Review
Immunology
Weiyao Jing, Cui Liu, Chenghong Su, Limei Liu, Ping Chen, Xiangjun Li, Xinghua Zhang, Bo Yuan, Haidong Wang, Xiaozheng Du
Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage damage. The hypoxic microenvironment of RA joints can cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial damage, which upregulate inflammatory pathways and contribute to angiogenesis and bone destruction, thereby accelerating RA progression. This review highlights the effects of ROS accumulation and mitochondrial damage on inflammation, angiogenesis, and bone and cartilage damage in RA, as well as discusses therapeutic approaches targeting ROS or mitochondria to alleviate symptoms and the current gaps and controversies in research.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Peiman Zandi, Ewald Schnug
Summary: Environmental changes caused by anthropogenic activities have a significant impact on plants, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ultimately oxidative stress. Plants have developed defensive mechanisms, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, to scavenge excess ROS and maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Additionally, plant-microbe interactions have been found to improve immune systems in plants under stress. Understanding and studying these antioxidant systems and beneficial microbiome interactions in plants are important for plant survival and productivity.
Review
Plant Sciences
Dandan Huang, Guangqin Jing, Lili Zhang, Changbao Chen, Shuhua Zhu
Summary: NO, H2S, and ROS play essential signaling roles in cells through oxidative post-translational modification within suitable ranges of concentration to maintain redox balance and regulate DNA repair pathways, including mtDNA. The interactions among them are intricate, influencing their generation, elimination, and signaling actions. Additionally, NO and H2S may be involved in epigenetic variations in DNA damage repair of plants.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Senzhen Wang, Xiaojuan Xu, Delu Che, Ronghui Fan, Mengke Gao, Yue Cao, Chaochao Ge, Yongli Feng, Jinghua Li, Songqiang Xie, Chaojie Wang, Fujun Dai, Lei Gao, Yuxia Wang
Summary: The study confirmed that mitochondria are the main source of ROS induced by 6c, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and lysosomal destabilization. Moreover, ROS regulated the expression of 6c-mediated proteins, promoted the formation of autophagosomes, and caused DNA damage, ultimately resulting in cell death.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Salvatore Antonucci, Fabio Di Lisa, Nina Kaludercic
Summary: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) play a dual role in physiology, acting as second messengers while also potentially causing harm when their levels are not properly regulated. Maintaining a balance in mROS formation and elimination is crucial for normal physiological processes and preventing disease development.
Review
Physiology
Hasna Tirichen, Hasnaa Yaigoub, Weiwei Xu, Changxin Wu, Rongshan Li, Yafeng Li
Summary: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and oxidative stress (OS) result in oxidative damage to cellular components such as lipids, DNA, and proteins, contributing to kidney damage and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Giyeol Han, Dong Gun Lee
Summary: This study elucidates the antimicrobial action of urechistachykinin I derived from Urechis unicinctus against Vibrio vulnificus, which induces ferroptosis-like death through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Bin Jia, Xu Zheng, Mo-Li Wu, Xiao-Ting Tian, Xue Song, Yan-Na Liu, Pei-Nan Li, Jia Liu
Summary: The study found that resveratrol's effects on glioblastoma cells are closely related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. By activating the ROS-related mitochondrial signal pathway, resveratrol increased ROS production and induced oxidative damage in U251 cells, leading to apoptosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James H. Schofield, Zachary T. Schafer
Summary: The relationship between mitophagy and ROS production is complex and not fully understood. This review discusses mtROS generation and their detrimental effects on cellular viability, along with the cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. Furthermore, the prominent mechanisms governing mitophagy induction that bear on oxidative stress are explored.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Saumya Shukla, Deepti Chopra, Sunil Kumar Patel, Sandeep Negi, Ajeet K. Srivastav, Ch Ratnasekhar, Lakshmi Bala, Ashish Dwivedi, Ratan Singh Ray
Summary: This study investigated the photosensitization potential and mechanism of dermal phototoxicity of TAPS under UVA and UVB exposure. The findings suggest that TAPS generates superoxide anion radical under light exposure, leading to cellular apoptosis, which may pose hazards to human skin health.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chenbin Bian, Zhuangzhuang Zheng, Jing Su, Huanhuan Wang, Sitong Chang, Ying Xin, Xin Jiang
Summary: Radiotherapy failure and poor tumor prognosis are mainly caused by radioresistance. The relationship and mechanisms between mitochondrial metabolism and cancer radioresistance are not fully understood. However, mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating various biological reactions and influencing the radiation effects of malignancies. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial signaling pathways for the development of novel anticancer drugs holds promise.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valtteri Nieminen, Miina Juntunen, Jonne Naarala, Jukka Luukkonen
Summary: The study evaluated the effect of static or 50 Hz magnetic fields on the response of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. The results showed that static magnetic fields decreased DNA damage induced by doxorubicin, while 50 Hz magnetic fields increased cytosolic superoxide levels induced by doxorubicin.
BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hulya Gizem Ozkan, Vanrajsinh Thakor, Hong-Gui Xu, Galyna Bila, Rostyslav Bilyy, Daria Bida, Martin Boettcher, Dimitrios Mougiakakos, Rainer Tietze, Andriy Mokhir
Summary: Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and deficient mitochondria are weak points of cancer cells. Designing highly potent anticancer drugs that target both ROS and mitochondria is a valid therapeutic strategy. However, limiting the drug effects to cancer cells without affecting normal ones remains a challenge. In this study, we developed novel aminoferrocene derivatives that are chemically stable in the presence of ROS, generate mitochondrial ROS in cancer cells but not normal cells, and exhibit anticancer effects in vivo.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Miranda D. Chavez, Hubert M. Tse
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are associated with T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, and targeting metabolic pathways can inhibit autoreactive T cell activation. Increasing the requirements of Tregs for ROS and oxidative phosphorylation can promote self-tolerance and inhibit the activity of autoreactive T cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Anubhav Srivastava, Pransu Srivastava, Shashank Mathur, Suman Mishra, Sabiya Abbas, Amrit Gupta, Prabhaker Mishra, Meenakshi Tiwari, Lokendra Kumar Sharma
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in maternal blood and its association with circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during normal pregnancy. The results showed a decrease in cellular mtDNA content and an increase in plasma mtDNA content during normal pregnancy. Cellular mtDNA content was significantly lower in the third trimester compared to the first trimester, while plasma mtDNA content did not differ significantly among trimesters. Additionally, higher levels of plasma H2O2 were observed in the third trimester compared to non-pregnant and first trimester. The findings suggest that maternal adaptation during normal pregnancy involves a decrease in cellular mtDNA content and an increase in plasma mtDNA and H2O2 levels.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
C. F. M. Menck, R. S. Galhardo, A. Quinet
Summary: Studies have shown that xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) patients have mutations in the POLH gene, resulting in a high frequency of skin tumors. However, it is paradoxical that the translesion synthesis DNA polymerase eta (Pol η) in these patients can actually suppress mutations, and the mechanism behind this is still unclear. Recent evidence suggests that cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) play an instructional role for Pol η, enabling accurate replication of these lesions, and the mutagenic effects induced by UV radiation are caused by the deamination of C-containing CPDs. This process leads to C>T transitions, which are the most common mutations in skin cancers. The delayed replication in XP-V cells amplifies the deamination of C in CPDs and increases the burden of C>T mutations through the activity of backup TLS polymerases.
MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
(2024)
