Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cong Zhou, Hao Song, Jie Feng, Zhi Hu, Mei-jie Yang, Pu Shi, Yong-ren Li, Yong-jun Guo, Hai-zhou Li, Tao Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the metabolic responses to hypo-salinity stress and osmoregulation mechanisms in the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria, a widely cultured euryhaline bivalve species in China. The study identified several changes in response to hypo-salinity stress, including increased vacuoles in gill filaments, up-regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and up-regulation of antioxidant metabolites. Potential biomarkers of hypo-salinity stress were also identified in the hard clams.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cong Zhou, Hao Song, Jie Feng, Zhi Hu, Mei-Jie Yang, Pu Shi, Yong-ren Li, Yong-jun Guo, Hai-zhou Li, Tao Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the metabolic responses and osmoregulation mechanisms of the euryhaline bivalve hard clam to hypo-salinity stress using biochemical assays, metabolomics, and gene expression analysis. The results showed that during hypo-salinity stress, the clam developed vacuoles in its gills, decreased Na+ and Cl- concentrations, up-regulated Na+/Cl--ATPase activity, and down-regulated the cAMP-PKA pathway. Antioxidant metabolites were up-regulated, and glycerolipid metabolism was strengthened. Anaerobic metabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation were also observed. Potential biomarkers of hypo-salinity stress were identified. This study provides novel insights into the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of hypo-salinity stress in euryhaline bivalves.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Imke Podbielski, Lara Schmittmann, Trystan Sanders, Frank Melzner
Summary: Salinity is a major factor affecting marine organisms. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on osmolytes in marine invertebrates acclimated to reduced salinity. The findings suggest that tissue concentrations of certain organic compounds and sodium are consistently reduced across different phyla, indicating the utilization of intracellular inorganic ions as a response system during acute exposure to low salinity stress. However, there are still research gaps in quantifying salinity-induced long-term changes in intracellular ion concentrations and compiling a complete intracellular osmolyte budget. Best-practice guidelines are suggested to better understand the mechanisms of salinity acclimation in marine invertebrates.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuqi Liu, Yuchen Yang, Ruotong Qin, Yuhao Peng, Yang Huang, Chunhua Zhu, Guangli Li, Dongneng Jiang, Hongjuan Shi
Summary: In this study, the molecular adaptive mechanisms of greater amberjack to salinity stress were investigated. The results showed that gene expression changes, involved in cartilage and skeletal development, ions transport, and immune response, occurred in the gills and kidneys under different salinity environments. These findings provide insights into the improved respiratory and osmoregulatory mechanisms of greater amberjack in response to salinity stress.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hassan Ahmed, Karima A. Bakry, Ahmed Abdeen, Halla E. K. El Bahgy, Mohamed Abdo, Florin Imbrea, Liana Fericean, Mona A. Elshemy, Samah F. Ibrahim, Mustafa Shukry, Samar H. Baloza, Walaa F. A. Emeish
Summary: This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to salinity stress in common carp. The results demonstrate that high salinity adversely affects biochemical markers and modulates the expression of immune, endocrine, and neural-related genes in different organs.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yangguang Bao, Yuedong Shen, Xuejiao Li, Zhaoxun Wu, Lefei Jiao, Jing Li, Qicun Zhou, Min Jin
Summary: This study assessed the effects of salinity and dietary cholesterol levels on the physiological regulation, cholesterol metabolism, fatty acid composition, and stress responses of black seabream. The results showed that feeding black seabream with 1.0% cholesterol diet in low salinity improved osmoregulation, increased cholesterol synthesis, and reduced degradation. It also promoted the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and attenuated oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Huadong Yi, Xiaoli Chen, Shuang Liu, Linqiang Han, Jianhui Liang, Yuqing Su, Han Lai, Sheng Bi, Xuange Liu, Yong Zhang, Xiaopin Zhao, Guifeng Li
