Review
Cell Biology
Pengfei Lu, Yunzhe Lu
Summary: Epithelium is traditionally considered an immotile tissue, but recent research has shown that it is actually more motile than previously thought. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process for embryonic development, organ formation, and cancer metastasis.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wesley Cole, Adithya Antonysamy, Patrick Brown, Brian Sergi, Trieu Mai, Paul Denholm
Summary: This study quantifies the cost of decarbonization using five different cost metrics and finds that the choice of metric significantly impacts the reported cost. The study also compares these costs to the environmental and health benefits of decarbonization and finds that the benefits can outweigh the costs.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jun Li, Xianwei Liu, Qiang Ye, Feng Zhao, Xiaofei Zhao
Summary: Previous studies have shown that online search can measure investor attention and predict stock returns. In this study, we compared search conducted on weekdays and weekends to investigate the heterogeneity in retail investor attention and the price pressure and information processing channels for stock return predictability. We found empirical evidence supporting the information processing channel, where weekend search predicts large-cap stock returns, while weekday search leads to subsequent retail order imbalance, contradicting the price pressure channel. Our study contributes to the literature by focusing on the predictive power of online search on stock returns.
Article
Immunology
Chihiro Kurematsu, Masato Sawada, Masaki Ohmuraya, Motoki Tanaka, Kazuya Kuboyama, Takashi Ogino, Mami Matsumoto, Hisashi Oishi, Hiroyuki Inada, Yuri Ishido, Yukina Sakakibara, Huy Bang Nguyen, Truc Quynh Thai, Shinichi Kohsaka, Nobuhiko Ohno, Maki K. Yamada, Masato Asai, Masahiro Sokabe, Junichi Nabekura, Kenichi Asano, Masato Tanaka, Kazunobu Sawamoto
Summary: This study demonstrates the involvement of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the synaptic pruning and functional maturation of adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus. Using an inducible transgenic mouse model, the researchers found that impaired microglial spine pruning and altered electrophysiological properties of adult-born neurons occurred when PS exposure was masked by a dominant-negative form of milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8 (MFG-E8). These findings highlight the significance of PS in microglial pruning and the maturation of adult-born neurons.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Business
Mary Steffel, Elanor F. Williams
Summary: The notion that people's choices reveal something about who they are is fundamental to theories of self-perception, self-signaling, and preference construction. The present research suggests that people perceive themselves to be more likely to make similar choices in other situations when their choices feel relatively easy rather than difficult. This is because people consider their choices to be more self-diagnostic when they feel relatively easy.
JOURNAL OF CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Richard Herrington
Summary: The green energy revolution heavily relies on raw materials like cobalt and lithium, mainly sourced through mining. It is crucial to carefully evaluate the acceptable supplies of these metals to ensure the sustainability of green technologies.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Benedetta Vulcani, Bianca M. Poggianti, Marco Gullieuszik, Alessia Moretti, Jacopo Fritz, Daniela Bettoni, Beatrice Facciolli, Giovanni Fasano, Alessandro Omizzolo
Summary: Determining the role of local density and distance from the cluster center in regulating morphological fractions in clusters is a debated topic. The OmegaWINGS survey data is used to extend the analysis beyond the virial radius and reveals that different morphology galaxies have different dependence on local density and clustercentric distance. The formation of elliptical galaxies is linked to primordial densities, while other galaxies are affected by cluster-specific processes.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Florian Zabel, Christoph Mueller, Joshua Elliott, Sara Minoli, Jonas Jagermeyr, Julia M. Schneider, James A. Franke, Elisabeth Moyer, Marie Dury, Louis Francois, Christian Folberth, Wenfeng Liu, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Stefan Olin, Sam S. Rabin, Wolfram Mauser, Tobias Hank, Alex C. Ruane, Senthold Asseng
Summary: Climate change affects global agricultural production and food security, potentially requiring new crop varieties to adapt to future environmental changes. The accelerated phenological development of crops due to climate warming may necessitate more heat units to maintain the previous growing period length. The study shows that different climate change scenarios may result in varying degrees of crop variety adaptation needs on a global scale.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Zhuang Li, Gengdan Hu, Lei Xu, Qiangqiang Li
Summary: This study investigates the preference between punishment and compensation in third-party fairness maintenance, finding that the ability to freely choose influences third parties' preferences and that reputational benefits further affect their choices. The results show that when third parties are able to freely choose, they tend to prefer compensation, especially in open contexts.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tom Grylls, Maarten van Reeuwijk
Summary: Large-eddy simulation (LES) was used to analyze the impacts of trees on air quality in an idealized street canyon. The study found that the tree impact on local air quality is determined by the rate at which they remove pollutants from the air and the way in which they alter the transport of pollutants within and out of the street canyon. Deposition dominates when the concentration field is dominated by background levels, leading to improved local air quality. However, dispersion effects become more prominent when local emission sources dominate, resulting in elevated concentrations. The study highlights the importance of considering thermal effects when studying urban trees. Overall, trees largely act to improve air quality.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Laura M. Barge, Laura E. Rodriguez
Summary: Cassini measurements suggest hydrothermal activity on Enceladus that could support methanogenesis. Bayesian analysis of models simulating an abiotic or biotic ocean indicates the latter is more probable so long as abiogenesis is sufficiently likely to occur.
