Review
Plant Sciences
Paul H. Goodwin, Madison A. Best
Summary: Ginsenosides have been widely studied for their medicinal benefits and their role in ginseng plant biology. They play a crucial role in ginseng's defense against biotic stresses, providing antimicrobial, antifeedant, and allelopathic activities. Ginsenosides also have roles in ginseng development and abiotic stress tolerance.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Valentina Cecarini, Massimiliano Cuccioloni, Chunmei Gong, Ziqi Liu, Laura Bonfili, Mauro Angeletti, Simone Angeloni, Laura Alessandroni, Gianni Sagratini, Huimin Liu, Anna Maria Eleuteri
Summary: A study investigated the effect of a Panax ginseng extract and its major components on cholesterol homeostasis. It was found that these components reduced cholesterol levels by modulating signaling pathways, stimulated cholesterol excretion and conversion, and inhibited HMGCR activity via a statin-like mechanism.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rattanathorn Choonong, Supaluk Krittanai, Khunkhang Butdapheng, Thaweesak Juengwatanatrakul, Gorawit Yusakul, Tripetch Kanchanapoom, Waraporn Putalun
Summary: The study investigated the growth kinetics of adventitious root culture of E. harmandiana and the effect of various elicitors and precursors on the contents of bioactive compounds. It was found that the elicitors and precursor significantly increased the accumulation of quassinoids and canthin-6-ones, leading to stronger anti-inflammatory effects.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Horticulture
Xiaoxue Fang, Xinteng Zhou, Yuming Wang, Yuqi Wang, Huaying Wang
Summary: This study analyzed the ginsenosides content and transcriptome data of different ginseng cultivars, and found that the total ginsenosides content was higher in leaves compared to roots and stems. Furthermore, the content of total ginsenosides and individual monomers varied significantly among cultivars. The study also identified differentially alternative splicing genes (DASGs) and discovered that transcription factors (TFs) were highly correlated with the expression of ginsenosides synthesis genes. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of ginsenoside synthesis and offer potential for the development of natural medicines.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Mohammad Faisal Haidere, Yo Han Hong, Sang Hee Park, Jeong-Oog Lee, Jongsung Lee, Jae Youl Cho
Summary: Ginseng, as a traditional herb in Asian countries, has been used for thousands of years and contains a variety of active ingredients with numerous benefits, but further high-quality evidence is needed to prove its medicinal value.
JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Zhenjie Fan, Shuiming Xiao, Haoyu Hu, Pengfei Zhang, Jing Chao, Shuai Guo, Dianyun Hou, Jiang Xu
Summary: This study analysed the diversity and abundance of endophytic microbes in different organs of Panax ginseng using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the composition of endophytic microbes varied among the roots, stems, and leaves, with different dominant bacterial and fungal genera. The roots had the highest diversity of endophytic bacteria, while the stems had a higher abundance of Ochrobactrum bacteria and Coniothyrium and Cladosporium fungi. The study provides important insights into the endophytic microorganisms in ginseng.
ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Junjie Li, Yuan Yuan, Wen Jiang, Xueli Quan, Songquan Wu, Welin Wu
Summary: The study found that ABA is involved in the synthesis of ginsenosides Rg(1) and Re in PGARs under cold stress. ABA treatment efficiently promoted the accumulation of ginsenosides Rg(1) and Re in PGARs.
PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE
(2022)
Article
Horticulture
Hong Chen, Xiangzhu Li, Yongjun Zheng, Mingming Liu, Kangyu Wang
Summary: Panax ginseng, an ancient and potent herb, contains ginsenosides which contribute to its medicinal effects. Wild and cultivated ginseng has insufficient saponin content to meet market demand, but ginseng adventitious root suspension culture can produce targeted ginsenosides. The length of culture time impacts plant growth, secondary metabolite accumulation, and gene expression. Extraction and analysis revealed increased total saponins, protopanaxadiol ginsenosides (specifically Rd and Rb1), and gene changes related to ginsenoside biosynthesis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miguel Angel Alcalde, Edgar Perez-Matas, Ainoa Escrich, Rosa M. Cusido, Javier Palazon, Mercedes Bonfill
Summary: The aim of plant in vitro culture is to produce secondary plant metabolites, and root culture is an important biotechnological system for this purpose. Elicitors have been used to increase production by activating biosynthetic pathways. This review analyzes the application of biotic elicitors in adventitious and hairy root cultures from 2010 to 2022.
Article
Plant Sciences
Md. Jahirul Islam, Byeong Ryeol Ryu, Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad, Md. Hafizur Rahman, Md. Soyel Rana, Jung-Dae Lim, Young-Seok Lim
Summary: The study demonstrated that exogenously applied putrescine can enhance salt tolerance in Panax ginseng by promoting the accumulation of certain substances and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, the effects of putrescine on ginsenoside levels in ginseng vary depending on the type of ginsenosides and plant parts. These findings provide valuable insights for utilizing putrescine to modulate salt tolerance and ginsenoside content in ginseng sprouts.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xinyao Su, Qiang Xue, Mengchu Sun, Jiarou Liu, Ming Hung Wong, Caixia Wang, Shilin Chen
Summary: The study achieved co-production of polysaccharides, ginsenosides and succinic acid from Panax ginseng residue, demonstrating the potential economic value of this industrially feasible process through multi-step processing and transformation.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Zhiyong Wang, Zhen Zhang, Jiangang Liu, Mingdong Guo, Hao Li
Summary: Panax ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for thousands of years to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). It contains multiple active components, such as ginsenosides, polysaccharides, amino acids, volatile oils, and polyacetylenes, which have therapeutic effects in treating AD and VaD. Clinical and basic investigations have confirmed the effectiveness of ginseng-containing Chinese medicine compounds in treating AD and VaD.
JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Won Young Jang, Ji Yeon Hwang, Jae Youl Cho
Summary: NF-kappa B signaling pathways contribute to inflammation and immune cell differentiation, but uncontrolled stimulation leads to inflammatory diseases. Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng have shown therapeutic efficacy in alleviating NF-kappa B responses and may be effective in treating severe inflammatory diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Shuangfei Zhang, Chongran Sun, Xueduan Liu, Yili Liang
Summary: Bacterial endophytes in Ginkgo roots play a role in secondary metabolisms, plant growth, nutrient uptake, and systemic resistance. The diversity of these endophytes is underestimated due to the lack of successful isolates. Through enrichment using modified media, a culture collection of 455 unique bacterial isolates was obtained, representing 67 genera from five phyla. The enrichment improved the detection and isolation of certain bacterial taxa and revealed different metabolic functions compared to the root endosphere.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yongxia Guan, Jianwei Fan, Chenghong Sun, Yiqing Yang, Jianye Quan, Guimin Zhang, Na Guo
Summary: The study found that GRR affects the synthesis of ginsenosides in 20-year-old MCG, resulting in lower concentrations of key ginsenosides and differences in elemental composition.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Hao Wu, Chunyu Guo, Zhenhao Yin, Yue Quan, Chengri Yin
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yue Quan, Hao Wu, Chunyu Guo, Yu Han, Chengri Yin
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Hao Wu, Huayu Yan, Yue Quan, Huazhang Zhao, Nanzhe Jiang, Chengri Yin
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2018)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
To-Hung Tsui, Hao Wu, Bing Song, Shuang-Shuang Liu, Anuja Bhardwaj, Jonathan W. C. Wong
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Bing Song, Richen Lin, Chun Ho Lam, Hao Wu, To-Hung Tsui, Yun Yu
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the opportunities for biomass valorization through the combination of hydrothermal and biological techniques, reviews recent advances in treatment conditions and optimal performances, compares energy balance and economic feasibility of different integrated options, and concludes the challenges and perspectives for advancing complete biomass valorization using integrated hydrothermal and biological techniques.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mengyu Cai, Haoran Zhang, Yingchao Zhang, Hao Wu
Summary: Anaerobic digestion is an important method for food waste treatment and utilization. This study developed a landfill technology using a natural potential difference, which can assist in the treatment and energy recovery of food waste digestate. The technology improves organic matter removal and electrical energy recovery, prevents harmful substances accumulation, and ensures biosecurity.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yang Xu, Zhitao Bi, Yingchao Zhang, Hao Wu, Ling Zhou, Hongqiong Zhang
Summary: This study explored the effects of adding polyphenol-rich wine grape pomace (WGP) on composting process and microbial dynamics. The results showed that WGP effectively prolonged the thermophilic period, improved compost maturity, and nitrogen conservation. The addition of 40% WGP was optimal and resulted in improved humification and high germination index.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ming-Zhi Wei, Jin-Wei Liu, Qin-Zheng Yang, An Xue, Hao Wu, Jin-Ren Ni, Lea R. Winter, Menachem Elimelech, Hua-Zhang Zhao
Summary: The lack of electron donors in oxygen-rich aquatic environments limits the ability of natural denitrification to remove excess nitrate, leading to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. However, this study demonstrates that electron-rich substances in river or lake sediments can participate in long-distance electron rebalancing to reduce nitrate in the overlying water.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Caiyun Yang, Hao Wu, Mengyu Cai, Yanghongmiao Li, Chunyu Guo, Ying Han, Yingchao Zhang, Bing Song
Summary: The valorization and appropriate treatment of food waste digestate (FWD) is crucial for sustainable anaerobic digestion and circular economy. This study demonstrates that industrial FWD, a widely available feedstock, can be used to produce ash-biochar composites (ABCs) for efficient wastewater treatment. The obtained ABCs show a high adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB), and the mechanisms behind this adsorption involve the ash components providing an alkaline adsorption environment and the rearrangement of carbon structure strengthening the interaction between MB and ABC.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Caiyun Yang, Hao Wu, Mengyu Cai, Yuting Zhou, Chunyu Guo, Ying Han, Lu Zhang
Summary: Polymers from biomass waste can be converted to functional biochar materials via pyrolysis for various applications. The biochar derived from biological polymeric substances shows potential as an alternative electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. This review discusses the mechanisms and technologies for char formation from biomass waste and introduces energy storage mechanisms of supercapacitors, providing insights into the use of biological polymer-based char material for electrochemical energy storage. It also summarizes recent progress in biochar modification approaches to enhance the capacitance of biochar-derived supercapacitors.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mengyu Cai, Guihan Dong, Yuting Zhou, Caiyun Yang, Hao Wu, Chunyu Guo, Haoran Zhang, Ying Han
Summary: This study proposed co-composting of Chinese medicinal herbal residues and food waste digestate as a means to improve the maturation performance and investigated the evolution of antibiotic resistance genes. Results showed that the addition of Chinese medicinal herbal residues effectively accelerated the maturity of food waste digestate composting and removed its remaining antibiotics. However, it also led to the enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hao Wu, Mengxin Yang, To-Hung Tsui, Zhenxing Yin, Chengri Yin
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2020)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yue Quan, Hao Wu, Zhenhao Yin, Yingyu Fang, Chengri Yin
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiaolin Song, Hao Wu, Xuanchun Piao, Zhenhao Yin, Chengri Yin
ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2017)