Article
Food Science & Technology
Jessica Gil-Serna, Belen Patino, Carol Verheecke-Vaessen, Covadonga Vazquez, Angel Medina
Summary: The contamination of oats with Fusarium toxins, especially trichothecenes, poses a high risk for food safety. This study compared the species responsible for trichothecene contamination in oat samples from Spain and the UK and found a clear change in the distribution of these species. The results highlight the need to understand their ability to colonize oats and produce mycotoxins.
Article
Food Science & Technology
S. A. Palacios, A. Del Canto, J. Erazo, A. M. Torres
Summary: This study evaluated the aggressiveness of F. cerealis to durum wheat cultivars and mycotoxin production in planta, finding that all cultivars exhibited typical FHB symptoms and NIV was the most produced mycotoxin. Molecular analysis revealed all strains possessed NIV genotype, while chemical assessment showed they could produce various secondary metabolites. The increasing incidence of F. cerealis and the potential crop contamination with mycotoxins pose great concern for food security and world cereal trade, especially given the higher toxicity of NIV compared to DON.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Eimantas Venslovas, Audrone Mankeviciene, Yuliia Kochiieru, Sigita Janaviciene, Zenonas Dabkevicius, Vadims Bartkevics, Zane Berzina, Romans Pavlenko, Martin Gustavo Theumer, Jose Sebastian Dambolena
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of mycotoxin contamination in maize grains, and the results showed that there was a higher incidence of mycotoxin contamination in maize grains due to the increased occurrence of Ustilago maydis and Fusarium spp. at optimal and delayed harvest times. The study highlighted the importance of timely harvesting and pathogen management in mitigating mycotoxin contamination in maize grains.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marcin Bryla, Edyta Ksieniewicz-Wozniak, Dorota Michalowska, Agnieszka Waskiewicz, Tomoya Yoshinari, Romuald Gwiazdowski
Summary: The study examined the transformation of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and their glucosides during the malting process of grains from two wheat varieties. The conversion of the parent mycotoxin forms into their glucosides suggested xenobiotic detoxification reactions taking place. The sharp increase in DON concentration at the end of the malting process indicated high pathogen activity, showcasing the potential impact on malt quality.
Article
Mycology
Ida Karlsson, Eva Mellqvist, Paula Persson
Summary: The dynamics of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin contamination in Swedish cereals from 2004 to 2018 were analyzed. Different Fusarium species were associated with different mycotoxins, and clear differences in mycotoxin contamination were found between cereal crops and geographical regions. Delayed harvest was associated with increased levels of certain mycotoxins, but harvest date did not affect other mycotoxin levels. Timely harvest is important to reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination.
MYCOTOXIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Simon Schiwek, Mohammad Alhussein, Charlotte Rodemann, Tuvshinjargal Budragchaa, Lukas Beule, Andreas von Tiedemann, Petr Karlovsky
Summary: Fusarium culmorum, a major pathogen of grain crops, was found to produce a new trichothecene toxin, NX-2, along with other mycotoxins. This discovery is significant in understanding the toxin production in F. culmorum.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mohammed Sherif, Nadine Kirsch, Richard Splivallo, Katharina Pfohl, Petr Karlovsky
Summary: The interaction between Fusarium graminearum (FG) and Fusarium verticillioides (FV) in plants is influenced by mycotoxins. FG stimulates the growth of FV while FV suppresses the growth of FG. Fumonisins act as interference competition agents, while trichothecenes have no role in the interaction. FG stimulates FV growth by secreting hydrolases and may also affect plant defense. The biological function of fumonisin production in planta is to protect kernels shed on the ground before competitors become established.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mariana Pinheiro, Caio H. T. Iwase, Bruno G. Bertozzi, Elem T. S. Carames, Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz, Nadia C. Langaro, Eliana B. Furlong, Benedito Correa, Liliana O. Rocha
Summary: The study investigated fungal diversity and mycotoxin contamination in freshly harvested oat samples from Parana and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. Fusarium genus was predominant, with presence of type B trichothecenes. Oats from PR were mainly contaminated with DON, while those from RS were predominantly contaminated with NIV.