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
David A. Savitz, Gregory A. Wellenius
Summary: Cross-sectional studies are often seen as minimally informative for causal inference, but not all of them suffer from limitations such as reverse causality or assessment of prevalence instead of incidence. Regardless of these limitations, a cross-sectional study can still provide insights into causal effects. Labelling a study as cross-sectional and assuming these limitations exist without a nuanced assessment may discard valuable evidence for assessing causal relationships.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Wendy L. Martinez
Summary: Every year, the Journal of the American Statistical Association publishes the presidential address from the Joint Statistical Meetings, providing insights into the development and trends in the field of statistics.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Social
Alican Mecit, Tina M. Lowrey, L. J. Shrum
Summary: The grammatical gender marking of nonhuman nouns in gendered languages influences individuals' anthropomorphism tendencies, as shown through comparisons between bilinguals and training studies. The effects are further confirmed within the French language through measurement and manipulation of gender markings of nonhuman nouns.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Business, Finance
Yukun Liu, Ben Matthies
Summary: This paper documents the existence of a persistent component in consumption growth and uses news coverage to capture investor concern about economic growth prospects. The authors provide evidence that consumption growth can be highly predictable over long horizons and show a strong connection between this predictability and asset prices. Their innovative measurement method prices 51 standard portfolios in the cross section, and their one-factor model outperforms many benchmark macro- and return-based multifactor models.
JOURNAL OF FINANCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Orthopedics
Danielle Hiam, Patrice Jones, Yannis Pitsiladis, Nir Eynon
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Salvador Santiago-Pescador, Daniel Fajardo-Blanco, Susana Lopez-Ortiz, Saul Penin-Grandes, Roberto Mendez-Sanchez, Alejandro Lucia, Juan Martin-Hernandez, Alejandro Santos-Lozano
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on muscle thickness and fatigue in the lower body of young healthy subjects. The results showed that the combination of BFR and NMES increased muscle thickness and induced fatigue more than isolated NMES.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
J. M. Ordovas, D. Rios-Insua, A. Santos-Lozano, A. Lucia, A. Torres, A. Kosgodagan, J. M. Camacho
Summary: This study constructs a Bayesian network based on a large population database and expert judgment to explore the interrelations between cardiovascular risk factors. It emphasizes the predictive assessment of medical conditions and provides a computational tool to explore and hypothesize such interrelations.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jon Brazier, Mark R. Antrobus, Adam J. Herbert, Peter C. Callus, Praval Khanal, Georgina K. Stebbings, Stephen H. Day, Shane M. Heffernan, Liam P. Kilduff, Mark A. Bennett, Robert M. Erskine, Stuart M. Raleigh, Malcolm Collins, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Alun G. Williams
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between polygenic profiles and elite rugby athletes. The results showed that elite rugby athletes had significantly higher genotype scores (TGS) compared to non-athletes, and TGS was able to distinguish between the two groups. In addition, a three-SNP model was identified to predict the elite athlete status. The findings suggest that elite rugby athletes may possess preferable musculoskeletal soft-tissue injury-related polygenic profiles.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Celia Garcia-Chico, Susana Lopez-Ortiz, Saul Penin-Grandes, Jose Pinto-Fraga, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Enzo Emanuele, Claudia Ceci, Grazia Graziani, Carmen Fiuza-Luces, Simone Lista, Alejandro Lucia, Alejandro Santos-Lozano
Summary: The prevalence of breast cancer is increasing and there is a need to investigate the molecular pathways that influence its progression. This review aims to describe the effects of physical exercise on breast cancer hallmarks, which are associated with the development of the disease. Regular physical exercise has positive effects on all major hallmarks of breast cancer and may help counteract its progression.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Pedro L. Valenzuela, Luis M. Ruilope, Alejandro Santos-Lozano, Matthias Wilhelm, Nicolle Kraenkel, Carmen Fiuza-Luces, Alejandro Lucia
Summary: There is a parallel between the pandemic of physical inactivity and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Regular physical activity and exercise can prevent and manage cardiovascular disease by improving metabolic health, reducing inflammation, and promoting cardiovascular adaptations. This review discusses the cardiovascular effects of physical activity and exercise, as well as the safe implementation in patients with cardiovascular disease.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Felix Mahfoud, Giuseppe Mancia, Roland E. Schmieder, Luis Ruilope, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Markus Schlaich, Bryan Williams, Flavio Ribichini, Joachim Weil, Khaled Almerri, Faisal Sharif, Lucas Lauder, Marianne Wanten, Martin Fahy, Michael Boehm
Summary: This study investigated whether the number or type of antihypertensive medications were associated with increased long-term blood pressure reductions and cardiovascular outcomes following radiofrequency renal denervation (RDN) in hypertensive patients. The results showed that radiofrequency RDN reduced blood pressure safely through 36 months, regardless of the number and type of baseline antihypertensive medication classes.
