Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Donghui Zhu, Axel Montagne, Zhen Zhao
Summary: AD is a neurodegenerative disease, with studies showing gender differences in risk and progression. The higher risk and progression of AD in women are largely attributed to distinct biological mechanisms, such as deviations in brain structure and biomarkers, psychosocial stress responses, genetic background, and more.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jamie White, Cara Tannenbaum, Ineke Klinge, Londa Schiebinger, Janine Clayton
Summary: Government-based international research funding agencies have implemented policies and mechanisms regarding sex and gender considerations in research, aiming to motivate researchers to integrate these factors into biomedical research. While the success of these policies is still being analyzed, continual learning and sharing of experiences will improve the integration of sex and gender considerations in research.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Concepta McManus, Abilio Afonso Baeta Neves
Summary: Funding is crucial for the survival of science and the development of a country, and this paper investigates the funding citations by Brazilian authors in the Incites(R) database. The study reveals that most of the funding for Brazilian authors comes from agencies such as Capes, CNPq, and FAPESP, with FAPESP having a significant national impact. Furthermore, it is observed that research funded by foreign sources tends to have a greater impact compared to national funding.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shohini Ghosh-Choudhary, Neil Carleton, S. Mehdi Nouraie, Corrine R. Kliment, Richard A. Steinman
Summary: This study used data from the NIH RePORTER database to track the funding trajectory of physician-scientists who received predoctoral grant support. Researchers found that male F30 grant awardees were 2.6 times more likely than female awardees to receive R funding. The results highlight the need for analysis of factors contributing to the disproportionate loss of female physician-scientists between the predoctoral F30 and independent R grant-supported stages.
Article
Health Policy & Services
Jenna Haverfield, Cara Tannenbaum
Summary: Research on a 10-year period of interventions by CIHR shows an increasing integration of sex and gender in grant applications, with female principal investigators more likely to integrate these factors and have higher success rates. This highlights the importance of targeted interventions and training for evaluators in promoting sex and gender integration in research funding initiatives.
HEALTH RESEARCH POLICY AND SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Sandhya R. Shenoy, Bindu Dey
Summary: Cancer is a significant health issue in India, with government funding agencies like DBT playing a crucial role in supporting research and development programs to address the increasing number of cancer cases. The funding provided by DBT is crucial in developing new methods for prevention and treatment of different types of cancer.
JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Business, Finance
Alexander Nunez-Torres
Summary: This paper quantifies the impact of deposit concentration on loan mortgage premiums for securitized mortgages and their subsequent servicing. Banks with higher deposit concentration offer lower loan rates and may serve mortgages for longer periods of time.
FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Demography
Anne Ardila Brenoe
Summary: The study shows that the sibling sex composition in a family can influence women's gender conformity, with women having brothers more likely to adopt traditional gender roles, especially in career choices and partner relationships. This may be due to gender-specialized parenting in families with mixed-sex children. Furthermore, the effects of this influence can persist into the next generation of girls.
JOURNAL OF POPULATION ECONOMICS
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alfredo Smiriglia, Nicla Lorito, Marina Serra, Andrea Perra, Andrea Morandi, Marta Anna Kowalik
Summary: The gender relevance of preclinical models has been partially overlooked, despite its significant impact on liver disease pathogenesis. This review discusses the importance of considering gender in selecting preclinical models and its implications for personalized therapies.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Amiya K. Chakravarty
Summary: Agencies providing relief to disaster survivors raise funds from various sources, with funding directly impacting the effectiveness of relief operations. In uncertain funding conditions, stop-gap loans can alleviate initial deprivation. However, funding delays can lead to increased loan sizes and decreased number of survivors receiving aid.
