Review
Oncology
Vicky Mengfei Qin, Criselle D'Souza, Paul J. Neeson, Joe Jiang Zhu
Summary: Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are engineered molecules that can recognize specific antigens and induce downstream signaling, primarily used in CAR-T cells to target and kill tumor cells. While CAR-T cell therapy has shown success in treating hematologic malignancies, current research is focusing on extending CAR technology to other immune cells for potential applications in solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. CAR technology is a powerful platform in immunotherapy with diverse applications beyond conventional CAR-T cells.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Javad Masoumi, Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Jalal Abdolalizadeh, Haroon Khan, Jeandet Philippe, Hamed Mirzaei, Hamid Reza Mirzaei
Summary: CSCs are cells with self-renewal ability that initiate tumors and are potential targets for novel anticancer therapeutic agents. CAR-T cells, engineered T cells expressing an artificial receptor specific for TAAs, have shown higher efficiency in cancer treatment by accurately targeting and killing cancer cells.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Ilse Gille, Frans H. J. Claas, Geert W. Haasnoot, Mirjam H. M. Heemskerk, Sebastiaan Heidt
Summary: Solid organ transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage diseases, but the need for immunosuppression can lead to serious side effects. CAR Treg therapy, specifically with HLA-A2 CAR Tregs, shows potential in promoting transplantation tolerance and improving graft survival.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Taewoong Choi, Yubin Kang
Summary: Although treatment outcomes for multiple myeloma patients have greatly improved in the past two decades, the disease remains incurable. New immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, have emerged to treat multiple myeloma. This article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical efficacy, safety, and potential resistance mechanisms of current myeloma CAR-T therapies, with a focus on B Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) as the most successful target. The article also discusses novel strategies to enhance the effectiveness of myeloma CAR-T therapy.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonio Nenna, Myriam Carpenito, Camilla Chello, Pierluigi Nappi, Ombretta Annibali, Bruno Vincenzi, Francesco Grigioni, Massimo Chello, Francesco Nappi
Summary: CAR-T therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but it also carries the risk of cardiotoxicity. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improve outcomes and reduce cardiovascular complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Regina M. Myers, Yimei Li, Allison Barz Leahy, David M. Barrett, David T. Teachey, Colleen Callahan, Christina C. Fasano, Susan R. Rheingold, Amanda DiNofia, Lisa Wray, Richard Aplenc, Diane Baniewicz, Hongyan Liu, Pamela A. Shaw, Edward Pequignot, Kelly D. Getz, Jennifer L. Brogdon, Andrew D. Fesnak, Donald L. Siegel, Megan M. Davis, Chelsie Bartoszek, Simon F. Lacey, Elizabeth O. Hexner, Anne Chew, Gerald B. Wertheim, Bruce L. Levine, Carl H. June, Stephan A. Grupp, Shannon L. Maude
Summary: In this study, huCART19 demonstrated high overall response rates in children and young adults with relapsed or refractory B-ALL, reaching 98% in the CAR-naive cohort and 100% in B-ALL patients. Despite common adverse events such as neurologic toxicities and cytokine release syndrome, these were mostly fully resolved, indicating durable remissions with long-term persistence achieved by huCART19.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiqin Zhang, Yongxian Hu, Jiaxuan Yang, Wei Li, Mingming Zhang, Qingcan Wang, Linjie Zhang, Guoqing Wei, Yue Tian, Kui Zhao, Ang Chen, Binghe Tan, Jiazhen Cui, Deqi Li, Yi Li, Yalei Qi, Dongrui Wang, Yuxuan Wu, Dali Li, Bing Du, Mingyao Liu, He Huang
Summary: A two-in-one approach to generate non-viral, gene-specific targeted CAR-T cells through CRISPR-Cas9 was successfully developed, demonstrating feasibility and efficacy in a preclinical study. An innovative type of anti-CD19 CAR-T cell with PD1 integration showed superior ability to eradicate tumor cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sachiko Hirobe, Keisuke Imaeda, Masashi Tachibana, Naoki Okada
