Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Margherita Barbuti, Marco Maiello, Vincenza Spera, Alessandro Pallucchini, Giulio E. Brancati, Angelo G. I. Maremmani, Giulio Perugi, Icro Maremmani
Summary: Adults with ADHD often have comorbid substance use disorder (SUD), leading to greater severity of both disorders and additional challenges for treatment. Current research on pharmacological management of ADHD with comorbid SUD is limited, particularly in regards to the long-term effects of stimulant medications on dopamine signaling. Evidence suggests that high doses of stimulant medications have moderate efficacy on ADHD symptoms in ADHD-SUD subjects, but there is a risk for misuse. Atomoxetine is recommended for ADHD with comorbid cocaine or amphetamine use disorder, but its effectiveness in reducing addictive behavior is not well-demonstrated. For other subtypes of SUD, both atomoxetine and stimulant drugs have limited impact on addictive behavior, and a combination of ADHD treatment and SUD-specific strategies is recommended.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samuele Cortese, Minjin Song, Luis C. Farhat, Dong Keon Yon, Seung Won Lee, Min Seo Kim, Seoyeon Park, Jae Won Oh, San Lee, Keun-Ah Cheon, Lee Smith, Corentin J. Gosling, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, Henrik Larsson, Luis A. Rohde, Stephen V. Faraone, Ai Koyanagi, Elena Dragioti, Joaquim Radua, Andre F. Carvalho, Jae Il Shin, Marco Solmi
Summary: Data on ADHD incidence, prevalence, and burden from the Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019 were presented. The study found that the global age-standardized incidence and prevalence of ADHD were 0.061% and 1.13% respectively in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, there was a decrease in global age-standardized prevalence and incidence. Males had approximately 2.5 times higher incidence, prevalence, and burden compared to females.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Louisa Gibson, Melanie Porter
Summary: This study examined the potential impact of maternal alcohol and tobacco use during lactation on the risk of ADHD and ASD in children, finding no significant associations. While alcohol and tobacco use during lactation may not increase the risk of ADHD or ASD, abstaining from these substances is still the safest option. Future research should address limitations such as lack of alcohol timing and retrospective variables.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Maria Teresa Daza Gonzalez, Jessica Phillips-Silver, Remedios Lopez Liria, Nahuel Gioiosa Maurno, Laura Fernandez Garcia, Pamela Ruiz-Castaneda
Summary: The study aims to determine whether deaf children exhibit higher rates of ADHD and conduct disorder behaviors compared to hearing children. The findings show that deaf children have significantly higher rates of these behaviors, with a negative correlation found between receptive vocabulary and behaviors associated with conduct disorder in deaf children. However, inhibitory control scores did not differ between deaf and hearing children.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Merete G. Oie, Kjetil Sundet, Elisabeth Haug, Pal Zeiner, Ole Klungsoyr, Bjorn R. Rund
Summary: The study compared EOS, ADHD, and a healthy control group on cognitive tests over 25 years, finding cognitive stagnation in EOS group from T1 to T2 but significant improvement from T2 to T3, while the ADHD group consistently improved over the study period, supporting a maturational delay hypothesis for ADHD.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Anka Bernhard, Jutta S. Mayer, Nikola Fann, Christine M. Freitag
Summary: This systematic review investigated the cortisol stress response to psychosocial stress in ADHD compared to Conduct Disorder (CD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The study found that alterations of cortisol stress response in ADHD were less pronounced compared to CD and MDD, and were primarily driven by comorbidity with disruptive behavior disorders such as CD and ODD.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Seongju Kim, Dohyung Kim
Summary: Childhood ADHD is not directly linked to lifetime substance use in adolescence, while symptoms of CD are significantly associated with increased risk for substance use, including cannabis, cocaine, and other substances.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Bezawit E. Kase, Nanda Rommelse, Qi Chen, Lin Li, Anneli Andersson, Ebba Du Rietz, Melissa Vos, Samuele Cortese, Henrik Larsson, Catharina A. Hartman
Summary: This study found a stable link between ADHD symptoms and BMI during adolescence, primarily with hyperactive and impulsive symptoms rather than inattention. No direct effects were found between ADHD symptoms and BMI increase or enhanced ADHD symptoms due to BMI during this period.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vincenza Spera, Alessandro Pallucchini, Marco Carli, Marco Maiello, Angelo G. Maremmani, Giulio Perugi, Icro Maremmani
Summary: The study compared demographic, clinical, and symptomatologic features between Dual Disorder A-ADHD (DD/A-ADHD) patients and those without dual disorders (NDD/A-ADHD). Results showed that NDD patients were more likely diagnosed with inattentive ADHD subtype, while DD/A-ADHD patients displayed more severe symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity. Type 1 and Type 2 substance use patterns had different effects on A-ADHD patients, leading to varied implications in diagnostic and therapeutic processes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Anna R. Van Meter, Margaret H. Sibley, Pankhuree Vandana, Boris Birmaher, Mary A. Fristad, Sarah Horwitz, Eric A. Youngstrom, Robert L. Findling, L. Eugene Arnold
Summary: The course of childhood-onset attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) varies across individuals, with some experiencing persistent symptoms and others having fluctuating or remitting symptoms. This study examined the longitudinal course of ADHD symptoms and associated clinical characteristics in adolescents with childhood-onset ADHD. The findings showed that about half of the participants had a consistent course of ADHD, while nearly 40% experienced symptom remission and the remaining participants had fluctuating symptoms.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Developmental
Traci M. Kennedy, Brooke S. G. Molina
