Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Michel Bouchon, Hayrullah Karabulut, Mustafa Aktar, Serdar Ozalaybey, Jean Schmittbuhl, Marie-Paule Bouin, David Marsan
Summary: The text discusses the uncertainty around the seismic activity preceding earthquakes, questioning whether it is random or indicates an impending rupture. By studying the nucleation of the Izmit and Duzce earthquakes, it is found that slow aseismic slip plays a key role in their nucleation process.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Shahar Gvirtzman, Jay Fineberg
Summary: Frictional interfaces become unstable due to earthquake-like ruptures, which are similar to shear cracks. The nucleation of rupture determines the onset of friction and it is influenced by local stress and contact area topography. Nucleation events occur as 2D patches that expand at low velocities and are affected by the local stress level.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ting Wang, Xiaoshang Ru, Beini Deng, Chenxi Zhang, Xu Wang, Bo Yang, Libin Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of marine sediments under a wind farm in China and found that copper, chromium, and zinc were the major contaminants. The pollution level in the wind farm was relatively light compared to baseline values. The physicochemical features of the sediments explained the changes in microorganisms, and the relative abundance of microorganisms correlated with sediment quality. This comprehensive study fills a knowledge gap and enhances our understanding of assessing sedimentary environments in offshore wind farms.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Maria Eliana Poli, Emanuela Falcucci, Stefano Gori, Giovanni Monegato, Adriano Zanferrari, Alessandro Affatato, Luca Baradello, Gualtiero Bohm, Igor Dal Bo, Enrico Del Pin, Emanuele Forte, Stefano Grimaz, Andrea Marchesini
Summary: The study conducted new geological, morphotectonic, geophysical, and paleoseismological investigations on the Meduno Thrust in the eastern Southern Alps of Friuli, northeast Italy. The research area in Carnic Prealps has alluvial terraces linked to both climatic and tectonic pulses. Geophysical investigations revealed a transpressive thrust system accommodating stress at the oblique ramp of the Meduno Thrust involving all seismo-stratigraphic horizons.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kevin R. Milner, Bruce E. Shaw, Edward H. Field
Summary: In this study, a new model is proposed to determine the set of possible multifault ruptures in an interconnected fault system. Compared to existing rules, the proposed rules are insensitive to discretization details, have more permissiveness, and higher connectivity. By modeling the fault system and comparing with ruptures generated by an earthquake simulator, it is found that the proposed model performs better in meeting real-world conditions.
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Magali Riesner, Laurent Bollinger, Judith Hubbard, Cyrielle Guerin, Marthe Lefevre, Amaury Vallage, Chanda Basnet Shah, Thakur Prasad Kandel, Samuel Haines, Soma Nath Sapkota
Summary: This study focuses on the active fault in western Nepal between Surkhet and Gorahi, revealing evidence of normal faulting and recent activity through high-resolution digital elevation modeling and trench investigations. These findings deepen the understanding of tectonic activity in the region and provide important clues for assessing seismic risk.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Geology
Gulce Dinc, Jean-Paul Callot, Jean-Claude Ringenbach
Summary: Large offshore depocenters above a weak detachment level can undergo gravity spreading and/or gliding. The mechanical behavior of mobile shale levels in shale-prone gravity-driven systems is increasingly questioned. Seismic data from the Ceduna Subbasin in Australia reveals the importance of shale mobilization in worldwide gravity-driven deformation systems.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Chuang Cheng, Dun Wang, Qiang Yao, Lihua Fang, Shiqing Xu, Zihao Huang, Tonghui Liu, Zhifeng Wang, Xiaolin Huang
Summary: We analyzed the Mw 7.3 Madoi, China earthquake sequence that occurred along the low-slip-rate Kunlun Mountain Pass-Jiangcuo Fault (KMPJF) using local and teleseismic seismic data. The relocated earthquakes revealed a complex fault with a length of approximately 170 km, bifurcated ends, and varying dip angles. Backprojection analyses of the mainshock rupture process showed bilateral propagation with maximum speeds of about 4.0 km/s. The spatial correlation between the fast supershear rupture speeds and the geometric complexities of the KMPJF suggested that these transient ruptures are influenced by the varying geometry of the immature fault. Our findings highlight the importance of considering potential supershear ruptures along immature strike-slip faults in earthquake hazard assessment.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geology
You Zhou, Zhong-Hai Wu, Yu-Jun Sun, Guo-Can Wang, Ji-Long Wang
Summary: The study presents 17 apatite (U-Th)/He ages from the southern Longmen Shan along different faults, showing an increase in exhumation rates across the Dachuan-Shuangshi Fault since the Late Miocene. These findings support the idea of continuous crustal shortening along the eastern Tibetan Plateau margin.
INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Dongchen Li, Junjie Ren
Summary: EASRAPP is an open-source Python application for semi-automatically extracting and analyzing earthquake surface ruptures and associated quantitative parameters. It consists of four main modules for obtaining the region of interest, extracting surface ruptures, editing the extraction results, and analyzing the rupture zone width and strikes. It also offers additional functions such as data structure conversion and batch cropping from large images.
SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Steven Pike, Filareti Kotsi, Frank Mathmann, Di Wang
Summary: This study explores the impact of previous visitation on destination image and loyalty during a stopover, making a significant contribution to the emerging research field and providing practical implications for destination marketing organizations.
CURRENT ISSUES IN TOURISM
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Tomas Proisl, Rostislav Melichar
Summary: Joints and fault surfaces significantly affect rock cohesion and exhibit anisotropy in shear strength. The study found that different types of ruptures have distinct patterns in shear strength distribution.
ACTA GEODYNAMICA ET GEOMATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Irene Puliti, Stefano Pucci, Fabio Villani, Massimiliano Porreca, Lucilla Benedetti, Gaetano Robustelli, Anna Gueli, Giuseppe Stella
Summary: This study investigated the footwall of the Paganica normal fault, the source of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake in Italy, using integrated geological and geomorphological approaches. The results showed that the fault activity led to long-term fluvial incision and footwall uplift. The research also found an increasing relief growth and suggested that the fault's ongoing activity might trigger larger seismic events.
Article
Ecology
Mike Boots, Dylan Childs, Jessica Crossmore, Hannah Tidbury, Volker Rudolf
Summary: The study experimentally verified the impact of local interactions on the evolution of cannibalistic behavior. The results showed that Indian meal moth larvae evolved in environments with limited dispersal were selected for lower rates of cannibalism, demonstrating that local interactions can select against selfish behavior. This suggests that the variation in population structure plays a key role in explaining the variation in selfish and cooperative behaviors observed in nature.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fiia Nurminen, Stephane Baize, Paolo Boncio, Anna Maria Blumetti, Francesca R. Cinti, Riccardo Civico, Luca Guerrieri
Summary: This paper presents a new database on surface rupturing earthquakes, including data and analysis results from 50 events worldwide. By ranking and analyzing these data, regression parameters suitable for specific geological conditions can be obtained.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Afaf El-Ansary, Naima Zayed, Laila Al-Ayadhi, Hanan Qasem, Mona Anwar, Nagwa A. Meguid, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Monica Daniela Dosa, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Geir Bjorklund
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by reduced social communication and repetitive behaviors. Studies have shown that GABA levels are reduced in ASD patients, while levels of caspases 3 and 9 are elevated. Analysis of data and curves suggest that these biomarkers may be utilized for the diagnosis of autism.
ACTA NEUROLOGICA BELGICA
(2021)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sidra Goldman-Mellor, Carlisha Hall, Magdalena Cerda, Harish Bhat
Summary: This study found that patients with specific physical health problems, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, may be more likely to die by firearm suicide according to emergency department records and mortality data. Men and older individuals had higher rates of firearm suicide, and there was significant variability in firearm use among suicide decedents across different diagnostic groups.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sameera Abuaish, Norah M. Al-Otaibi, Kawther Aabed, Turki S. Abujamel, Saleha Ahmad Alzahrani, Sohailah Masoud Alotaibi, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Shaista Arzoo, Afaf El-Ansary
Summary: This study found that PPA treatment led to impaired social behavior in male rats but had no effect on females, indicating sex differences in response to PPA. It also observed variations in hormone levels, antioxidants, and cytokines between sexes. The results suggest that neural biochemical differences at baseline may play a role in the manifestation of autism, particularly in males.