Article
Sport Sciences
Melanie Knopp, Borja Muniz-Pardos, Henning Wackerhage, Martin Schoenfelder, Fergus Guppy, Yannis Pitsiladis, Daniel Ruiz
Summary: This study compares the running economy of world-class Kenyan runners and European amateur runners wearing advanced footwear technology and traditional racing flats on a laboratory treadmill. The results show a significant medium benefit of advanced footwear technology on running economy compared with traditional flats. However, there is large variability in performance among different athletes, indicating the need for further research to understand the cause of these differences.
Article
Pediatrics
Carmen Matey-Rodriguez, Susana Lopez-Ortiz, Saul Penin-Grandes, Jose Pinto-Fraga, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Monica Pico, Carmen Fiuza-Luces, Simone Lista, Alejandro Lucia, Alejandro Santos-Lozano
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of Evenson cut-points for estimating moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in children and adolescents with disabilities, as well as to define new equations for estimating energy expenditure (EE) in this population, particularly in those with cerebral palsy (CP). Specific GT3X+ cut-points were also defined for estimating MVPA in individuals with CP. The results indicate that using specific ActiGraph GT3X+ cut-points is accurate for estimating MVPA levels in children and adolescents with disabilities, especially those with CP, at least in laboratory conditions.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Pedro L. Valenzuela, Alejandro Santos-Lozano, Carmen Fiuza-Luces, Alejandro Lucia
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Letter
Sport Sciences
Blair Hamilton, Fergus Guppy, Yannis Pitsiladis
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Saul Penin-Grandes, Susana Lopez-Ortiz, Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo, Hector Menendez, Jose Pinto-Fraga, Juan Martin-Hernandez, Simone Lista, Alejandro Lucia, Alejandro Santos-Lozano
Summary: This systematic review evaluates the effects of regular exercise in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) by summarizing published meta-analyses. The review finds that exercise has a positive impact on functional parameters and health-related quality of life in PAD patients. Supervised aerobic exercise is particularly effective in improving walking-related outcomes and pain, while resistance exercise is more effective for improving lower limb strength.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Morten Carstens Moe, Emin Ozmert, Christophe Baudouin, Abhinav Binadra, Sven Crafoord, Young Jo, Hayyam Kiratli, Melita Moore, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Udo Rolle, Ben Tan, Ozge Yanik, Richard Budgett, Ugur Erdener, Kathrin Steffen, Lars Engbretsen
Summary: Vision plays a crucial role in athletes' success, with 80% of perceptual input being visual. Eye health and sports medicine are closely intertwined, as the physical nature of sports makes athletes more prone to eye injuries. In addition to injuries, vision problems such as blurred vision and light sensitivity can also affect athletes' performance. Collaboration between sports medicine professionals and ophthalmologists is necessary to provide athletes with appropriate eye care and guidance on eye protection.
BMJ OPEN SPORT & EXERCISE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Elliott C. R. Hall, Sarah J. J. Lockey, Shane M. M. Heffernan, Adam J. J. Herbert, Georgina K. K. Stebbings, Stephen H. H. Day, Malcolm Collins, Yannis P. P. Pitsiladis, Robert M. M. Erskine, Alun G. G. Williams
Summary: Success in long-distance running is influenced by factors such as oxygen utilization, lactate metabolism, and genetic associations. The Gly allele of the PPARGC1A Gly482Ser rs8192678 polymorphism has been linked to endurance athlete status and favorable adaptations to aerobic training. This study examined the association of rs8192678 with elite status and performance among long-distance runners. The results showed that athletes carrying the Ser allele had a 2.5% faster performance compared to Gly/Gly homozygotes.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Giscard Lima, Jonathan Shurlock, Guan Wang, Antonia Karanikolou, Shaun Sutehall, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Angelo D'Alessandro
Summary: This study aimed to identify a robust metabolomics signature of rHuEpo using an untargeted approach in blood and urine, and found alterations in metabolic pathways associated with erythropoiesis or erythrocyte membrane function.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2023)
