Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Laryssa de Sousa Carneiro, Carolina Penteado Natividade Moreto, Lena Virginia Soares Monteiro, Roberto Perez Xavier
Summary: The main copper deposits in the Carajas Mineral Province can be classified into two types: iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) and granite-related Cu-Au. These deposits were formed during multiple mineralizing events in the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic. Geochemical analysis has been performed to understand the associations between elements in these deposits. Different types of alterations and mineralizations can be observed in different sectors, indicating the influence of host rocks and hydrothermal events. This study provides insights into the chemical evolution of the Carajas copper systems and aids in exploration.
JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Raphael B. Hunger, Gustavo H. C. de Melo, Roberto P. Xavier, Carolina P. N. Moreto, Cristina Talavera, Zhi-Kun Su, Xin-Fu Zhao
Summary: The Santa Lucia copper-gold deposit in the Carajas Mineral Province is hosted by a rhyolitic subvolcanic rock and mineralized with copper-gold ore and fluoroalkaline minerals, crosscut by pegmatite intrusions. Formed during the Neoarchean period with mineralization at around 2688 Ma, it represents the first reduced magmatic-hydrothermal system in the region.
MINERALIUM DEPOSITA
(2021)
Article
Geology
Yuri Tatiana Campo-Rodriguez, Maria Emilia Schutesky, Claudinei Gouveia de Oliveira, Martin John Whitehouse
Summary: The characteristics of the Salobo deposit, including the main mineral assemblage, types of magnetite bodies, and sulfur isotope signatures, suggest that it may be similar to other IOCG deposits and formed during the Neoarchean magmatism around 2.7 billion years ago, with subsequent deformation and reactivation affecting the mineralization.
ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Geology
Kexin Wang, Degao Zhai, Liangliang Zhang, Chao Li, Jiajun Liu, Han Wu
Summary: The Dafang gold deposit in South China is a representative gold mineralization. The gold ore occurs in the contact zones between late Jurassic granodiorite porphyry and late Paleozoic limestone as well as the fractures in them. The deposit has three primary mineralizing stages, and the ages obtained indicate a genetic link with deep or nearly late Jurassic intrusions. The ore-forming fluids were initially dominated by magmatic water and later diluted by meteoric water. Fluid boiling and sulfidation are key factors for gold deposition at Dafang.
ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Geology
E. S. B. Santiago, R. P. Xavier, S. G. Hagemann, L. V. S. Monteiro, J. Cliff
Summary: The study investigated sulfur isotopes in sulfides from the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic Cu-Au systems in the Carajás Domain of Brazil, revealing multiple sulfur sources and pathways, including mass-independent fractionation of sulfur. Sulfur in the deposits is mainly derived from mantle/magmatic sources, with a minor component showing signs of mass-independent fractionation.
ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kamila G. Fernandes, Roberto P. Xavier, Carolina P. N. Moreto, Gustavo H. C. Melo, Adrian J. Boyce
Summary: The Alvo Acai Cu (Au, Mo) skarn deposit is part of poorly explored copper deposits in the western sector of the Carajas province in Brazil. It is characterized by a 2.86 Ga metasyenogranitic basement and a 2.71 Ga quartzite, with a sequence of hydrothermal alteration including calcic-sodic alteration, potassic iron alteration, silicification, prograde and retrograde skarn stages. The main stage of copper mineralization is spatially and temporally related to the retrograde skarn alteration, with various chalcopyrite-bearing mineral assemblages.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pedro L. G. Martins, Catarina L. B. Toledo, Adalene M. Silva, Farid Chemale Jr, Corey Archer, Luciano M. de Assis
Summary: The banded iron formation in the Carajas Mineral Province is one of the most significant globally, indicating its formation in a deep-sea environment with intense hydrothermal activity under anoxic conditions, distal to continental landmasses.
Article
Geology
Zhongwu Lan, Gangyang Zhang, Rong Cao, Fei Li, Huawen Cao, Hao Zou
Summary: The Mazhala Au-Sb deposit in South Tibet was found to have formed during the early stage of ca. 35 Ma, which is consistent with the timing of Eocene leucogranite intrusions. The mineralization process of this deposit was mainly influenced by metamorphic water in Paleozoic-Mesozoic metamorphic sedimentary rocks. In contrast, the Cuonadong Sn polymetallic mineralization in Southeastern Tibet was formed during the crustal extension stage in the Miocene, mainly sourced from magmatic water.
ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Eric Siciliano Rego, Vincent Busigny, Stefan V. Lalonde, Pascal Philippot, Amaury Bouyon, Camille Rossignol, Marly Babinski, Adriana de Cassia Zapparoli
Summary: The absence of cerium anomalies during IF deposition suggests pervasively anoxic conditions, while unprecedented europium anomalies indicate intense hydrothermal activity supplying iron. The positive and homogeneous Fe isotopic signal in IFs, along with the presence of C-13-depleted organic matter, points to anoxygenic photosynthesis as the most plausible mechanism responsible for Fe oxidation in the Carajas Basin.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Valery F. Smol'kin, Artem V. Mokrushin
Summary: This paper investigates the geochemical analysis of rocks from different age groups of intrusive bodies, revealing their intrusions at various depths during the early Paleoproterozoic Era. By examining the geochemical characteristics and isotope indicators of these intrusions, genetic relationships and evolutionary processes between them were established.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoping Liu, Huichuan Liu, Pin Gao, Wenqi Li, Huan Liu, Jiakai Hou
Summary: The Late Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic period marked a significant time of continental growth and recycling, with the assembly and subsequent breakup of the Columbia supercontinent. The North China Craton preserves important records of tectonic activities and crust building processes during this time. The study findings suggest significant juvenile crust accretion in the Yanliao intracontinental rift during the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic periods.
Article
Geology
Fan Xiao, Fei-Peng Fan, Guang-Fu Xing, Shao-Yong Jiang
Summary: Research on the Qingyunshan Cu-Au deposit suggests that it is a vein-type deposit located in Fujian Province with main mineralization stages having lower temperatures and ore-forming fluids evolving from a mixing of magmatic fluids and meteoric water.
ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geology
Chun-Hua Wen, Yong-Jun Shao, Yi-Qu Xiong, Jian-Kang Li, Shao-Yong Jiang
Summary: The Baishawo deposit is a newly discovered large pegmatite type Be-Li-Nb-Ta deposit located in the NE Hunan province, South China, exhibiting characteristics of LCT-type mineralization. The mineralized pegmatites are mainly hosted in two-mica monzogranite, which shows S-type and highly evolved features indicating a likely crustal source, with an Early Cretaceous mineralization age around 140 Ma.
ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Felipe Holanda dos Santos, Wagner da Silva Amaral, Douglas Teixeira Martins, Ana Clara Braga de Souza
Summary: The Borborema Province in Brazil hosts Mn-rich metasedimentary sequences that were deposited around 2.2-2.1 billion years ago, during the Rhyacian period. These sequences are associated with graphite-bearing gneissic and granitic rocks, and show correlations with manganese deposits in Africa and other parts of South America.
MINERALIUM DEPOSITA
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Diogo Rosa, David Leach, Pierpaolo Guarnieri, Andrey Bekker
Summary: The Black Angel Zn-Pb deposit in the Paleoproterozoic Marmorilik Formation in West Greenland is associated with chloride-rich scapolite, ore-bearing marble with vuggy porosity, and quartz nodules. The mineralization is closely linked to anhydrite and is likely a Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposit. The Marmorilik Formation, which contains evaporite-carbonate sequences, is unique among the few known Paleoproterozoic MVT deposits. It provides insights into the seawater sulfate level during a time interval when extensive evaporite deposits were believed to be unlikely. The mineralization took place between the Nagssugtoqidian collision and Rinkian metamorphism events in the Karrat basin.
MINERALIUM DEPOSITA
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
L. A. Parra-Avila, J. Hammerli, A. I. S. Kemp, B. Rohrlach, R. Loucks, Y. Lu, I. S. Williams, L. Martin, M. P. Roberts, M. L. Fiorentini
Summary: In this study, the sources and processes for the formation of Cu-(Au)-porphyry deposits were investigated using one of the youngest and best-preserved world-class Cu-(Au)-porphyry systems. It was found that the Tampakan magmas were derived from depleted mantle sources, suggesting that older crustal components or metasomatized mantle are not necessary for the production of metallogenically fertile magmas. The compositions of apatite and zircon were confirmed to be useful indicators for identifying fertile porphyry systems, with intrusions directly associated with mineralization events showing elevated concentrations of Cl and S in apatite compared to pre- and post-mineralization igneous events.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Felipe Holanda dos Santos, Wagner da Silva Amaral, Douglas Teixeira Martins, Ana Clara Braga de Souza
Summary: The Borborema Province in Brazil hosts Mn-rich metasedimentary sequences that were deposited around 2.2-2.1 billion years ago, during the Rhyacian period. These sequences are associated with graphite-bearing gneissic and granitic rocks, and show correlations with manganese deposits in Africa and other parts of South America.
