Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shahid Yousuf Ganie, Darakhshan Javaid, Younis Ahmad Hajam, Mohd Salim Reshi
Summary: Organophosphates (OPs) are commonly used pesticides that can cause neurotoxic effects and other disorders. Humans are exposed to OPs through different routes and biomonitoring of OP markers can help measure and control exposure severity. Standard treatments for OP poisoning include administration of atropine and acetylcholine esterase restoration therapy. It is important to increase awareness about the potential risks of OP exposure and reevaluate exposure levels.
Article
Oncology
Claudia Marchetti, Francesca De Felice, Alessia Romito, Valentina Iacobelli, Carolina Maria Sassu, Giacomo Corrado, Caterina Ricci, Giovanni Scambia, Anna Fagotti
Summary: Ovarian cancer is a fatal malignancy with most patients experiencing recurrent and chemotherapy-resistant disease. Understanding the complexity of platinum-resistant OC, identifying reliable biomarkers, and developing innovative therapies are crucial in improving management. Efforts to overcome platinum resistance in OC represent a dynamic field with rapidly developing drugs and clinical trials.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Karina Aivazian
Summary: Tumour regression, driven by the immune system, leads to the disappearance of tumour cells. CD8+ T lymphocytes are recognized as the primary factors in the anti-tumour response, but the interaction between melanoma and the immune system remains complex and not fully understood. Recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of melanoma regression has led to the identification of therapeutic targets, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Advanced techniques in spatial analysis of the tumour microenvironment offer insights into the immune drivers of melanoma regression, aiding clinical decision-making.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Meng Shien Goh, Su Datt Lam, YaFeng Yang, Mohd Naqiuddin, Siti Nor Khadijah Addis, Wilson Thau Lym Yong, Vijitra Luang-In, Christian Sonne, Nyuk Ling Ma
Summary: The use of chemical pesticides in agriculture is convenient and effective, but may pose risks to human health and the environment through residue contamination. Developing biosensors for on-site detection and promoting alternative pesticides like biopesticides and nanopesticides are recommended, though safety assessments are essential. Reversing pesticide application trends based on changing climate conditions is urgent for sustainable farming practices.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nadeem Iqbal, Zalan Czekus, Peter Poor, Attila Ordog
Summary: This review focuses on the harmful effects of Fumonisin B1 on plants and the mechanism of plant cell death induced by FB1, emphasizing the important role of sphingolipids and defense phytohormones in this process. Different crops show varying degrees of resistance to FB1 exposure. The study also highlights the regulation of PCD and defense mechanisms at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Kristin L. M. Boylan, Ashley Petersen, Timothy K. Starr, Xuan Pu, Melissa A. Geller, Robert C. Bast, Karen H. Lu, Ugo Cavallaro, Denise C. Connolly, Kevin M. Elias, Daniel W. Cramer, Tanja Pejovic, Amy P. N. Skubitz
Summary: This study aimed to develop a multiprotein classifier for detecting early stages of ovarian cancer by analyzing the levels of 92 cancer-related proteins in the blood. The combination of four proteins successfully detected over 90% of women with ovarian cancer and improved sensitivity and specificity compared to using CA125 alone. These findings suggest potential new biomarkers for early stage ovarian cancer detection.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elenka Georgieva, Vesela Yancheva, Stela Stoyanova, Iliana Velcheva, Ilia Iliev, Tonka Vasileva, Veselin Bivolarski, Eleonora Petkova, Brigitta Laszlo, Krisztian Nyeste, Laszlo Antal
Summary: This study investigated the short-term negative effects of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on common carp under laboratory conditions. Results showed that both pesticides impacted the biomarkers in common carp even at concentrations lower than those permitted by law, with cypermethrin showing higher toxicity compared to chlorpyrifos. Caution should be exercised when using these pesticides to avoid any risk.
