Journal
ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS
Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages 998-1002Publisher
KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS
DOI: 10.1007/s13391-015-5124-8
Keywords
ZnO; erbium; implantation; RBS and channeling; Hall-effect; ferromagnetism
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Funding
- Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand [C05x0802, C08x01206]
- New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE) [C05X0802] Funding Source: New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE)
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We report the structural, electrical and magnetic properties of erbium (Er) implanted zinc oxide (ZnO) single crystals. Rutherford backscattering and channeling results showed that the majority of Er atoms resided in Zn substitutional lattice sites. Annealing led to a fraction of Er atoms moving into random interstitial sites. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs revealed that doped Er atoms were located in the near-surface region, consistent with the results obtained from DYNAMIC-TRIM calculations. A non-linear Hall-voltage was observed near 100 K, which is associated with inhomogeneous transport in the material. The Er implanted and annealed ZnO exhibited persistent magnetic ordering to room temperature. Ferromagnetism was likely from the presence of intrinsic defects in ZnO, which mediates the magnetic ordering in Er implanted and annealed ZnO.
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