Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Magdalena Maciejewska, Mariusz Sikora, Cezary Maciejewski, Rosanna Alda-Malicka, Joanna Czuwara, Lidia Rudnicka
Summary: Raynaud's phenomenon is a vascular condition that can be primary or secondary to other medical conditions. Systemic sclerosis is a common cause of secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Sevdalina Nikolova Lambova, Ekaterina Krasimirova Kurteva, Sanie Syuleymanova Dzhambazova, Georgi Hristov Vasilev, Dobroslav Stanimirov Kyurkchiev, Mariela Gencheva Geneva-Popova
Summary: In this pilot study involving 19 patients with SSc, a correlation between more advanced capillaroscopic changes and the presence of anti-Scl-70 autoantibodies was confirmed. Additionally, positive anti-RNAP III-155 antibodies were found in SSc patients with or without early microangiopathy.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter Klein-Weigel, Oliver Sander, Simone Reinhold, Jessica Nielitz, Julia Steindl, Jutta Richter
Summary: Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is characterized by vasospasm of the fingers or toes triggered by cold or emotional stressors. The most important diagnostic steps include demonstrating a tendency towards vasospasm, excluding occlusions, nail-fold capillaroscopy, and determining autoantibody status. The main treatment options are protection against cold and administration of calcium antagonists.
DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Saeedeh Shenavandeh, Mehrnoush Ajri, Sahand Hamidi
Summary: Capillaroscopy is a useful tool for distinguishing primary and secondary causes in patients with RP. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the causes of RP in a specific area and identify prognostic factors indicating a definite CTD or remaining a UCTD. The study found that the most prevalent causes of secondary RP were UCTD and SSc, and certain capillaroscopy and laboratory results could serve as predictive markers for the transition from UCTD to CTD.
Article
Immunology
Alice Cole, Rhys Thomas, Nina Goldman, Kevin Howell, Kuntal Chakravarty, Christopher P. Denton, Voon H. Ong
Summary: This article reports a case of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis in a 70-year-old male following COVID-19 vaccination. The authors suspect a possible adverse reaction to the vaccine resulting in an atypical presentation of systemic sclerosis. The article discusses the potential mechanisms of autoimmune reactions triggered by vaccination in rheumatology.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Adem Erturk, Ozgur Erogul, Murat Kasikci
Summary: This cross-sectional study compared the findings of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP), very early disease of systemic sclerosis (VEDOSS), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). OCT-A shows potential diagnostic value in differentiating patients with PRP from those with SSc and VEDOSS, and there is potential value in assessing prognostic roles.
Article
Rheumatology
Michael Hughes, Suiyuan Huang, John D. Pauling, Maya Sabbagh, Dinesh Khanna
Summary: This study examined the significance of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) with digital colour change and its symptoms, as well as persistent colour change in between attacks. The results showed that patients with persistent colour change were more likely to have vascular complications of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and be treated with vascular therapies.
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Nancy Maltez, Michael Hughes, Edith Brown, Virginia Hickey, Heiyoung Park, Beverley Shea, Ariane L. Herrick, John D. Pauling, Susanna Proudman, Peter A. Merkel
Summary: When studying RP and DUs, it is important to use outcome measures that fully evaluate their complexities. The OMERACT Vascular Disease in SSc Working Group is identifying core disease domains that encompass the full burden of SSc-related RP and DUs.
SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM
(2021)
Review
Rheumatology
Ariane L. Herrick, Michael Berks, Chris J. Taylor
Summary: This review examines the potential and challenges of quantitative nailfold capillaroscopy, particularly in the context of systemic sclerosis. It highlights the importance of quantitative analysis for precise discrimination between normal and abnormal capillaries and reliable measurement of disease progression and treatment response. Suggestions for future steps include increased utilization of this technique in clinical practice and its potential as a biomarker in large-scale prospective research studies.
Article
Rheumatology
Silvia Bellando-Randone, Francesco Del Galdo, Gemma Lepri, Tunde Minier, Doerte Huscher, Daniel E. Furst, Yannick Allanore, Oliver Distler, Laszlo Czirjak, Cosimo Bruni, Serena Guiducci, Jerome Avouac, Maurizio Cutolo, Vanessa Smith, Marco Matucci-Cerinic
Summary: The study aimed to determine the clinical value of the VEDOSS criteria in identifying patients with Raynaud's phenomenon who progress to systemic sclerosis within 5 years. The absence of antinuclear antibodies is a strong protective factor against developing systemic sclerosis, while the presence of one or two VEDOSS criteria in Raynaud's phenomenon patients indicates a progressively higher risk over time.
