Review
Immunology
Ram Bhupal Reddy Nagireddy, Anand Kumar, Varun Kumar Singh, Rajniti Prasad, Abhishek Pathak, Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia, Vijaya Nath Mishra, Deepika Joshi
Summary: MOGAD and NMOSD are two distinct autoimmune inflammatory central nervous system diseases, with MOGAD patients typically showing milder symptoms and better response to treatment.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tetsuya Akaishi, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Tatsuro Misu, Kimihiko Kaneko, Yoshiki Takai, Shuhei Nishiyama, Ryo Ogawa, Juichi Fujimori, Tadashi Ishii, Masashi Aoki, Kazuo Fujihara, Ichiro Nakashima
Summary: Intrathecal production of MOG-IgG may occur more frequently than that of AQP4-IgG, suggesting different properties of B-cell trafficking and antibody production between MOG-IgG-associated disease and AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD.
Article
Biology
Michela Ada Noris Ferilli, Roberto Paparella, Ilaria Morandini, Laura Papetti, Lorenzo Figa Talamanca, Claudia Ruscitto, Fabiana Ursitti, Romina Moavero, Giorgia Sforza, Samuela Tarantino, Martina Proietti Checchi, Federico Vigevano, Massimiliano Valeriani
Summary: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a rare inflammatory disease in children characterized by recurrent inflammation in the optic nerves and spinal cord, and can also affect other regions of the central nervous system. Early diagnosis is crucial for initiating appropriate treatment.
Article
Immunology
Wei Jiang, Xuan Sun, Huasheng Huang, Hui Sun, Shimin Zhang, Mianwang He, Xiaojun Yu, Dehui Huang, Lei Wu
Summary: Bilateral parafalcine cortical and leptomeningeal impairment (BPCLI) is a rare finding observed in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease (MOGAD) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). This study aimed to describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with BPCLI. The results showed that 15.1% of MOGAD patients and 0.7% of AQP4 NMOSD patients had BPCLI, and BPCLI attacks responded well to high-dose methylprednisolone or immunoglobulin therapy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Florence Pache, Marius Ringelstein, Orhan Aktas, Ingo Kleiter, Sven Jarius, Nadja Siebert, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, Friedemann Paul, Klemens Ruprecht
Summary: The study found subtle complement consumption in clinically stable AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD patients, but not in MOGAD patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
N. Shor, R. Deschamps, A. Cobo Calvo, E. Maillart, H. Zephir, J. Ciron, C. Papeix, F. Durand-Dubief, A. Ruet, X. Ayrignac, M. Cohen, K. Deiva, D. Laplaud, B. Bourre, B. Audoin, N. Collongues, S. Vukusic, F. Cotton, R. Marignier
Summary: Knowledge of the radiological spectrum of MOGAD is expanding rapidly, with MRI playing a crucial role in diagnosis and prognosis. Differentiating MOGAD from other diseases is essential for appropriate management.
REVUE NEUROLOGIQUE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xuelian Chen, Libo Cheng, Ying Pan, Peng Chen, Yidan Luo, Shiyi Li, Wenjun Zou, Ke Wang
Summary: This study compares the immunological mechanisms between aquaporin 4 antibody-associated optic neuritis (AQP4-ON) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated optic neuritis (MOG-ON) based on RNA sequencing analysis of whole blood samples. The results show that AQP4-ON patients mainly activate inflammatory signaling through TLR2, TLR5, TLR8, and TLR10, while MOG-ON patients mainly activate it through TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR8. Additionally, immune cell infiltration analysis reveals a correlation between the proportion of infiltrated immune cells and patients' vision.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eleonora Virgilio, Domizia Vecchio, Marco Vercellino, Paola Naldi, Fabiana Tesser, Roberto Cantello, Paola Cavalla, Cristoforo Comi
Summary: AQP4-IgG neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are rare idiopathic autoimmune diseases with a potential association with tumors, and there is currently no consensus on treatment for paraneoplastic syndrome.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Christopher C. Glisson
Summary: NMOSD is a group of potentially devastating inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system that primarily affect the optic nerve(s) and spinal cord, leading to severe and irreversible neurological disability. Early diagnosis and pharmacologic intervention are crucial for management.
CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chenyang Zhang, Kang Zhang, Bing Chen, Jiao Yin, Miaomiao Dong, Yixin Qin, Xiao Yang
Summary: This case report describes a patient with anti-antibody-negative NMOSD presenting with meningitis as the initial symptom. It highlights the importance of recognizing meningitis as a recurrent manifestation of NMOSDneg and the need for careful evaluation in such cases.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jae-Won Hyun, Hye Lim Lee, Jaehong Park, Jiah Kim, Ju-Hong Min, Byoung Joon Kim, Seung Woo Kim, Ha Young Shin, So-Young Huh, Woojun Kim, Ji Won Seo, Ki Hoon Kim, Su-Hyun Kim, Ho Jin Kim
Summary: By analyzing spinal MRI scans in a large cohort, it was found that brighter spotty lesions (BSL) can help differentiate between AQP4-NMOSD and MOGAD, providing a useful tool for accurate diagnosis during the acute phase.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Pranav B. Joshi, Shalin D. Shah, Mayank A. Patel, Sudhir Shah, Shailesh H. Darji, Kailash C. Mirche
Summary: This study analyzed the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) associated with aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) serology status. The results showed differences in age, gender, and prognosis between the AQP4-Ab positive and negative groups. The antibody status may guide the treatment approach during the first attack of NMOSD.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sukhvir K. Wright, Evangeline Wassmer, Angela Vincent
Summary: NMOSD is a rare but severe relapsing remitting demyelinating disease that affects both adults and children, with most patients having pathogenic antibodies targeting the central nervous system AQP4 protein. This review provides an update on disease pathophysiology, clinical features, paraclinical features, and therapeutic management.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Chuan-bin Sun
Summary: This study evaluated the prevalence of MOG-Ab and AQP4-Ab in ON patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that 28.6% (10/35) of ON cases were positive for MOG-Ab and 5.7% (2/35) were positive for AQP4-Ab.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Siqi Yang, Juan Tian, Hui Huang, Zhe Yan
Summary: The diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) can be easily missed or delayed due to its varied clinical features, especially at the initial presentation. Hyponatremia, a rare complication of NMOSD, may present as an initial sign and is caused by autoimmune-related antibodies attacking the hypothalamus. Understanding this pathophysiologic mechanism can aid clinicians in early diagnosis of NMOSD.
CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Perrine Marion, Alienor De Chalus, Laetitia Giorgi, Celine Bellesme, Pascale Cretien, Helene Maurey, Kumaran Deiva
Summary: This article describes a case of anti-Hu encephalitis in a 4-year-old girl, which had a severe clinical outcome. However, aggressive immunotherapy led to a marked neurological improvement after 9 months of onset. This case highlights the paramount importance of early diagnosis and early specific therapy for this disease.
Article
Immunology
Michael Jager, Stefanie Dichtl, Rosa Bellmann-Weiler, Markus Reindl, Cornelia Lass-Florl, Doris Wilflingseder, Wilfried Posch
Summary: The study found that immunity to Omicron variants wanes over time in individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273 vaccines. The strongest neutralization and T-cell response against Omicron BA.1 were detected in ChAdOx1 vaccinees 6 months after the second dose, but no long-lasting neutralization against BA.2 was observed.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Rehabilitation
Barbara Seebacher, Markus Reindl, Turhan Kahraman
Summary: This study investigated factors and strategies affecting and enhancing motor imagery (MI) ability in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Cognitive impairment, cognitive fatigue, and disability were found to negatively influence MI ability, while external visual and/or rhythmic-auditory cueing and the use of a theory-based MI framework were identified as strategies to enhance MI ability.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Magdalena Lerch, Angelika Bauer, Markus Reindl
Summary: MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a demyelinating disease with optic neuritis as the most common symptom. The disease is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against MOG (MOG-IgG) in patient's serum. The role of MOG-IgG in the pathogenesis of the disease is still not fully understood. This review summarizes the current research findings on MOGAD, optic neuritis, MOG antibodies, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Brenda Banwell, Jeffrey L. Bennett, Romain Marignier, Ho Jin Kim, Fabienne Brilot, Eoin P. Flanagan, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Patrick Waters, Silvia Tenembaum, Jennifer S. Graves, Tanuja Chitnis, Alexander U. Brandt, Cheryl Hemingway, Rinze Neuteboom, Lekha Pandit, Markus Reindl, Albert Saiz, Douglas Kazutoshi Sato, Kevin Rostasy, Friedemann Paul, Sean J. Pittock, Kazuo Fujihara, Jacqueline Palace
Summary: Serum antibodies against MOG can help diagnose MOGAD, which is distinct from multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. The presence of MOG-IgG is a core criterion for the diagnosis. MOGAD can present with various symptoms and can be either monophasic or relapsing, and diagnostic accuracy relies on MOG-IgG cell-based assays.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Magdalena Lerch, Kathrin Schanda, Eliott Lafon, Reinhard Wuerzner, Sara Mariotto, Alessandro Dinoto, Eva Maria Wendel, Christian Lechner, Harald Hegen, Kevin Rostasy, Thomas Berger, Doris Wilflingseder, Romana Hoeftberger, Markus Reindl
