Journal
EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
Volume 76, Issue 1, Pages 64-87Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0013164415580432
Keywords
linear mixed effects models; generalized estimating equations; repeated measures ANOVA; small sample; longitudinal data
Categories
Funding
- NIH [HD053555]
- Office of Research Infrastructure Programs [P51OD011107]
- Good Nature Institute
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Unavoidable sample size issues beset psychological research that involves scarce populations or costly laboratory procedures. When incorporating longitudinal designs these samples are further reduced by traditional modeling techniques, which perform listwise deletion for any instance of missing data. Moreover, these techniques are limited in their capacity to accommodate alternative correlation structures that are common in repeated measures studies. Researchers require sound quantitative methods to work with limited but valuable measures without degrading their data sets. This article provides a brief tutorial and exploration of two alternative longitudinal modeling techniques, linear mixed effects models and generalized estimating equations, as applied to a repeated measures study (n = 12) of pairmate attachment and social stress in primates. Both techniques provide comparable results, but each model offers unique information that can be helpful when deciding the right analytic tool.
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