LANCET RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Maddalena Sirufo, Lina Maria Magnanimi, Lia Ginaldi, Massimo De Martinis
Summary: Raynaud's phenomenon is a common clinical finding that can be distinguished using nailfold videocapillaroscopy. However, the variety of nomenclature and the presence of non specific vascular changes make it difficult to differentiate different types of Raynaud's phenomenon.
CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Kai Wang, Wanzhou Wang, Lei Lei, Yang Lan, Qisijing Liu, Lihua Ren, Shaowei Wu
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing epidemiological research to examine the associations between ambient air pollution and coagulation biomarkers. The results showed that short-term exposures to PM2.5 and O3 were associated with significant increases in coagulation biomarkers.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Rossella De Angelis, Valeria Riccieri, Edoardo Cipolletta, Nicoletta Del Papa, Francesca Ingegnoli, Silvia Bosello, Amelia Spinella, Greta Pellegrino, Marco de Pinto, Silvia Papa, Giuseppe Armentaro, Dilia Giuggioli
Summary: Nailfold videocapillaroscopy findings were compared in SSc patients with and without a diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The results showed that patients with SSc-PAH had more severe abnormalities in nailfold videocapillaroscopy. These findings may be helpful in predicting the diagnosis of PAH.
Article
Rheumatology
Sabrina Hoa, Selma Lazizi, Murray Baron, Mianbo Wang, Marvin J. Fritzler, Marie Hudson
Summary: There is an association between cancer and specific autoantibodies in SSc patients, with increased cancer risk in patients positive for anti-topoisomerase I and anti-U1-RNP antibodies. However, synchronous cancer is rare in this cohort of Canadian SSc patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Saskia Corine van de Zande, Amaal Eman Abdulle, Yehya Al-Adwi, Alja Stel, Karina de Leeuw, Elisabeth Brouwer, Suzanne Arends, Christiaan Tji Gan, Harry van Goor, Douwe Johannes Mulder
Summary: Puffy fingers and Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) are significant predictors of the development of systemic sclerosis (SSc). This study found that the prevalence of SSc-related symptoms is higher in individuals with RP compared to those without RP. In addition, individuals with RP are more likely to have pulmonary symptoms, but skin autofluorescence (SAF) is not a marker for early detection of SSc.
Article
Rheumatology
Karin Melsens, Maurizio Cutolo, Dieneke Schonenberg-Meinema, Ivan Foeldvari, Maria C. Leone, Yora Mostmans, Valerie Badot, Rolando Cimaz, Joke Dehoorne, Ellen Deschepper, Tracy Frech, Johanna Hernandez-Zapata, Francesca Ingegnoli, Archana Khan, Dorota Krasowska, Hartwig Lehmann, Ashima Makol, Miguel A. Mesa-Navas, Malgorzata Michalska-Jakubus, Ulf Muller-Ladner, Laura Nuno-Nuno, Rebecca Overbury, Carmen Pizzorni, Mislav Radic, Divya Ramadoss, Angelo Ravelli, Silvia Rosina, Clara Udaondo, Merlijn J. van den Berg, Ariane L. Herrick, Alberto Sulli, Vanessa Smith
Summary: This study aimed to standardly assess and describe nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) assessment in children and adolescents with juvenile rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (jRMD) vs healthy controls (HCs). The results showed significant differences in NVC assessment between jRMD subgroups and HCs.
Letter
Hematology
Carla Valsecchi, Roberta Gualtierotti, Sara Arcudi, Alessandro Ciavarella, Lucia Schiavone, Cristina Novembrino, Simona Maria Siboni, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Flora Peyvandi
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Angela Flavia Luppino, Gilberto Cincinelli, Annalisa Orenti, Patrizia Boracchi, Ennio Giulio Favalli, Roberto Caporali, Francesca Ingegnoli
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of different patterns of healthcare delivery on remission of RA patients treated with targeted therapies during the pandemic. The results showed that the different healthcare delivery strategies did not significantly affect the remission rate of RA patients, including difficult-to-treat patients.
JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Carlo Alberto Maronese, Silvia Mariel Ferrucci, Chiara Moltrasio, Maurizio Lorini, Vincenzo Carbonelli, Riccardo Asero, Angelo Valerio Marzano, Massimo Cugno
Summary: This study investigated potential predictors of response to omalizumab in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). It was found that CSU patients had higher levels of anti-Fc epsilon RI IgE autoantibodies, and the co-occurrence of anti-Fc epsilon RI IgG and IgE autoantibodies was associated with a poorer response to omalizumab.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Hematology
Massimo Cugno, Ilaria Mancini, Dario Consonni, Valentina De Zan, Gianluigi Ardissino, Samantha Grifini, Elena Grovetti, Luigi Porcaro, Barbara Ferrari, Andrea Artoni, Flora Peyvandi
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Riccardo Asero, Silvia Mariel Ferrucci, Paolo Calzari, Dario Consonni, Massimo Cugno
Summary: The response to omalizumab in severe chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) depends on the autoimmune or autoallergic endotype, but the role of thyroid autoimmunity in predicting the response is unclear. In this study, 385 patients with CSU were investigated, and it was found that thyroid autoimmunity was not associated with omalizumab response. However, total IgE levels showed a strong positive association with response, particularly in early responders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Roberta De Vito, Federica Fiori, Monica Ferraroni, Silvia Cavalli, Roberto Caporali, Francesca Ingegnoli, Maria Parpinel, Valeria Edefonti
Summary: A recent Italian study found that higher consumption of olive oil and nuts may have a positive effect on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially for patients with more severe or long-standing forms of the disease. Increasing intake of olive oil, olives, and nuts may be beneficial for improving disease activity in RA.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Roberta E. Gualtierotti, Sharon Fox, Fernanda Da Silva Lameira, Andrea Giachi, Luca Valenti, Maria Orietta Borghi, Pier Luigi Meroni, Massimo Cugno, Flora Peyvandi
Summary: Nailfold videocapillaroscopic alterations were observed in COVID-19 patients, and these alterations were correlated with biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial perturbation. Nailfold histopathology analysis revealed microvascular damage and microthrombi in some cases. These findings suggest the possibility of non-invasively demonstrating microangiopathy in COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Rossella De Angelis, Clodoveo Ferri, Dilia Giuggioli, Gianluigi Bajocchi, Lorenzo Dagna, Silvia Bellando-Randone, Giovanni Zanframundo, Rosario Foti, Fabio Cacciapaglia, Giovanna Cuomo, Alarico Ariani, Edoardo Rosato, Gemma Lepri, Francesco Girelli, Valeria Riccieri, Elisabetta Zanatta, Silvia Laura Bosello, Ilaria Cavazzana, Francesca Ingegnoli, Maria De Santis, Giuseppe Murdaca, Giuseppina Abignano, Nicoletta Romeo, Alessandra Della Rossa, Maurizio Caminiti, Anna Maria Iuliano, Giovanni Ciano, Lorenzo Beretta, Gianluca Bagnato, Ennio Lubrano, Ilenia De Andres, Alessandro Giollo, Marta Saracco, Cecilia Agnes, Edoardo Cipolletta, Federica Lumetti, Amelia Spinella, Luca Magnani, Corrado Campochiaro, Giacomo De Luca, Veronica Codullo, Elisa Visalli, Claudio Di Vico, Antonietta Gigante, Greta Pellagrino, Erika Pigatto, Maria-Grazia Lazzaroni, Franco Franceschini, Elena Generali, Gianna Mennillo, Simone Barsotti, Giuseppa Pagano Mariano, Federica Furini, Licia Vultaggio, Simone Parisi, Clara Lisa Peroni, Davide Rozza, Anna Zanetti, Greta Carrara, Gianpiero Landolfi, Carlo Alberto Scire, Gerolamo Bianchi, Enrico Fusaro, Gian Domenico Sebastiani, Marcello Govoni, Salvatore D'Angelo, Franco Cozzi, Serena Guiducci, Andrea Doria, Carlo Salvarani, Florenzo Iannone, Marco Matucci-Cerinic
Summary: This study aimed to describe the demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma (ssSSc) within a large SSc cohort. The results showed that ssSSc has longer duration of RP, milder disease course, and higher positivity of anticentromere antibodies compared to lcSSc and dcSSc.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Pia Adorni, Bianca Papotti, Maria Orietta Borghi, Elena Raschi, Francesca Zimetti, Franco Bernini, Pier Luigi Meroni, Nicoletta Ronda
Summary: This study investigates the direct effects of tofacitinib on macrophage cholesterol metabolism, finding that it can increase cholesterol efflux, decrease cholesterol uptake and synthesis, and have a favorable impact on macrophage cholesterol metabolism. These findings are important for understanding the impact of tofacitinib on cardiovascular risk.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Rossella De Angelis, Valeria Riccieri, Edoardo Cipolletta, Nicoletta Del Papa, Francesca Ingegnoli, Silvia Bosello, Amelia Spinella, Greta Pellegrino, Marco de Pinto, Silvia Papa, Giuseppe Armentaro, Dilia Giuggioli