MINERALIUM DEPOSITA
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Anthony I. S. Kemp, Jeffrey D. Vervoort, Andreas Petersson, R. Hugh Smithies, Yongjun Lu
Summary: This study analyzes samples from the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia and finds a connection between mantle and crustal processes throughout the craton's history. The evolution of the craton was mainly driven by the transformation of juvenile mantle materials into felsic igneous rocks, indicating sustained continental growth over the past 4 billion years. The collision of the East and West Pilbara terranes at 3.1 billion years ago increased the involvement of older crust in magma generation. This study highlights the importance of comparing mantle and crustal isotope records to understand crustal growth rates in ancient terranes.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kamila G. Fernandes, Roberto P. Xavier, Carolina P. N. Moreto, Gustavo H. C. Melo, Adrian J. Boyce
Summary: The Alvo Acai Cu (Au, Mo) skarn deposit is part of poorly explored copper deposits in the western sector of the Carajas province in Brazil. It is characterized by a 2.86 Ga metasyenogranitic basement and a 2.71 Ga quartzite, with a sequence of hydrothermal alteration including calcic-sodic alteration, potassic iron alteration, silicification, prograde and retrograde skarn stages. The main stage of copper mineralization is spatially and temporally related to the retrograde skarn alteration, with various chalcopyrite-bearing mineral assemblages.
Article
Geology
Eduardo T. Mansur, Sarah A. S. Dare, Cesar F. Ferreira Filho, Ana Carolina Rodrigues Miranda, Lena Virginia Soares Monteiro
Summary: The Jaguar nickel deposit is an unconventional hydrothermal Ni resource discovery in the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil, and it shares similarities with IOCG deposits in the region. The deposit is associated with mafic-ultramafic intrusions and hosted by granitic or felsic subvolcanic rocks. It is characterized by zones of Bt-Chl hydrothermal alteration and disseminated sulfides, which are overprinted by sulfide-magnetite-apatite-bearing breccias.
ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wagner da Silva Amaral, Felipe Holanda dos Santos, Luiz Ricardo Cunha Braga, Joao Paulo Araujo Pitombeira, Daniel Francisco Martins de Sousa, Reinhardt Adolfo Fuck, Elton Luiz Dantas, Douglas Teixeira Martins, Cesar Ulisses Vieira Verissimo, Felipe Grandjean da Costa
Summary: The Caninde Do Ceara Complex in NE Brazil is a large domain of Paleoproterozoic high-grade metamorphic rocks with a protracted tectonic history. The complex consists of sillimanite- and graphite-bearing metasedimentary rocks and tonalitic to granodioritic orthogneisses. New U-Pb LA-ICPMS zircon dating, Sm-Nd isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry reveal a tectonic evolution ranging from 2.2 to 2.1 Ga arc-related environments to 2.1-2.0 Ga continental collision and late Neoproterozoic metamorphic overprint.
PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zibra Ivan, Anthony I. S. Kemp, Smithies R. Hugh, Rubatto Daniela, Korhonen Fawna, Hammerli Johannes, Tim E. Johnson, Gessner Klaus, Roberto F. Weinberg, Jeff D. Vervoort, Martin Laure, Sandra S. Romano
Summary: Converging lines of evidence suggest that Earth transitioned from a stagnant-lid to a plate tectonics regime during the late Archean, but the details and timing of this transition are debated. Geological records indicate that subduction, a key component of plate tectonics, has been active since the Mesoarchean, but the tectonic processes within ancient convergent margins are poorly understood.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geology
Benjamin J. C. Neil, Daniel B. Tersmette, Thomas Chacko, Larry M. Heaman, Bruce A. Kjarsgaard, Edith Martel, Robert A. Creaser, D. Graham Pearson, Richard A. Stern, S. Andrew Dufrane, Yan Luo
Summary: This study reports the discovery of one of the largest ancient crustal terranes on Earth. It shows that the Perry River terrane (PRT) in Canada is a predominantly juvenile 3.3-3.2 Ga terrane that was partially reworked by more evolved ca. 3.1 Ga magmatism. The findings suggest a reassessment of ancient continental growth on Earth.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wagner da Silva Amaral, Felipe Holanda dos Santos, Daniel Francisco Martins de Sousa, Marcela Paschoal Perpetuo, Benjamim Bley de Brito Neves, Joao Paulo Araujo Pitombeira, Douglas Teixeira Martins
Summary: The geodynamic understanding of the Riacho do Pontal Orogen in Brazil has improved in recent years, with progress mainly made through geochemical and isotopic studies. However, the role of Neoproterozoic magmatism in the region is still not fully understood. In order to contribute to the debate, this study presents petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for a set of granitoids and metavolcanic rocks from the Internal and Central domains of the Riacho do Pontal Orogen. The results suggest that the Betania granite is part of an Ediacaran magmatic-arc system, while the Nova Olinda and Caboclo syenites are products of late-orogenic magmatism, and the Serra da Aldeia suite represents the final stages of post-orogenic activity.
JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
D. V. Alexeiev, A. K. Khudoley, S. A. DuFrane, A. V. Kushnareva, N. V. Bryanskiy, A. A. Karimov
Summary: The Upper Precambrian section in the Sandalash, Talas, and Chatkal ranges were studied to determine the age and origin of Neoproterozoic diamictites of the Middle Tianshan. Detrital zircon dating revealed that diamictites were deposited during the Cryogenian and Ediacaran. The lower part of the Shorashu Formation contained tillites that were likely deposited during the Marino glaciation, while the upper part consisted of debris flows and grain flows associated with turbidites.
DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Andreas Petersson, Anthony I. S. Kemp, Maud Boyet, Martin J. Whitehouse, Matilda Boyce, Malcolm Roberts, Allen Kennedy
Summary: This study assesses the reliability of the Sm-Nd system in the oldest rocks in the Pilbara Craton using petrography, element mapping, and microanalysis of accessory minerals, along with whole rock Sm-Nd data. The results show that despite multiple thermal events and breakdown of the REE-rich mineral allanite, the Mount Webber rocks retained the Sm-Nd isotope signatures of their magmatic protoliths at the whole-rock scale. The study highlights the benefits of a combined analytical approach to obtain a more complete record of the source and thermal evolution of ancient, highly metamorphosed igneous rocks.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Daniela Gallhofer, Etienne Skrzypek, Christoph Hauzenberger, Walter Kurz, Andreas Moller, Joseph Andrew, Luis A. Parra-Avila, Laure Martin, Anthony Kemp, G. W. A. R. Fernando, Dengfeng He
Summary: Zircon megacrysts from the Kawisigamuwa carbonatite are identified as a potentially valuable reference material for laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry measurements of U-Pb and Hf isotopes. These megacrysts exhibit oscillatory zoning and low-to-moderate radiation damage. The analysis suggests that the zircons likely formed from crustal-derived carbonate melts under high-grade metamorphic conditions.
GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
D. V. Alexeiev, A. K. Khudoley, S. A. DuFrane, S. Glorie, I. A. Vishnevskaya, S. A. Semiletkin, E. F. Letnikova
Summary: This study investigates the Precambrian stratigraphic framework and evolution of the Ishim Middle Tianshan microcontinent (IMT) in the Malyi Karatau Range. The sediments deposited during 800-730 Ma and are dominated by deeper marine facies in the southwest and shallow marine facies in the northeast. The source terrane represented a Paleoproterozoic to Archean crustal block reworked by an early Neoproterozoic continental arc. The IMT, along with the Tarim and Yangtze cratons, formed the Precambrian Ulutau-Tarim-Yangtze Continent (UTY) and became part of Rodinia at around 830-820 Ma.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Madeleine Ince, Steffen Hagemann, Marco Fiorentini, Anthony Kemp, Nora Rubinstein, Eduardo Zappettini
Summary: In this study, zircon U-Pb, O, Lu-Hf and trace element systematics were used to track the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution and metallogenic potential of porphyry intrusions and associated Cu-Au deposits in the Farallon Negro Volcanic Complex in northwest Argentina. The results show a change in magma source from predominantly mantle-derived to a mixture of mantle-derived and supracrustal source. Despite having variable Cu and Au grades, all intrusions have a hydrous and oxidized zircon signature. The study also highlights the significant influence of the tectonic setting and magma evolution on the formation of Cu-Au deposits in the region.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Naomi M. Tucker, Justin L. Payne, Anthony I. Kemp, Christopher L. Kirkland, Ashleigh Smyth, Warrick Tunmer, Stephanie Harvey, Melissa Stinear, Adrian Machuca, Samuel Rangel Suarez, Bert De Waele
Summary: This study utilizes various geochemical techniques to investigate the concealed basement geology and Archean-Paleoproterozoic terrane boundaries in the northeastern Albany-Fraser Orogen (AFO), revealing a new major component and providing fresh insights into early magmatic activity in the region.
PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH
(2023)
