Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kimberly M. Alonge, David A. D'Alessio, Michael W. Schwartz
Summary: The role of the brain in both normal glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis remains unclear, but evidence suggests that the brain plays a key role in sensing and responding to changes in circulating glucose levels. This perspective is supported by the idea that restoring the brain's ability to sense glucose levels can normalize blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. Additionally, there may be a shared defect in the neurocircuitry governing energy and glucose homeostasis in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jun Yan, Chenxi Li, Jian Liu
Summary: A new therapeutic approach utilizing near-infrared laser to remotely control glucose metabolism for the treatment of type 2 diabetes has been proposed and successfully demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. By integrating fluorescent upconversion nanoparticles with optogenetic technique, this method selectively activates specific signaling pathways for insulin-independent treatment, providing potential new alternative strategies for managing type 2 diabetes clinically.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaodong Ge, Tingting Liu, Zhuo Chen, Jiawei Zhang, Xuemei Yin, Zirui Huang, Ligen Chen, Chao Zhao, Rong Shao, Wei Xu
Summary: This study demonstrates the therapeutic effects of Fagopyrum tataricum ethanol extract (FTE) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. FTE significantly improves hyperglycemia symptoms, reduces liver and cecum injuries, and increases insulin secretion. Additionally, FTE regulates intestinal microbial communities by decreasing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria and improving inflammatory response and insulin resistance. The study also predicts the correlation between gut microbiota and hypoglycemic indicators.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elizabeth Sanchez-Rangel, Felona Gunawan, Lihong Jiang, Mary Savoye, Feng Dai, Anastasia Coppoli, Douglas L. Rothman, Graeme F. Mason, Janice Jin Hwang
Summary: This study found that improvements in glycemic control can normalize intracerebral glucose levels in individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, suggesting the potential reversibility of cerebral glucose transport capacity and metabolism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jirapan Thongsroy, Apiwat Mutirangura
Summary: This study found a significant decrease in youth-DNA-gap numbers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is associated with higher levels of blood glucose and may be used as a marker for disease severity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoying Wang, Bo Tian, Shengfa Zhang, Jinsui Zhang, Weiping Yang, Jina Li, Weiwei Wang, Yuchen Wang, Weijun Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to examine whether diabetes knowledge could predict glycemic levels in rural Chinese people with low education levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results demonstrated a significant negative correlation between diabetes knowledge and glycemic levels, even after controlling for other factors. This highlights the importance of interventions to enhance diabetes knowledge among patients in rural China in order to improve health outcomes and reduce disease burden.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Su Hyun Park, Jiali Yao, Xin Hui Chua, Suresh Rama Chandran, Daphne S. L. Gardner, Chin Meng Khoo, Falk Mueller-Riemenschneider, Clare Whitton, Rob M. van Dam
Summary: We investigated the impact of dietary and physical activity behaviors on blood glucose fluctuations in individuals at high risk for diabetes. The study found that higher BMI, body fat, and markers of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance were linked to higher mean glucose levels over the seven-day period. However, engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and consuming polyunsaturated fats were associated with less variation in glucose levels, while higher protein and polyunsaturated fat intake were associated with more time-in-range. On the other hand, higher carbohydrate intake was associated with less time-in-range. These findings suggest that a diet high in polyunsaturated fat and protein, along with regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, may help reduce glucose fluctuations in individuals at high risk for diabetes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shilpa S. Shetty, N. Suchetha Kumari
Summary: This study investigated the association between FADS2 gene polymorphism, lipid levels, and susceptibility to type-2 diabetes mellitus. Results showed significant differences in circulating lipid levels in T2DM, with the multivariate model suggesting a predictive role for genotype, triglyceride, and insulin. The findings highlight the functional link between FADS2 gene polymorphism, lipid levels, and type-2 diabetes mellitus.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chantal Mathieu, Iraj Ahmadzai
Summary: This review examines the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists, specifically in type 1 diabetes, and concludes that they can lower weight and required insulin doses. However, their effects on glucose control and hypoglycemia vary depending on study protocols. Side effects include gastrointestinal complaints. The potential use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in other forms of diabetes is briefly discussed, but current evidence is limited.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tingting Cai, Yun Hu, Bo Ding, Rengna Yan, Bingli Liu, Ling Cai, Ting Jing, Lanlan Jiang, Xiaojing Xie, Yuming Wang, Huiying Wang, Yunting Zhou, Ke He, Lan Xu, Liang Chen, Cheng Cheng, Jianhua Ma
Summary: This study aimed to explore the chronic effects of metformin on testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results showed that after 3-month treatment, testosterone levels decreased in the metformin group, especially total and free testosterone levels. In the subgroup with improved blood glucose, the control group had a significant increase in testosterone levels compared to the metformin group.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Saijun Zhou, Rongna Dong, Junmei Wang, Li Zhang, Bai Yu, Xian Shao, Pufei Bai, Rui Zhang, Yongjian Ma, Pei Yu
Summary: Variations in red blood cell lifespan can affect HbA1c test values, but there is limited evidence on how it influences HbA1c specifically in T2DM patients. This study monitored the blood glucose levels and measured RBC lifespan in T2DM patients. The results showed that RBC lifespan had a higher contribution to HbA1c test value in the Q1 group, and a mathematical formula was constructed to correct this value for better T2DM management.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jessica Lewgood, Barbara Oliveira, Marie Korzepa, Scott C. Forbes, Jonathan P. Little, Leigh Breen, Robert Bailie, Darren G. Candow
Summary: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing and creating a large economic burden. This review critically evaluates the effects of various dietary strategies on diabetes management as well as examines several purported supplements aiming to improve glucose control and body composition.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Noni T. Frankenberg, Shaun A. Mason, Glenn D. Wadley, Robyn M. Murphy
Summary: This study investigates the differences in glycogen metabolism among skeletal muscle fiber types and finds that the proportion of diffusible glycogen is lower in Type I fibers compared to individuals with type 2 diabetes.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
R. Nisha Aurora, Irina Gaynanova, Pratik Patel, Naresh M. Punjabi
Summary: This study found that moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with greater abnormalities in CGM-derived metrics in patients with type 2 diabetes. There were notable differences between sleep and wakefulness.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiaoli Hu, Qianqian Guo, Xiaoqian Wang, Qiang Wang, Liangkai Chen, Taoping Sun, Peiyun Li, Zhilei Shan, Liegang Liu, Chao Gao, Ying Rong
Summary: This study found an association between plasma transthyretin levels and the risk of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in a Chinese population. Higher plasma transthyretin concentrations were associated with an increased risk of T2DM and IGR.