Summary: The 40-day experiment explored the effects of different salinities on the growth and physiological responses of juvenile largemouth bass. The results suggest that salinities above 10 ppt are not suitable for largemouth bass culture, with 5 ppt being better than 0 ppt.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Maoliang Su, Nanxi Liu, Zhengqi Zhang, Junbin Zhang
Summary: In this study, the branchial osmoregulatory mechanisms in Scatophagus argus acclimated to different salinities were explored using proteomics techniques. The results showed that the regulation of sodium ion influx and efflux, as well as ATP synthesis, played crucial roles in the osmoregulatory process.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yu Liu, Xun Cao, Jun Ge
Summary: Skin is constantly exposed to UV radiation, leading to oxidative stress. Enzyme-MOF composite SC@ZIF-8 shows excellent antioxidative activity, with MOFs proving to be promising for enzyme encapsulation. Their high porosity and biocompatibility make them ideal for cosmetic and biomedical applications.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Xin Wang, Qi Yao, Dong-ming Zhang, Xin-yu Lei, Hong-jian Liu, Yu-ke Chen, Yun-long Zhao, Qiu-ju Wang, Zhi-xin Guo, Sen Wang, Gui-qin Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of salinity stress on osmoregulation, antioxidant capacity, physiological metabolism, inflammatory response, and apoptotic factors in Chinese mitten crabs. The results showed that increasing water salinity led to higher hemolymph osmolality, while decreasing the activity and mRNA expression of Na+/K+ATPase in the posterior gills. The 30%o group exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activities. Chinese mitten crabs effectively regulated their antioxidant capacity to resist oxidative damage and enhance resistance to salinity stress.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhongkai Wang, Yigeng Chen, Cong Wang, Nannan Zhao, Zhihao Zhang, Zhitong Deng, Yanting Cui, Renjie Wang, Yuquan Li
Summary: This study identified and characterized three types of AQPs in Litopenaeus vannamei and investigated their potential roles in osmoregulation. The expression levels of AQPs were significantly decreased under salinity stress, though the patterns varied among isoforms and tissues. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed the involvement of aquaglyceroporin and amino acid metabolism related genes and pathways in the response to acute salinity changes in the intestine.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Correction
Biology
Owen N. Beck, Jonathan Gosyne, Jason R. Franz, Gregory S. Sawicki
Summary: Species with wide geographical ranges tend to have broader physiological tolerances, potentially due to selection pressures or capacity for range expansion. Physiological data can be used to predict a species' potential range size and vulnerability to human disturbances.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anton Kasatkin, Aleksandr Urakov
Summary: Hydrogen peroxide is produced by human cells, and cellular enzymes determine its interaction with cells. Catalase is the main enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The study shows that high doses of hydrogen peroxide can increase the temperature of red blood cells.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Francois Brischoux, Harvey B. Lillywhite, Richard Shine, David Pinaud
Summary: Species with wider geographical ranges tend to have higher physiological tolerances to environmental challenges, which may enable them to expand their range more easily. Physiological data can be useful in predicting a species' potential range size and vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Jiun-lin Horng, Ya-Shan Lee, Li-Yih Lin
Summary: The widespread use of silver in nanomaterials leads to increased environmental contamination, posing a threat to aquatic animals. This study examines how silver affects the osmoregulatory abilities of euryhaline fish, using medaka embryos as a model. The results show that silver has higher toxicity in freshwater, impairing ionocytes and elevating heart rates.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Alexander M. Clifford, Martin Tresguerres, Greg G. Goss, Chris M. Wood
Summary: During exposure to acidic water, zebrafish utilize a novel mechanism of Na+ uptake that relies on the outwardly directed K+ gradient as a counter-substrate for Na+ and is sensitive to tetraethylammonium (TEA).
