, Kiera O'Neil, Shaun G. Boe
Summary: Motor imagery (MI) and physical practice (PP) are parallel processes for acquiring motor skills, but they may have fundamental differences in encoding movement. Evidence suggests that the supplementary motor area (SMA) plays a role in effector-independent learning in both MI and PP.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mehmet Salih Tuncer, Lucius S. Fekonja, Stefanie Ott, Andreas Pfnuer, Anna-Gila Karbe, Melina Engelhardt, Katharina Faust, Thomas Picht, Jan Coburger, Lasse Duehrsen, Peter Vajkoczy, Julia Onken
Summary: This study investigates network-based predictors for postoperative SMA syndrome in glioma patients. The results show that disconnection of callosal fibers is associated with prolonged symptom duration and long-term motor deficits.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cynthia K. Kahl, Adam Kirton, Tamara Pringsheim, Paul E. Croarkin, Ephrem Zewdie, Rose Swansburg, James Wrightson, Lisa Marie Langevin, Frank P. Macmaster
Summary: This study found that robot-driven, neuronavigated bilateral rTMS of the SMA is feasible in children with Tourette syndrome and appears to reduce tic severity. The primary outcome was a significant decrease in YGTSS score from baseline after treatment (p<0.001; Cohen's d=2.9), indicating the effectiveness of the treatment.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Gabrielle Todd, Caroline D. Rae, Janet L. Taylor, Nigel C. Rogasch, Jane E. Butler, Michael Hayes, Robert A. Wilcox, Simon C. Gandevia, Karl Aoun, Adrian Esterman, Simon J. G. Lewis, Julie M. Hall, Elie Matar, Jana Godau, Daniela Berg, Christian Plewnia, Anna-Katharina Von Thaler, Clarence Chiang, Kay L. Double
Summary: Research has found that increased thickness of the substantia nigra in healthy older adults may be associated with changes in excitability of motor cortical circuitry. This finding has important implications for understanding brain changes in healthy older adults at risk of Parkinson's disease.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Aviv Emanuel, Jasmine Herszage, Haggai Sharon, Nira Liberman, Nitzan Censor
Summary: This study reveals that the supplementary motor area (SMA) may play a role in coding effort value moment-to-moment during tasks, leading to a more equal distribution of effort over the course of the task. This phenomenon, known as the "stuck-in-the-middle" pattern (STIM), suggests that SMA activity influences how individuals allocate effort during tasks.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Shuji Mitsumoto, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on the cerebellum and SMA on bimanual movements. The results showed that simultaneous stimulation of the cerebellum and SMA, as well as stimulation of the cerebellum alone, significantly improved bimanual movement performance. These findings have implications for the development of stimulation methods for improving bimanual motor skills.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Travis R. Larsh, David A. Huddleston, Paul S. Horn, Steve W. Wu, Kim M. Cecil, Hannah S. Jackson, Richard A. E. Edden, Stewart H. Mostofsky, Donald L. Gilbert
Summary: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset disorder characterized by tics preceded by premonitory sensory urges. This study found that the intensity of the urges strongly correlated with tic severity. More severe urges were associated with lower cortical excitability (CE) and weaker cortical inhibition in both right and left M1. Interestingly, in the right M1, lower CE and weaker inhibition correlated with less severe tics. The study suggests that in young children with TS, the reduction of CE and inhibition in the right M1, modulated by the supplementary motor area (SMA) and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), may serve as compensatory mechanisms to diminish tics in response to premonitory urges.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Harry Pinson, Jeroen Van Lerbeirghe, Dimitri Vanhauwaert, Olivier Van Damme, Giorgio Hallaert, Jean-Pierre Kalala
Summary: The SMA syndrome is often associated with surgery of the dorsomedial prefrontal lobe, affecting motor sequencing, complex language functions, and the negative motor network. The development is correlated with the extent of SMA region resection, impacting brain plasticity. Most patients can fully recover, but some may continue to experience mild motor and speech dysfunction.
NEUROSURGICAL REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Elias P. Casula, Giorgio Leodori, Jaime Ibanez, Alberto Benussi, Vishal Rawji, Sara Tremblay, Anna Latorre, John C. Rothwell, Lorenzo Rocchi
Summary: Studies have shown that the direction and intensity of the applied current in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is important for stimulating different neural populations. The presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) has recently gained attention in the study of motor inhibition. The lack of direct electrophysiological outcomes can be overcome by combining TMS with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG).
Article
Neurosciences
Sunyoung Choi, Sung-Bom Pyun
Summary: Functional dysphagia may be a neurobiological manifestation caused by maladaptive functional connectivity changes in brain structures related to swallowing. Noninvasive brain modulation with rTMS over the supplementary motor area may facilitate functional connectivity changes and improve control of swallowing-related movements, leading to improved clinical symptoms.
BRAIN CONNECTIVITY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Noham Wolpe, Frank H. Hezemans, Charlotte L. Rae, Jiaxiang Zhang, James B. Rowe
Summary: The pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) plays a central role in the initiation and inhibition of voluntary action. It has been found that the pre-SMA optimizes action selection and inhibition by dynamically adjusting thresholds, but its specific contribution to action inhibition remains unclear.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fanghui Qiu, Yu Zhou, Lanlan Zhang, Jian Zhang, Hui Liu
Summary: This study provides neurophysiological evidence supporting gender differences and functional lateralization of motor excitability in response to emotional stimuli.