Summary: In this study, we investigated the effects of disulphide bonding and glycosylation on the function of CAR-expressing T cells. We found that disulphide bonds and N-linked glycosylation influenced CAR expression and CAR-T cell activity, providing insights for future CAR design.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Aparicio, Marina Belver, Lucia Enriquez, Francisco Espeso, Lucia Nunez, Ana Sanchez, Miguel angel de la Fuente, Margarita Gonzalez-Vallinas
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a major global public health issue, and CAR-T cell therapy shows promise as a cancer treatment, but faces challenges in achieving success in solid tumors like colon cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sham Mailankody, Sean M. M. Devlin, Jonathan Landa, Karthik Nath, Claudia Diamonte, Elizabeth J. J. Carstens, Douglas Russo, Romany Auclair, Lisa Fitzgerald, Briana Cadzin, Xiuyan Wang, Devanjan Sikder, Brigitte Senechal, Vladimir P. P. Bermudez, Terence J. J. Purdon, Kinga Hosszu, Devin P. P. McAvoy, Tasmin Farzana, Elena Mead, Jessica A. A. Wilcox, Bianca D. D. Santomasso, Gunjan L. L. Shah, Urvi A. A. Shah, Neha Korde, Alexander Lesokhin, Carlyn R. R. Tan, Malin Hultcrantz, Hani Hassoun, Mikhail Roshal, Filiz Sen, Ahmet Dogan, Ola Landgren, Sergio A. A. Giralt, Jae H. H. Park, Saad Z. Z. Usmani, Isabelle Riviere, Renier J. J. Brentjens, Eric L. L. Smith
Summary: The study demonstrates that GPRC5D is an active immunotherapeutic target in multiple myeloma, and GPRC5D-targeted CAR T-cell therapy shows promising efficacy in heavily pretreated patients, including those who relapsed after BCMA CAR T-cell therapy.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Giuseppe Schepisi, Caterina Gianni, Maria Concetta Cursano, Valentina Galla, Cecilia Menna, Chiara Casadei, Sara Bleve, Cristian Lolli, Giovanni Martinelli, Giovanni Rosti, Ugo De Giorgi
Summary: Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous neoplasm family that primarily affects the gonads and rarely occurs in extragonadal areas. Although most patients have a good prognosis, about 15% of cases experience tumor relapse and platinum resistance. Therefore, there is a need for novel treatment strategies with improved antineoplastic activity and fewer treatment-related adverse events. This article discusses the immune mechanisms underlying GCT development and reviews studies on new immunotherapeutic approaches in these tumors.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Samane Abbasi, Milad Asghari Totmaj, Masoumeh Abbasi, Saba Hajazimian, Pouya Goleij, Javad Behroozi, Behrouz Shademan, Alireza Isazadeh, Behzad Baradaran
Summary: Over the last decade, novel therapeutic approaches like CAR-T-cell immunotherapy have transformed the treatment perspective of human malignancies. However, this therapy is associated with side effects and faces challenges in manufacturing, engineering, applications, and toxicities. Further studies are needed to enhance efficacy and minimize adverse events.
Review
Oncology
Kaveh Hadiloo, Siavash Taremi, Mahmood Heidari, Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
Summary: Adoptive cell therapy, particularly using chimeric antigen receptor T cells, has shown success in cancer treatment. However, due to limitations in treating solid cancers and harmful adverse effects, researchers are exploring alternative cell therapies, such as CAR macrophage cells, to improve treatment outcomes.
BIOMARKER RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Ying Gong, Roel G. J. Klein Wolterink, Jianxiang Wang, Gerard M. J. Bos, Wilfred T. V. Germeraad
Summary: NK cells, especially CAR-NK cells, play a crucial role in cancer treatment. Advances in CAR-NK technology show promising potential in efficiently targeting cancer cells with reduced side effects. These developments contribute to improving cancer treatment strategies.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Clement Yisai Wang, Stephanie Po Ting Cheung, Ryohichi Sugimura
Summary: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CAR-T) are a significant personalized anticancer treatment strategy that can bind to tumor-specific antigens and exhibit antitumor abilities. However, the challenges of antigen escape, tumor infiltration, and other toxic side effects restrict the prolonged usage of CAR-T therapies. Engineering immunology, such as stem cell-based CAR-T therapies and CAR-M (macrophage) therapies, have been developed to overcome the limitations of conventional CAR-T therapies. This review highlights the challenges of CAR-T therapies and the potential of engineering immunology for cancer immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)