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Biology
Katharine N. Thakkar, Daniel H. Mathalon, Judith M. Ford
Summary: This paper discusses perception as an active process involving analysis by synthesis, imagination, and hallucinations without sensory stimulation, particularly focusing on auditory-verbal hallucinations. The authors propose that sense of agency for imagining is key to understanding different forms and features of hallucinations, outlining the neural, cognitive, and phenomenological consequences of this sense. Ultimately, the paper suggests that predictive processing can incorporate observations on sense of agency, imagination, and hallucination within a comprehensive framework for action, perception, and belief.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kosar Bano, Kanwal Waqar, Amjad Ali
Summary: A project in the Upper Indus Basin of Pakistan supported the creation of women's collective farming to overcome climate-induced issues for farmers. The study found that collective farming and networking help women challenge norms, alleviate burdens, and contribute to decision-making, minimizing the impacts of climate change.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Roslyn B. Mannon, Elaine F. F. Reed, Anette Melk, Amanda Vinson, Germaine Wong, Curie Ahn, Bianca Davidson, Bethany Foster, Lori J. J. West, Katie Tait, Anita S. S. Chong
Summary: The advancement of women's careers in transplantation remains challenging. The Women in Transplantation Initiative (WIT) aims to improve diversity and inclusion in the field through three pillars: career advancement and networking, scientific investigation on sex and gender in transplantation, and facilitating equitable access to transplantation for women worldwide.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Education, Special
Meng -Ting Chen, Xiaopeng Lu, Rune J. Simeonsson, Marisa E. Marraccini, Yen-Ping Chang
Summary: The study conducted a meta-analysis on over 117,000 data points and 16,000 participants, finding little difference in symptom severity between diagnosed females and males with ASD. This challenges the common understanding of ASD as a predominantly male disorder.
RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Liat Helpman
Summary: Stress-related disorders (SRD) have a greater impact on women, and cortisol blunting, a failure in cortisol response to stress, is more pronounced among women with SRDs. Cortisol blunting is influenced by both biological factors, such as estrogen and its fluctuations, and psychosocial factors, such as discrimination, harassment, and gender roles. A theoretical model is proposed to link experience, sex- and gender-related factors, and neuroendocrine substrates to explain the heightened risk of SRDs among women, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding the stress experienced by women. Utilizing this framework in research can help identify targeted risk factors specific to sex and gender, informing interventions, medical advice, education, community programming, and policies.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Annie Duchesne, Belinda Pletzer, Marina A. Pavlova, Meng-Chuan Lai, Gillian Einstein
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Nicole J. Gervais, April Au, Anne Almey, Annie Duchesne, Laura Gravelsins, Alana Brown, Rebekah Reuben, Elizabeth Baker-Sullivan, Deborah H. Schwartz, Kelly Evans, Marcus Q. Bernardini, Andrea Eisen, Wendy S. Meschino, William D. Foulkes, Elizabeth Hampson, Gillian Einstein
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2020)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sivaniya Subramaniapillai, Anne Almey, M. Natasha Rajah, Gillian Einstein
Summary: The literature review identified gender differences in cognitive/brain reserve contributors in relation to Alzheimer's disease risk, suggesting that greater reserve may be more beneficial in lowering risk for women. However, further research is needed in this area to fully understand the impact of cognitive reserve on AD risk in women.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mathias W. Nielsen, Marcia L. Stefanick, Diana Peragine, Torsten B. Neilands, John P. A. Ioannidis, Louise Pilote, Judith J. Prochaska, Mark R. Cullen, Gillian Einstein, Ineke Klinge, Hannah LeBlanc, Hee Young Paik, Londa Schiebinger
Summary: This study proposes the concept of gender as a sociocultural variable and develops a gender assessment tool for clinical and population research. Through factor analysis, 11 variables were reduced to 7 gender-related variables, which were found to be associated with self-rated general health, physical and mental health, and health-risk behaviors through regression analysis.
BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES
(2021)
Article
Neuroimaging
Sivaniya Subramaniapillai, Sricharana Rajagopal, Jamie Snytte, A. Ross Otto, Gillian Einstein, M. Natasha Rajah
Summary: The study found that women with AD risk factors experience greater brain aging than men, and higher BMI may help reduce brain aging in women but not in men. Additionally, physical activity is more beneficial for men's brain aging than women's in those with certain risk factors.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2021)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
R. Reuben, L. Karkaby, C. McNamee, N. A. Phillips, G. Einstein
Summary: Menopause and the loss of ovarian hormones may be associated with cognitive complaints and SCD in women, with studies showing an increase in cognitive complaints during the menopausal transition and reduced working memory and executive function in women taking estrogen-decreasing treatments.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Arija Birze, Cheryl Regehr, Elise Paradis, Vicki LeBlanc, Gillian Einstein
Summary: As central members of the emergency response system, communicators are regularly exposed to potentially traumatic events and have some of the highest rates of posttraumatic stress. Emotional labour theory suggests that many individuals faced with this challenge utilize a strategy in which emotions are suppressed or faked in keeping with organizational expectations. The study found that job pressure and perceived lack of organizational support were positively associated with posttraumatic stress.
INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Melissa Biscardi, Reema Shafi, Nora Cullen, Gillian Einstein, Angela Colantonio
Summary: The study investigated AMH levels in women following TBI and their relation to menstrual cycle, cognition, distress, and symptoms of menopause. Findings included lower-than-expected AMH levels in 50% of participants and new onset of menstrual changes in 50% of participants. Women over 35 exhibited lower cognitive scores, and menopause-related symptoms were reported across all age groups.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura Gravelsins, Katherine Duncan, Gillian Einstein
Summary: This study revealed that oral contraceptives do not have a negative impact on working memory in young women, and may even enhance proactive control. The more pronounced influence of COMT in women taking oral contraceptives suggests that suppressed endogenous E2 levels, rather than fluctuating EE levels, may be more relevant for working memory. Future research is needed to distinguish between the effects of endogenous and synthetic estrogens on working memory.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Danielle Jacobson, Daniel Grace, Janice Boddy, Gillian Einstein
Summary: Using institutional ethnography, the study investigated how social relations influenced the reproductive health care experiences of women with female genital cutting. Interviews with eight women revealed their engagement in discourse opposing the cutting of female genitals as a violation of human rights, which both protected those affected and stigmatized the practice. This discourse shaped the women's emotional health work and prepared them for potential stigmatization during health care encounters.
QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Laila Rahman, Janice Du Mont, Patricia O'Campo, Gillian Einstein
Summary: This study examines the association between intersectional social locations and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by younger women in Bangladesh. The findings suggest that younger, lower educated or poor women are more likely to experience IPV across different communities. However, younger, higher educated or nonpoor women have a lower likelihood of experiencing IPV in advantaged communities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Jordana E. Schiralli, Diana E. Peragine, Alison L. Chasteen, Gillian Einstein
Summary: Little is known about gender-related stereotyping among transgender and gender expansive adults. This study examined explicit gender attitudes and implicit gender-related stereotyping among different gender groups. The findings revealed significant differences in gender discrimination and gender conceptions among different groups, which were related to both assigned sex at birth and current gender identification.
ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Economics
Arija Birze, Elise Paradis, Cheryl Regehr, Vicki LeBlanc, Gillian Einstein
Summary: Gender and work are important social determinants of health, and occupations high in emotional labor, usually dominated by women, are associated with ill-health. This study explores the relationship between gender norm conformity, emotional labor, and physiological dysregulation using data from Canadian police communicators. The findings suggest that emotional labor increases allostatic load for individuals who highly conform to gender norms, indicating that gendered structures in the workplace can influence health through conformity to gender and emotion norms. Additionally, the study reveals that dichotomous conceptions of gender may mask the impact of gendered structures on work-related stress.
WORK EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Katrina Wugalter, Mateja Perovic, Laurice Karkaby, Gillian Einstein
Summary: This study addresses the knowledge gap about the experiences of gender-diverse individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which has previously focused on cisgender women. The study reveals that PCOS can be seen as a burden, an occasion, and a benefit. It highlights the lived experiences of gender-diverse individuals and provides insights into the gendered perception and treatment of PCOS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
Mateja Perovic, Danielle Jacobson, Emily Glazer, Caroline Pukall, Gillian Einstein
Summary: The study found a connection between peripheral nerve damage and chronic neuropathic pain in women who have undergone severe female genital circumcision. Women with this experience a multifaceted pain, despite reporting good overall health on short pain questionnaires, they still face significant pain in daily life.