Article
Microbiology
Valentina Scarpino, Massimo Blandino
Summary: Enhancing FHB resistance in wheat is an effective method to reduce mycotoxin contamination. The study found that wheat genotypes with high deoxynivalenol tolerance can minimize sanitary risks, with the most FHB resistant genotypes showing the lowest contamination levels of various mycotoxins. An inverse relationship between deoxynivalenol amount and ratios of other mycotoxins was observed across all wheat cultivars and years.
Article
Microbiology
Jessica G. Erazo, Sofia A. Palacios, Nuria A. Veliz, Agostina Del Canto, Silvana Plem, Maria L. Ramirez, Adriana M. Torres
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of environmental factors on the growth and mycotoxin production of Fusarium cerealis strains, which is a causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight in wheat. Results showed that all strains were able to grow in a wide range of water activity and temperatures, but their mycotoxin production varied based on strain and environmental factors. High water activity and temperatures favored the production of nivalenol (NIV), while low water activity conditions were optimal for deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Interestingly, some strains were capable of producing both toxins simultaneously, increasing the risk of grain contamination.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jakub Pastuszak, Anna Szczerba, Michal Dziurka, Marta Hornyak, Przemyslaw Kopec, Marek Szklarczyk, Agnieszka Plazek
Summary: This study identified physiological or biochemical markers of durum wheat resistance to F. culmorum, helping to formulate a strategy for rapid evaluation of disease severity and selection of plants with higher level of resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yuyun He, Xiaoyao Yin, Jingjing Dong, Qing Yang, Yongning Wu, Zhiyong Gong
Summary: The study revealed that 3-ADON and 15-ADON induce DNA damage, inhibition of DNA replication, and cell cycle arrest in Caco-2 cells, possibly due to oxidative stress. Upregulation of genes like ATM and WEE1, and downregulation of genes like PCNA and MCMs, provide further insight into the toxic mechanism of these toxins.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Irene Teixido-Orries, Francisco Molino, Ferran Gatius, Vicente Sanchis, Sonia Marin
Summary: Oat and oat-based products have been found to contain increasing levels of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) has been used to determine mycotoxin content in cereals, but has not been applied to assess T-2 and HT-2 toxins. This study successfully utilized NIR-HSI to quantify T-2+HT-2 toxins in oat samples and achieved high classification accuracy.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tianqing Jiang, Xueying Qi, Ruqin Lin, Jun Jiang, Jikai Wen, Yiqun Deng
Summary: The T-2 toxin induces the formation of stress granules (SGs) while DON suppresses SG formation. SIRT1 co-localizes with SGs and regulates their formation by controlling the acetylation level of the SG nucleator G3BP1. The different effects of T-2 toxin and DON on SG formation are caused by changes in the activity of SIRT1.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Julie Meneely, Brett Greer, Oluwatobi Kolawole, Christopher Elliott
Summary: This review provides a concise assessment of the understanding of the toxicological effects, biosynthetic pathways, occurrence, and analytical methods of T-2 and HT-2. It highlights the incomplete understanding of the ecology and environmental factors affecting their growth and activation of biosynthetic genes.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kota Nakajima, Yuko Ito, Satomi Kikuchi, Hiromu Okano, Kazumi Takashima, Gye-Hyeong Woo, Toshinori Yoshida, Tomoya Yoshinori, Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi, Makoto Shibutani
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Noshin Daud, Valerie Currie, Gary Duncan, Mark Busman, Silvia W. Gratz
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION
