Journal
MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH
Volume 15, Issue 6, Pages 635-650Publisher
AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-16-0427
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Funding
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre at King's College London
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BRC at the Institute of Psychiatry
- King's College Hospital NHS Trust
- King's College London
- BBSRC [BB/N003853/1, BB/E005896/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/E005896/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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The current concepts and practice of cancer immunotherapy evolved from classical experiments that distinguished self from non-self and the finding that humoral immunity is complemented by cellular immunity. Elucidation of the biology underlying immune checkpoints and interactions between ligands and ligand receptors that govern the immune system's ability to recognize tumor cells as foreign has led to theemergence ofnewstrategies that mobilize the immune system to reverse this apparent tolerance. Some of these approaches have led to new therapies such as the use of mAbs to interfere with the immune checkpoint. Others have exploitedmolecular technologies to reengineer a subset of T cells to directly engage and kill tumor cells, particularly those of B-cell malignancies. However, before immunotherapy can become a more effective method of cancer care, there are many challenges that remain to be addressed and hurdles to overcome. Included are manipulation of tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance T effector cell infiltration and access to the tumor, augmentation of tumor MHC expression for adequate presentation of tumor associated antigens, regulation of cytokines and their potential adverse effects, and reduced risk of secondary malignancies as a consequence of mutations generated by the various forms of genetic engineering of immune cells. Despite these challenges, the future of immunotherapy as a standard anticancer therapy is encouraging. (C)2017 AACR.
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