Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gracia Fahed, Laurence Aoun, Morgan Bou Zerdan, Sabine Allam, Maroun Bou Zerdan, Youssef Bouferraa, Hazem I. Assi
Summary: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic dysregulations associated with insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation. If left untreated, it significantly increases the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, many aspects of Metabolic syndrome are still not completely understood, and many questions remain unanswered. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical background, epidemiology, histopathology, pathophysiology, management, and prevention of Metabolic syndrome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lars Lind, Samira Salihovic, Johan Sundstrom, Solve Elmstahl, Ulf Hammar, Koen Dekkers, Johan Arnlov, J. Gustav Smith, Gunnar Engstrom, Tove Fall
Summary: This study compared the plasma metabolome in obese subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS) to normal-weight subjects without MetS. The results showed significant differences in metabolite profiles between obese and normal-weight individuals without MetS, with a gradual deterioration in metabolite profile from lean to obese to MetS. The pathways highlighted in this study, such as amino acid synthesis/metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism, may play a role in this metabolic deterioration, with insulin resistance as a potential mediator.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bashir Ahmad Laway, Mohammad Salem Baba
Summary: Sheehan syndrome caused by postpartum hemorrhage leads to pituitary hormone deficiency, resulting in various abnormalities including lipid and glucose abnormalities, increased body fat, insulin resistance, coagulation abnormalities, increased leptin concentration, low-grade inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Replacement with growth hormone in addition to standard hormone replacement improves the cardiometabolic profile of patients with Sheehan syndrome.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hiroki Nishikawa, Akira Asai, Shinya Fukunishi, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Kazuhide Higuchi
Summary: Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in insulin-induced glucose metabolism, with muscle loss and intramuscular fat accumulation closely linked. Skeletal muscle loss and fat accumulation are associated with various pathologies through factors such as oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and inactivity. The relationship between Metabolic Syndrome (Met-S) and sarcopenia is attracting attention, with persistent inflammation, fat deposition, and insulin resistance thought to play important roles in their association.
Review
Cell Biology
Richa Pant, Priyanka Firmal, Vibhuti Kumar Shah, Aftab Alam, Samit Chattopadhyay
Summary: Obesity is a major public health concern characterized by an increase in adipose tissue mass, which can lead to impaired metabolic health and even influence cancer progression. Dysfunction in adipocyte function is influenced by genetics and environmental factors, affecting gene expression and onset of obesity. Understanding the complexities of adipogenesis is crucial for recognizing disease conditions and identifying therapeutic interventions.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
George E. Zakynthinos, Vasiliki Tsolaki, Evangelos Oikonomou, Manolis Vavouranakis, Gerasimos Siasos, Epaminondas Zakynthinos
Summary: Metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation are closely related, as metabolic syndrome affects the left atrium in multiple ways, leading to the progression of atrial fibrillation. A holistic treatment approach can improve patient outcomes.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jose Ignacio Ramirez-Manent, Andres Martinez Jover, Caroline Silveira Martinez, Pilar Tomas-Gil, Pau Marti-Lliteras, Angel Arturo Lopez-Gonzalez
Summary: Metabolic syndrome (Met-S) is a significant health problem associated with insulin resistance (IR). This study aims to assess the relationship between different insulin resistance risk scales and Met-S and identify the components of Met-S that contribute most to IR. The results demonstrate that insulin resistance risk scales can accurately classify individuals with Met-S, particularly when using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, and waist circumference is the key factor associated with both IR and Met-S.
Review
Immunology
Yan Hao, Ya-juan Zhu, Song Zou, Pei Zhou, Ya-wen Hu, Qi-xiang Zhao, Lin-na Gu, Hao-zhou Zhang, Zhen Wang, Jiong Li
Summary: The association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome involves various mechanisms including endoplasmic reticulum stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine releases, excess production of reactive oxygen species, alterations in adipocytokine levels, and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marietta Rottenkolber, Christina Gar, Cornelia Then, Lorena Wanger, Vanessa Sacco, Friederike Banning, Anne L. Potzel, Stefanie Kern-Matschilles, Claudia Nevinny-Stickel-Hinzpeter, Harald Grallert, Nina Hesse, Jochen Seissler, Andreas Lechner
Summary: This study re-evaluated the prevailing hypothesis that metabolic syndrome components are central to all cases of T2DM. Results showed that a significant proportion of T2DM cases did not display any components of metabolic syndrome, indicating the existence of a second, unrelated pathophysiology.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nils B. Kroemer
Summary: As most studies have mainly focused on the effects of insulin in the brain on men, there is limited understanding of metabolic changes during the menstrual cycle in women. Hummel et al. found that insulin sensitivity is reduced during the luteal phase through intranasal insulin administration and functional MRI.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jose E. Galgani, Rodrigo Fernandez-Verdejo
Summary: Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are oxidized to produce ATP for energy, and the complex adaptive systems in the body adjust fuel oxidation rates based on fuel availability. Metabolic flexibility refers to the ability of cells, tissues, or organisms to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability, which can be impaired in conditions like insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. Mitochondrial dysfunction in these conditions has been linked to metabolic inflexibility and overall metabolic health.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Archana Arjunan, Juhyun Song
Summary: Dementia is a detrimental neuropathologic condition that has significant physical, mental, social, and financial impacts on patients and society. Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of diseases that increase the risk of neurological diseases, have a higher likelihood of developing dementia. The synthesis and release of adipokines and myokines, hormones found in muscle and adipose tissue, may be implicated in various MetS conditions, but their precise role is still unclear. This review explores the involvement of adipokines and myokines in MetS-induced dementia through their regulation of glucose and insulin homeostasis, neuro-inflammation, vascular dysfunction, emotional changes, and cognitive function.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Vincenza Frisardi, Carmela Matrone, Maria Elisabeth Street
Summary: Metabolic syndrome is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, with defects in the autophagy machinery playing a role in its dysfunction; there is a mutual regulation between autophagy and MetS, with the HMGB1 protein playing a key role in this interaction.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Marcin Gierach, Anna Rasmus, Edyta Orlowska
Summary: MetS patients performed worse in verbal fluency tests, possibly influenced by metabolic factors, especially in phonetic verbal fluency which is associated with the frontal cortex. Lower switching indicates possible executive dysfunctions, highlighting the need to focus on patients with MetS in therapy and improve their metabolic components to enhance cognitive function.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jin Yu, Yulai Zhou, Jie Ding, Danying Zhang, Chaoqin Yu, Hefeng Huang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the metabolic characteristics of overweight women with PCOS and analyze the possible mechanisms. The results showed that overweight PCOS patients were prone to hypertension, diabetes, low gonadal levels, and insulin resistance. Inflammatory cytokines CXCL12/SDF-1, Serpin E1/PAI-1, and MIF were predicted to play a crucial role in inducing insulin resistance in overweight PCOS through various biological functions and signal transductions.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)