Summary: This study aimed to investigate complement-mediated cytotoxicity induced by IgG anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-IgG) in serum samples from patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and MOG-IgG-associated disease (MOGAD). Cell-based assays were used to measure complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and formation of the terminal complement complex (TCC) in response to the antibodies. Results showed that AQP4-IgG induced higher CDC and TCC levels compared to MOG-IgG.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Marianna Spatola, Omar Chuquisana, Wonyeong Jung, Joseph A. Lopez, Eva-Maria Wendel, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Christian W. Keller, Tim Hahn, Edgar Meinl, Markus Reindl, Russell C. Dale, Heinz Wiendl, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Kevin Rostasy, Fabienne Brilot, Galit Alter, Jan D. Luenemann
Summary: Using a systems-level approach, we investigated humoral immune responses in 123 patients with MOGAD. Our study revealed that age is a significant factor in determining MOG-antibody-related immune signatures. Moreover, we identified two dominant immunological endophenotypes of MOGAD, with the pro-inflammatory endophenotype associated with clinically active disease. Our findings suggest that FcyR-mediated effector functions control the pathogenicity of MOG-specific IgG and highlight the potential of FcyR-targeting therapies in treating MOGAD.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Daniel Engels, Simone Mader, Stefanie Foerderreuther, Markus Reindl, Joachim Havla, Edgar Meinl, Tania Kuempfel, Lisa Ann Gerdes
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Kristina Traxler, Eva Baum, Edith Klotz, Markus Reindl, Franz Schinabeck, Barbara Seebacher
Summary: This study aimed to describe changes in balance and mobility in chronic stroke patients following specific task-oriented training (TOT), its combination with talocrural manual therapy (MT-TOT) or no intervention. The feasibility of a full-scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) was explored based on recruitment, retention, adherence rates, adverse events, falls, and acceptability of the interventions. The preliminary results showed the effectiveness of MT-TOT and TOT in improving balance, mobility, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, falls, and health-related quality of life in stroke patients.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Barbara Seebacher, Elena Bergmann, Carole Geimer, Turhan Kahraman, Markus Reindl, Gudrun Diermayr
Summary: This study investigated the determinants of willingness to adopt telerehabilitation, willingness of technology use, core affect regarding using telerehabilitation, and digital competencies in rehabilitation professionals in Austria and Germany before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional paper-based and online survey was conducted with three cohorts of rehabilitation professionals. The results showed differences between Austria and Germany and before and during the pandemic for most outcomes. German residency, the pandemic, and a higher educational level were the most important predictors of higher willingness to adopt telerehabilitation, willingness of technology use, digital competencies, and positive core affect.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Arabella Buchmann, Lukas Pirpamer, Daniela Pinter, Margarete Voortman, Birgit Helmlinger, Alexander Pichler, Aleksandra Maleska Maceski, Pascal Benkert, Gerhard Bachmaier, Stefan Ropele, Markus Reindl, David Leppert, Jens Kuhle, Christian Enzinger, Michael Khalil
Summary: This study findings suggest that elevated levels of sNfL have a significant impact on brain volume changes and can indicate disease progression in pwMS over a short-term period.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Markus Reindl, Kevin Rostasy
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Klaus Berek, Angelika Bauer, Dagmar Rudzki, Michael Auer, Robert Barket, Anne Zinganell, Magdalena Lerch, Livia Hofer, Astrid Grams, Paulina Poskaite, Sebastian Wurth, Thomas Berger, Franziska Di Pauli, Florian Deisenhammer, Harald Hegen, Markus Reindl
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of 65 different cytokines, chemokines, and related molecules in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of newly diagnosed people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The results showed that 29 cytokines and chemokines were significantly elevated in the CSF, while 15 were elevated in the serum. Additionally, associations were found between 34 analytes and sex, age, CSF, MRI parameters, and disease progression. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and its association with disease progression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anne-Charlotte Saponaro, Thomas Tully, Elisabeth Maillart, Helene Maurey, Kumaran Deiva
Summary: A real-world observational study found that newer and/or second-line disease-modifying treatments show better efficacy and safety profiles compared to interferon beta-1a in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Natalizumab tends to emerge as the most effective treatment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah Brandl, Markus Reindl
Summary: The blood-brain barrier, formed by interconnected microvascular endothelial cells, separates the brain from the peripheral circulation. This barrier becomes leaky during neuroinflammation, allowing molecules and cells to enter the brain and potentially cause damage. Animal models may not always represent human pathophysiology accurately, so human models are needed. This review provides an overview of the blood-brain barrier and its role in health and disease, explores in vitro models, and discusses different types of models used in basic research to study neuroinflammatory conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)