Article
Biology
Magnus L. Aaskov, Rasmus J. Jensen, Peter Vilhelm Skov, Chris M. Wood, Tobias Wang, Hans Malte, Mark Bayley
Summary: The South American Arapaima gigas, a highly air-reliant fish, utilizes distinct transfer pathways for oxygen and carbon dioxide. In severely hypoxic water, the fish shifts the partitioning of carbon dioxide to the air phase, eliminating the risk of oxygen loss in the gills. Furthermore, the fish's metabolic fuel utilization remains unchanged under different water oxygenation levels.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Beverly H. K. Po, Chris M. Wood
Summary: The Multi-Ion Toxicity (MIT) Model predicts the transepithelial potential (TEP) as an index of major ion toxicity in freshwater animals. This study investigates the TEP responses and plasma ion levels in juvenile rainbow trout after pre-exposure to different concentrations of major salts. The results support the MIT model and provide insights into physiological responses after extended major ion exposure.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Adalberto Luis Val, Chris M. Wood
Summary: The Amazon region is a unique area in the world, with rich freshwater fish resources, but is currently facing a serious crisis due to climate change and human activities.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Chris M. Wood, Beverly H. K. Po
Summary: This study found that the green crab exhibits both terrestrial and emersion activity during low tide. Treadmill exercise in air showed an inverse relationship between velocity and duration. The recovery process after exercise in air was more pronounced and lasting, including metabolic disturbances and acid-base recovery.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Junho Eom, Henrik Lauridsen, Chris M. Wood
Summary: This study examines the feeding and breathing mechanisms of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii, using various methods including video, respirometry, and imaging techniques. The results provide insights into the relationship between the nostril, velum chamber, and food passage, as well as the processes of swallowing and defecation. Furthermore, it reveals an increase in oxygen consumption rate after feeding, which lasts for a prolonged period.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Ellen H. Jung, Jessica Nguyen, Charlotte Nelson, Colin J. Brauner, Chris M. Wood
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in nitrogen metabolism in rainbow trout, with the stomach being an important site for independent ammonia absorption and transport.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Chris M. Wood
Summary: This study examined the nitrogen waste metabolism in green crabs and found that exercise and emersion had a significant impact on the ammonia(N) excretion rate, but the excretion of urea(N) and urate(N) also indicated their importance. In addition, the study found that the concentrations of ammonia(N) and PNH3 in the hemolymph were higher than in the BCF, and the volume of BCF decreased significantly after emersion and exercise.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Helen Sadauskas-Henrique, Ora E. Johannsson, Beverly H. K. Po, Adalberto L. Val, Chris M. Wood
Summary: The green crab is affected by intertidal zonation patterns, facing periods of air and water exposure. During these periods, physiological challenges are faced. Oxygen consumption rate remained unchanged during air exposure, but increased during recovery period. Ammonia and urea excretion rates were reduced during air exposure, but rebounded during recovery.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Aaron Boyd, Jessica Choi, Grace Ren, Zuo Tong How, Mohamed Gamal El-Din, Keith B. Tierney, Tamzin A. Blewett
Summary: Organic ultraviolet filters (UVFs) are commonly found in aquatic environments and have been found to pose a threat to invertebrate species. However, long-term studies on their effects are limited. This study examined the effects of exposure to UVFs on Daphnia magna and found that while avobenzone and octocrylene had minor and transient effects on reproduction and wet mass, oxybenzone resulted in significant negative impacts on mortality and reproduction, although normal function was largely regained by the next generation.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hannah M. Lowes, Erika J. Eliason, Katherine N. Snihur, Daniel S. Alessi, Tamzin A. Blewett
Summary: Intertidal mussels are able to tolerate emersion during low tide, but they may be exposed to waterborne toxicants such as copper. Copper exposure does not directly damage the mussels, but may affect their shell growth and provide insights into their ability to overcome multiple stressor exposures.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hannah M. Lowes, Alyssa M. Weinrauch, Ian A. Bouyoucos, Robert A. Grif, Daniels Kononovs, Daniel S. Alessi, Tamzin A. Blewett
Summary: Intertidal animals are exposed to tidal emersion and copper toxicity, but little is known about the interactions of these two stressors. This study examined the effects of copper exposure and tidal emersion on the sea cucumber Cucumaria miniata, finding that copper accumulated in the respiratory tree and had negative effects on aerobic metabolism. Emersion affected copper accumulation and increased oxygen uptake and ammonia excretion upon re-immersion.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John O. O. Onukwufor, Derek A. A. Somo, Jeffrey G. G. Richards, Chris M. M. Wood
Summary: In nature, mosshead sculpins face challenges from temperature and oxygen level fluctuations. The sculpins are able to modulate the permeability of their branchial epithelia in response to temperature stress, but not in response to hypoxia and re-oxygenation stress. This contrasts with the responses observed in a similar fish species with lower hypoxia tolerance. Overall, the data suggests a decoupling between diffusive water flux rates and oxygen consumption rates during hypoxia stress.
FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junho Eom, Chris M. Wood
Summary: A new less invasive device incorporating an ultrasonic flow probe and a divided chamber was used to measure ventilatory flow rate and % O-2 utilization in rainbow trout after exercise and feeding. The study found that respiration in trout is more efficient than previously believed.
FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Carolyn Morris, Chris M. Wood
Summary: Marine flatfishes show changes in diffusive water flux and ammonia excretion rates as salinity decreases, while oxygen consumption and urea-N excretion rates remain relatively stable. The increase in diffusive water flux is primarily caused by reduced [Ca2+], rather than reduced salinity itself. Our results suggest that both diffusive water flux and ammonia excretion rates are influenced by salinity and ambient [Ca2+].