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ahmed Elbanna, Mohamed Abdelmeguid, Xiao Ma, Faisal Amlani, Harsha S. Bhat, Costas Synolakis, Ares J. Rosakis
Summary: Research has shown that ground motions due to strike-slip earthquakes can contribute to the generation of large tsunamis under certain conditions. Supershear ruptures propagating along strike-slip faults, traversing narrow and shallow bays, are prime candidates for tsunami generation. The characteristic dynamic focusing and large horizontal displacements of strike-slip earthquakes are critical drivers for tsunami hazard.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ranyah Shaker M. Labban, Hanan A. Alfawaz, Ahmed T. Almnaizel, May N. Al-Muammar, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Afaf El-Ansary
Summary: This study showed that Garcinia mangostana extract and curcumin have significant effects in modulating oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rodent models.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Musarat Amina, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Abeer M. Al-Dbass, Nawal M. Musayeib, Rania Fahmy, Leen Alhadlaq, Afaf El-Ansary
Summary: In this study, we found that Moringa oleifera seed extract has a protective effect against glutamate-induced DNA damage in RGCs, potentially increasing the cell survival rate without affecting DNA integrity. The seed extract is rich in phytochemicals and demonstrates neuroprotective effects, suggesting it may help prevent the development of neurodegenerative disorders.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Abir Ben Bacha, Norah Al-Orf, Mona Alonazi, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Afaf El-Ansary
Summary: This study demonstrates that probiotics can reduce apoptosis and neuroinflammation induced by propionic acid (PPA) by modulating gut function. In a hamster model, probiotics significantly decreased levels of apoptotic markers and inflammation markers, providing protection against brain damage.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Anwar Al Suhaibani, Abir Ben Bacha, Mona Alonazi, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Afaf El-Ansary
Summary: The study examined the combined effects of mixed probiotic and bee pollen on brain intoxication induced by propionic acid in rat pups. The results showed that the treatment was effective in improving oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and neuroinflammation.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Kaiwen Xia, J. Ares Rosakis
Summary: The study investigates the effect of Low Velocity Zone (LVZ) on faulting using a laboratory fault model. Results show that the thickness of LVZ and the load level can affect the rupture speed and mode of the fault.
EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yuval Tal, Vito Rubino, Ares J. Rosakis, Nadia Lapusta
Summary: This study investigates how the asymmetric geometry of thrust faults affects earthquake dynamics, with experimental results showing asymmetries in motion velocities between the hanging and footwalls. Surface velocity attenuation is found to be larger at the hanging wall, with experimental measurements consistent with numerical simulations and field observations. The findings suggest that the interaction of ruptures with the free surface leads to reduced normal stress near the surface in thrust earthquakes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Faisal Amlani, Harsha S. Bhat, Wim J. F. Simons, Alexandre Schubnel, Christophe Vigny, Ares J. Rosakis, Joni Efendi, Ahmed E. Elbanna, Pierpaolo Dubernet, Hasanuddin Z. Abidin
Summary: This article investigates the mechanism of the tsunami generated by the 2018 Palu earthquake in Indonesia. The study confirms that the earthquake reached supershear speed and reproduces the arrival and motion of the tsunami through simulations. The results suggest that the interaction between Mach fronts generated by supershear speed and the bathymetry contributed to the tsunami.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Hongyu Zeng, Shengji Wei, Ares Rosakis
Summary: This study investigates the impact of source-side 3D velocity structure on teleseismic travel-time in back projection analysis of large earthquakes. Travel-time data recorded by the Hi-Net array is used to reveal how travel-time errors vary with source location. The study proposes a new interpolation scheme to calibrate the travel-time error by using earthquakes located around the mainshock rupture, and validates it through relocating inland M > 5.0 earthquakes in central Japan. The calibrated back projection result is then applied to image the rupture of the 2002 Denali earthquake, revealing useful information about the rupture process.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
S. Marty, A. Schubnel, H. S. Bhat, J. Aubry, E. Fukuyama, S. Latour, S. Nielsen, R. Madariaga
Summary: In this study, the precursory acoustic emission (AE) activity during the nucleation of stick-slip instability is used to investigate foreshock occurrence prior to natural earthquakes. The results of three stick-slip experiments on Indian metagabbro samples show that AE activity increases towards failure and is driven by fault slip velocity. The AE foreshock sequences follow an inverse Omori type law, and the magnitude of AEs increases towards failure.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marcello Gori, Vito Rubino, Ares J. Rosakis, Nadia Lapusta
Summary: This study reveals that fast fluid injection rates lead to dynamic ruptures at lower pressure levels and smaller spatial scales, while slow injection rates result in gradual nucleation processes consistent with accelerating slow slip behaviors. The presence of fluids influences friction properties and pore-pressure increase rate needs to be considered in nucleation processes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Abeer Al-Dbass, Musarat Amina, Nawal M. Al Musayeib, Amira A. El-Anssary, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Rania Fahmy, Majd M. Alhamdan, Afaf El-Ansary
Summary: The study found that L. sativum seed extracts can improve cell viability in retinal ganglion cells under the excitotoxic effects of glutamate and act as an anti-excitotoxic and antioxidant agent that may improve the clinical presentation of various neurological disorders.
TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)