Article
Psychology
Giorgia Cona, Gianvito Laera, Nicola Edelstyn, Patrizia S. Bisiacchi
JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Giorgia Cona, Cristina Scarpazza
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Giorgia Cona, Loren Kocillari, Alessandro Palombit, Alessandra Bertoldo, Amos Maritan, Maurizio Corbetta
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Claudio Terranova, Mariaelena Tagliabue, Giorgia Cona, Evelyn Gianfranchi, Laura Di Pietra, Giulio Vidotto, Massimo Montisci
TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Beatrice Moret, Rita Donato, Massimo Nucci, Giorgia Cona, Gianluca Campana
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giorgia Cona, Arianna Casagrande, Sabrina Lenzoni, Elena Pegoraro, Virginia Bozzoni, Luca Bello, Gianni Soraru, Annalisa Botta, Carlo Semenza
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Giorgia Cona, Francesco Chiossi, Silvia Di Tomasso, Giovanni Pellegrino, Francesco Piccione, Patrizia Bisiacchi, Giorgio Arcara
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabio Sarto, Giorgia Cona, Francesco Chiossi, Antonio Paoli, Patrizia Bisiacchi, Elisabetta Patron, Giuseppe Marcolin
Article
Neurosciences
Giorgia Cona, Martin Wiener, Cristina Scarpazza
Summary: The study conducted a meta-analysis using the ALE method to identify commonly activated brain regions in space and time processing, proposing the 'GradiATOM' theory which suggests that gradient organization facilitates transformations and integrations of magnitude representations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eleonora Fiorenzato, Silvia Zabberoni, Alberto Costa, Giorgia Cona
Summary: The study found that during the COVID-19 lockdown, subjective cognitive functioning and mental health were severely impacted, particularly in routine tasks involving attention, temporal orientation, and executive functions related to the lockdown. There was a paradoxical effect in memory, with reduced forgetfulness compared to pre-lockdown. Risk factors for worsening cognition and mental health included being female, under 45 years, working from home, or underemployed.
Article
Biology
Miriam Celli, Ilaria Mazzonetto, Andrea Zangrossi, Alessandra Bertoldo, Giorgia Cona, Maurizio Corbetta
Summary: Eye movements during visual exploration are influenced by various stimulus and goal-driven factors. Research has found that the dynamics of eye movements are similar across individuals during free viewing of natural scenes, with two distinct viewing styles identified: static and dynamic. Interestingly, these styles can be observed even in the absence of visual stimuli. It is hypothesized that these viewing styles correspond to different patterns of spontaneous brain activity.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Umberto Granziol, Giorgia Cona
Summary: Despite the connectome or network era, the variety of individual facets are typically studied as separate compartments. This study identified a network composed of seven distinct domains of human mind and behavior, revealing a low dimensionality. The application of Bayesian Networks also revealed specific relationships between some facets, providing potential insights for future neuroimaging studies and clinical practice.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Giorgia Cona, Martin Wiener, Francesco Allegrini, Cristina Scarpazza
Summary: Through a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies, this study identified neural regions commonly activated in aspects of space, time, and numerosity, and examined the existence of gradient transitions between these magnitude representations in the brain. Using the activation likelihood estimation method, the study included 112 experiments for space, 114 experiments for time, and 115 experiments for numerosity, following PRISMA guidelines. The findings revealed a system of brain regions consistently recruited for all three magnitudes, including bilateral insula, the supplementary motor area (SMA), the right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral intraparietal sulci. Gradiental transitions were observed in all regions except the insulae, with space and numbers primarily exhibiting gradients over parietal regions (and SMA), while time and numbers mainly showed gradients over frontal regions. These results support the GradiATOM theory, indicating that spatial proximity facilitated by overlapping activations and gradients plays a crucial role in efficient interactions and integrations among magnitudes.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Giorgia Cona, Paola Santacesaria, Cristina Scarpazza
Summary: This study found that there is no specific region or network for representing the future, but it seems to be represented on an anterior-posterior tangibility gradient based on the level of concreteness of the simulated scenario. Additionally, future-oriented cognition is mediated by two distinct networks: the Default Network and the Salience Network.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Tommaso Feraco, Nicole Casali, Chiara Meneghetti, Samuel Greiff, Giorgia Cona
Summary: Character strengths have been found to predict positive psychological outcomes, but more research is needed to understand their structure and role. A bifactor model was used to analyze data from two different samples, confirming the existence of a general factor of 'good character' and specific character strengths. The general factor consistently predicted life satisfaction, mental health, and distress symptoms, while the specific character strengths did not have a significant impact.
JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose Sanchez-Bornot, Roberto C. Sotero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Ozguer Simsek, Damien Coyle
Summary: This study proposes a multi-penalized state-space model for analyzing unobserved dynamics, using a data-driven regularization method. Novel algorithms are developed to solve the model, and a cross-validation method is introduced to evaluate regularization parameters. The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and real data analysis, enabling a more accurate exploration of cognitive brain functions.