(2020)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Silvia W. Gratz, Valerie Currie, Gary Duncan, Diane Jackson
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Edyta Ksieniewicz-Wozniak, Marcin Bryla, Agnieszka Waskiewicz, Tomoya Yoshinari, Krystyna Szymczyk
Article
Food Science & Technology
Takumi Okano, Naoki Kobayashi, Kazuki Izawa, Tomoya Yoshinari, Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alexandra M. Johnstone, Jennifer Kelly, Sheila Ryan, Reyna Romero-Gonzalez, Hannah McKinnon, Claire Fyfe, Erik Naslund, Ruben Lopez-Nicolas, Douwina Bosscher, Angela Bonnema, Carmen Frontela-Saseta, Gaspar Ros-Berruezo, Graham Horgan, Xiaolei Ze, Jo Harrold, Jason Halford, Silvia W. Gratz, Sylvia H. Duncan, Soraya Shirazi-Beechey, Harry J. Flint
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2020)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marcin Bryla, Edyta Ksieniewicz-Wozniak, Agnieszka Waskiewicz, Tomoya Yoshinari, Krystyna Szymczyk, Grazyna Podolska, Romuald Gwiazdowski, Krzysztof Kubiak
Article
Food Science & Technology
Noshin Daud, Valerie Currie, Gary Duncan, Freda Farquharson, Tomoya Yoshinari, Petra Louis, Silvia W. Gratz
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tomoya Yoshinari, Katsuhiko Hayashi, Shouhei Hirose, Kenji Ohya, Takahiro Ohnishi, Maiko Watanabe, Satoshi Taharaguchi, Hirohisa Mekata, Takahide Taniguchi, Takuya Maeda, Yuta Orihara, Rieko Kawamura, Sakura Arai, Yoshiro Saito, Yukihiro Goda, Yukiko Hara-Kudo
Summary: Researchers have developed a method based on MALDI-ToF MS for the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific peptides in nasopharyngeal swabs. This method involves simple purification steps and rapid detection, making it a reliable high-throughput diagnostic method for COVID-19.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Tomoya Yoshinari, Maiko Watanabe, Yukiko Hara-Kudo
Summary: Polyoxins can inhibit aflatoxin and fumonisin synthesis, effectively preventing the co-contamination of these mycotoxins in food.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tomoya Yoshinari, Aoi Sekine, Naoki Kobayashi, Yuzo Nishizaki, Naoki Sugimoto, Yukiko Hara-Kudo, Maiko Watanabe
Summary: This study used SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS to analyze the sources of 36 enzyme preparations (EPs), and found that 30 EPs had consistent sources with the manufacturer's information, 5 EPs showed high sequence similarity to closely-related species, and 6 enzymes could not be identified. This approach can rapidly determine the biological origin of enzymes and contribute to ensuring the safety of EPs.
FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shouhei Hirose, Kenji Ohya, Tomoya Yoshinari, Takahiro Ohnishi, Katsumi Mizukami, Tomikatsu Suzuki, Kenji Takinami, Takayoshi Suzuki, Kenichi Lee, Sunao Iyoda, Yukihiro Akeda, Yuichiro Yahata, Yuuki Tsuchihashi, Tomimasa Sunagawa, Yukiko Hara-Kudo
Summary: In June 2021, a foodborne outbreak related to milk cartons served in school lunches resulted in over 1,800 cases from 25 schools. The outbreak was primarily caused by a specific strain of Escherichia coli, serotype OUT (OgGp9):H18, which was isolated from milk samples and most patients. The strain showed similarities in genetic characteristics and acid tolerance to enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Hiromu Okano, Toshiya Okamura, Yasunori Takahashi, Kazumi Takashima, Ryota Ojiro, Qian Tang, Meilan Jin, Satomi Kikuchi, Bunichiro Ogawa, Toshinori Yoshida, Tomoya Yoshinari, Makoto Shibutani
Summary: In a 28-day study on the repeated oral dose toxicity of enniatin complex in mice, it was found that doses of 20 mg/kg/day did not show adverse effects, although there were slight reductions in food consumption for male mice in the 4 and 20 mg/kg groups, as well as for female mice in the 20 mg/kg group.
JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Atsutaka Kubosaki, Naoki Kobayashi, Maiko Watanabe, Tomoya Yoshinari, Kosuke Takatori, Yutaka Kikuchi, Yukiko Hara-Kudo, Jun Terajima, Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi
BIOCONTROL SCIENCE
(2020)