Mitochondrial function in Muller cells - Does it matter?

Growing evidence suggests that mitochondria( dysfunction might play a key role in the pathogenesis of age related neurodegenerative inner retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Therefore, the present review provides a perspective on the impact of functional mitochondria in the most predominant glial cells of the retina, the Muller cells. Muller cells span the entire thickness of the neuroretina and are in close proximity to retinal cells including the retinal neurons that provides visual signaling to the brain. Among multiple functions, Muller cells are responsible for the removal of neurotransmitters, buffering potassium, and providing neurons with essential metabolites. Thus, Muller cells are responsible for a stable metabolic dialogue in the inner retina and their crucial role in supporting retinal neurons is indisputable. Muller cell functions require considerable energy production and previous literature has primarily emphasized glycolysis as the main energy provider. However, recent studies highlight the need of mitochondrial ATP production to upheld Muller cell functions. Therefore, the present review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on the impact of mitochondrial functions in Muller cells. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Mitochondria Research Society. All rights reserved.