Summary: Nailfold videocapillaroscopy findings were compared in SSc patients with and without a diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The results showed that patients with SSc-PAH had more severe abnormalities in nailfold videocapillaroscopy. These findings may be helpful in predicting the diagnosis of PAH.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Roberta De Vito, Maria Parpinel, Michela Carola Speciani, Federica Fiori, Rachele Bianco, Roberto Caporali, Francesca Ingegnoli, Isabella Scotti, Tommaso Schioppo, Tania Ubiali, Maurizio Cutolo, Giuseppe Grosso, Monica Ferraroni, Valeria Edefonti
Summary: Through a recent cross-sectional study in Italy, we found that consuming half a pizza more than once a week had beneficial effects on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, with significant reductions in disease severity. Mozzarella cheese and olive oil, among the pizza-related food items, showed particularly beneficial effects in patients with more severe RA. Future cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elena Anna Boccalandro, Samantha Pasca, Valentina Begnozzi, Roberta Gualtierotti, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Summary: Hemophilia is an inherited hemorrhagic disorder that causes bleeding in muscles and joints. The most commonly affected joints are ankles, knees, and elbows, followed by shoulders and hips. Pharmacological prophylaxis with factor replacement therapies or non-replacement drugs can reduce musculoskeletal hemorrhages, but observing and restoring the child's motion patterns is crucial in preventing subclinical bleeding and the progression of hemophilic arthropathy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jingting Yao, Justin D. Sprick, Jinhee Jeong, Jeanie Park, David A. Reiter
Summary: This study used time-frequency spectral analysis of resting near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signals to evaluate the regulation of peripheral microvascular perfusion in CKD patients. The findings suggest that CKD patients have impaired neurogenic and endothelial functions, which may be associated with increased sympathetic activity and reduced endothelial function in CKD.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Yoh Sugawara, Yusuke Mizuno, Shinya Oku, Yuri Sawada, Takahisa Goto
Summary: This study investigated the role of Protein kinase D (PKD) in aortic contraction and hemodynamics, finding that PKD1 plays a crucial role in these processes through phosphorylation of MYPT1 and actin polymerization in a calcium-independent manner.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Xuenan Zhuang, Guiqin He, Yunkao Zeng, Miaoling Li, Yongyue Su, Xuelin Chen, Yining Zhang, Yuhong Gan, Feng Wen, Xiongze Zhang
Summary: This study assessed the impact of acute, heavy alcohol consumption on the ocular microvasculature. The findings suggest that excessive alcohol consumption leads to vasoconstriction in ocular arterioles and vasodilation in capillaries, particularly evident 1-hour post-consumption.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Ayuki Nakano, Akane Morita, Shiho Arima, Tohru Nagamitsu, Tsutomu Nakahara
Summary: This study examines the preventative and therapeutic effects of inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) on abnormal retinal blood vessels in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The results suggest that mTORC1 activation in proliferating endothelial cells contributes to the appearance and progression of ROP-like retinal blood vessels. Inhibition of mTORC1 may be a promising approach for selectively targeting abnormal retinal blood vessels in ROP.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Bing Wang, Xiaohong Song, Xu Zhang, Yuan Li, Mengting Xu, Xueting Liu, Bingwei Li, Sunjing Fu, Hao Ling, Yingyu Wang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Ailing Li, Mingming Liu
Summary: This study found that glycine supplementation can improve pancreatic microcirculation in T1DM mice and reverse the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, glycine supplementation also alleviates damage to pancreatic islet and vascular tissues, suggesting a potential therapeutic effect for T1DM.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Merve Erkisa Genel, Kaan Adacan, Selin Selvi, Deniz Erol Kutucu, Ayca Uvez, Elif Ilkay Armutak, Abdurrahman Sengul, Engin Ulukaya, Ebru Gurel Gurevin