Article
Food Science & Technology
David Lozano-Paniagua, Tesifon Parron, Raquel Alarcon, Mar Requena, Olga Lopez-Guarnido, Marina Lacasana, Antonio F. Hernandez
Summary: A study was conducted on greenhouse workers regularly exposed to pesticides compared to controls, showing a slight increase in AST levels in workers suggestive of subtle hepatocellular toxicity, while other markers like ALP, ARG1, and GST-alpha were decreased possibly due to a regulatory mechanism. These findings do not conclusively demonstrate liver dysfunction due to low-toxicity pesticides used by greenhouse workers.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Wei Zhou, Jiachen Ma, Han Zhao, Qing Wang, Xiaoli Guo, Linna Chen, Zhonghui Cao, Jiahao Xu, Bei Zhang, Xueyan Zhou
Summary: This study aimed to explore the proteomic profile of serum exosomes from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and identify potential diagnostic markers for EOC. The researchers found that serum exosomes from EOC patients contributed to the migration of EOC cells and the level of exosomal LRPI was significantly upregulated in EOC patients, serving as an important diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for EOC.
MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Paul Schmid-Hempel
Summary: A discussion of defence strategies should consider linking defence mechanisms to their contributions to fitness, drawing on both immunology and evolutionary ecology. The concepts of the defence chart and disease space help connect these two fields and focus on understanding the costs and benefits associated with existing mechanisms to identify the best defence strategy in a given environment.
CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Juliane Silberschmidt Freitas, Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto, Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii, Lais Conceicao Menezes da Silva, Lais Fernanda de Palma Lopes, Allan Pretti Ogura, Lais Girotto, Cassiana Carolina Montagner, Lays de Oliveira Goncalves Alho, Renan Castelhano Gebara, Luis Schiesari, Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola
Summary: Expansion of sugarcane crops in Brazil has potentially led to increased contamination of local habitats. This study found that sugarcane pesticides and fertilizer can have toxic effects on amphibians, including mortality and impairing physiological responses. The combination of pesticides resulted in more sublethal effects in tadpoles compared to individual pesticides.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria Belen Poliserpi, Diego Cristos, Juan Manuel Perez-Iglesias, Julie Celine Brodeur
Summary: The study evaluated the distribution of neonicotinoid IMI in a songbird species and its physiological effects, showing IMI absorption and elimination in tissues, as well as impacts on hematological, genetic, and enzymatic parameters. Treatments altered cholinesterases and GST activity, with the suggestion of using plasma GST inhibition as a non-lethal biomarker for IMI exposure in wild birds. Valuable tools for bird conservation in agroecosystems were provided.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Efthimios Dardiotis, Panagiotis Skouras, Orfeas-Petros Varvarelis, Athina-Maria Aloizou, Antonio F. Hernandez, Ioannis Liampas, Dimitrios Rikos, Metaxia Dastamani, Kirill S. Golokhvast, Dimitrios P. Bogdanos, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Vasileios Siokas, Panayiotis D. Mitsias, Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou
Summary: Pesticides can cause tremors and other diseases related to the nervous system. More research and preventive measures are needed to protect exposed populations from potential disabilities and social drawbacks.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wojciech Rodzaj, Malwina Wilenska, Anna Klimowska, Emila Dziewirska, Joanna Jurewicz, Renata Walczak-Jedrzejowska, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Wojciech Hanke, Bartosz Wielgomas
Summary: Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used and may pose a threat to human health. A study in Lodz, Poland found that non-dietary factors such as owning a dog, using pesticides on household pets, and dietary sources like seeds and nuts can significantly contribute to pyrethroid exposure in young men.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Freylan Mena, Seiling Vargas, Meyer Guevara-Mora, J. Mauro Vargas-Hernandez, Clemens Ruepert
Summary: This study measured biomarkers of commonly found fish species in Madre de Dios Lagoon (MDL), indicating chronic exposure to pesticide residues from upstream agricultural areas. The biomarkers showed consistent responses in biotransformation and oxidative stress signals throughout different sampling moments. Significant correlations were found between biomarkers and individual pesticides, as well as groups of pesticides with shared biocide action. Insecticide residues had a major influence on the observed fish responses.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