Summary: This study investigated the anti-growth/cytotoxic effect of a dinuclear Pd(II) complex on breast cancer cell lines and confirmed its anti-migration and antiangiogenic properties. The results suggest the potential of this complex in the treatment of breast cancer.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Cedric Mueller, Christoph Hauser, Justin Carrard, Konstantin Gugleta, Timo Hinrichs, Arno Schmidt-Trucksass, Henner Hanssen, Lukas Streese
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the differences in microvascular health between normotensive individuals and patients with arterial hypertension and to assess the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on microvascular health in patients with arterial hypertension. The study found that short-term HIIT can ameliorate hypertension-induced retinal microvascular abnormalities in patients with arterial hypertension.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Yuyang Hou, Wenjing Du, Qiong Wu, Xinyu Chai, Yinan Wang, Yingqian Mi, Yuan Tian, Mengyan Tang, Jun Li, Dongmei Yan
Summary: This study identified a prognostic signature consisting of four genes in bladder cancer patients and utilized angiogenesis-related genes and molecular subtypes to construct this signature, which could help predict survival outcomes. The study also evaluated immune cell infiltration and predicted chemotherapeutic responses, confirming the effectiveness of this prognostic signature.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Sean D. Mcgarry, Cynthia Adjekukor, Suchit Ahuja, Jasper Greysson-Wong, Idy Vien, Kristina D. Rinker, Sarah J. Childs
Summary: The article introduces a software tool called Vessel Metrics for analyzing developmental vascular microscopy images, which can expedite the analysis process and ensure consistency between research groups. The tool includes a segmentation algorithm that accurately quantifies different image types and has been validated in zebrafish and mouse models.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Y. P. Latul, C. Ince, N. E. van Trommel, A. van den Brandhof-van den Berg, J. P. W. R. Roovers, A. W. Kastelein
Summary: This study evaluated the real-time detection capability of handheld vital microscopy (HVM) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer (CC). The results showed that HVM enables easy, real-time, and non-invasive assessment of cervical lesions through the detection of microvascular alterations. This method has the potential to be used for point-of-care screening, reducing unnecessary surgical interventions.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Zhifei Liu, Jieqiong Zhang, Xue Li, Qiumei Hu, Xi Chen, Linlin Luo, Liqianyu Ai, Jian Ye
Summary: The study revealed that astrocytic YAP can alleviate retinal pathological angiogenesis by inhibiting overactivation of astrocytes, thereby suppressing excessive VEGF-A production and neuroinflammation.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Robert G. Hahn
Summary: The fast-exchange interstitial fluid compartment is directly connected to the circulating blood, while the slow-exchange compartment is not.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Nadia Hamjane, Mohcine Bennani Mechita, Naima Ghailani Nourouti, Amina Barakat
Summary: Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation is a major mechanism linking gut microbiota dysbiosis to obesity-associated metabolic complications.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Guangzhen Zhou, Yan Gao, Yanbin Shi, Shengnan Qiu, Guimei Lin, Xinbing Ding, Wenguang Wang, Yihua Feng, Fei Wang, Jinwei Qiao
Summary: This study utilized an in vitro biomimetic experimental system to investigate the transvascular transport of nano-preparations, and found that the pressure gradient between vascular fluid pressure and interstitial fluid pressure determines the existence of the enhanced penetration and retention effect of nanopreparations.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Kenji Chamoto, Barry C. Gibney, Willi L. Wagner, Maximilian Ackermann, Hassan A. Khalil, Steven J. Mentzer
Summary: In the study, the process of angiogenesis in adult regenerating tissue was investigated by grafting portions of the regenerating lung onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane. The results showed peri-graft angiogenesis, particularly in the cardiac lobe. Functional vascular connections were observed between the cardiac lobe and the chick chorioallantoic membrane vascular network. Elevated gene expression levels were found in the cardiac lobe compared to other lobes.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2024)