Summary: In their recent examination of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) data, McCabe et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2023) investigate the relationship between stimulant medication treatment for adolescents with ADHD and their risk for substance use. Their nuanced findings suggest an increased risk for illicit stimulant use and non-prescribed stimulant medication use in youth who initiate treatment later and have shorter treatment duration. The authors highlight the clinical implications and recommend further research to clarify this important issue.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alessandro Pallucchini, Marco Carli, Angelo G. I. Maremmani, Marco Scarselli, Giulio Perugi, Icro Maremmani
Summary: The study found that in A-ADHD-SUD patients, the treatment retention rate was the same as in A-ADHD patients without SUD, suggesting that substance use comorbidity does not have an influence on this clinical parameter.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Morgan M. Grotewiel, Megan E. Crenshaw, Amelia Dorsey, Elizabeth Street
Summary: Hyperfocus and flow are intense concentration experiences associated with reduced perception of irrelevant stimuli and improved task performance. Hyperfocus has been historically seen as a symptom of ADHD, autism, or schizophrenia, while flow is regarded as an enjoyable experience in positive psychology. Recent studies suggest that hyperfocus and flow may be the same phenomenon viewed from different perspectives.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sofia Santos, Helena Ferreira, Joao Martins, Joana Goncalves, Miguel Castelo-Branco
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders have an early onset and result in social and communication impairments as well as cognitive deficits. The importance of biological sex in determining behavioral and cognitive vulnerability has been confirmed, impacting diagnosis and therapeutic response. Male bias exists to varying extents in autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Genetic predisposition, endocrine factors, and environmental factors interact to influence the onset, progression, and severity of the disorders.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Ebru Saglam, Ayhan Bilgic, Sedat Abusoglu, Ali Unlu, Abdullah Sivrikaya
Summary: This study found alterations in the levels of biochemical molecules related to the tryptophan metabolic pathway in children with ADHD, suggesting a potential role of TMP in the pathophysiology of ADHD-C.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
M. N. Parikh, M. Chen, A. Braimah, J. Kline, K. McNally, J. W. Logan, L. Tamm, K. O. Yeates, W. Yuan, L. He, N. A. Parikh
Summary: The study found widespread microstructural white matter abnormalities in very preterm infants at term, which were significantly associated with cognitive and motor development at 3 years of age corrected.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Joseph W. Fredrick, Beatriz Rodriguez, James D. Lynch, Richard E. A. Loren, Leanne Tamm
Summary: Irritability and temper loss are common concerns in mental health evaluations of children, requiring careful assessment for appropriate treatment recommendations. The case study describes a 6-year-old boy displaying severe temper loss at home and school, with detailed suggestions for assessment strategies and clarification of differential diagnoses.
CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kelly Kamimura-Nishimura, William B. Brinkman, Jeffery N. Epstein, Yin Zhang, Mekibib Altaye, John Simon, Avani C. Modi, Tanya E. Froehlich
Summary: The study examines the impact of patient-related and parent-related factors, medication-related factors, and health care system-related factors on ADHD medication continuity. The results show that child demographic factors, parent beliefs, and medication-related factors are associated with continuation of ADHD medication.
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Education, Special
Leanne Tamm, Sydney M. Risley, Elizabeth Hamik, Angela Combs, Lauren B. Jones, Jamie Patronick, Tat Shing Yeung, Allison K. Zoromski, Amie Duncan
Summary: This study assessed the feasibility, satisfaction, and initial efficacy of the AIMS intervention in middle-school students with ASD. The results suggest that the intervention has promising effects on improving academic EF skills and behaviors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Anne E. Berset, Jeffery N. Epstein, Kevin A. Hommel, William B. Brinkman
Summary: This study aims to validate the quantifiability of the Unified Theory of Behavior Change (UTBC) model among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and examine the relationships between preintention factors, behavioral intentions, and implementation factors. Longitudinal analyses were conducted on data from 40 ADHD adolescents and their parents, using standardized measures for self-reporting UTBC constructs. The results showed that adolescent intention to take ADHD medicine every school day was significantly related to medication continuity, with self-concept/image and confidence being the most important factors. Compared to their parents, adolescents reported lower belief and intention to take ADHD medicine and faced more barriers to medication.
ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Kristina I. Suorsa-Johnson, Melissa D. Gardner, William Brinkman, Meg Carley, Larry Gruppen, Noi Liang, Sophie Lightfoot, Kendra Pinkelman, Phyllis W. Speiser, Brian VanderBrink, Jessica Wisniewski, David E. Sandberg, Dawn Stacey
Summary: This study assessed healthcare professionals' perceptions of parental decision-making needs when an infant is born with a DSD. The results showed that most healthcare professionals believed parents experience signs of decisional conflict, such as confusion, worry, and fear, when faced with decisions.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC UROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Leanne Tamm, Kelly A. McNally, Mekibib Altaye, Nehal A. Parikh
Summary: It is unclear whether mathematical skills are related to adaptive functioning in children born preterm. This study found that mathematical skills were uniquely and positively associated with adaptive behavior in preschool children who were born very preterm. This association was specifically related to practical and social composites of adaptive behavior. Knowledge of number and quantity concepts were associated with better adaptive functioning, particularly in home and community functioning, as well as play/social functioning.
CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Leanne Tamm, Jeffery N. Epstein, Sarah A. Orban, Michael J. Kofler, James L. Peugh, Stephen P. Becker
Summary: Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is characterized by excessive daydreaming, mental confusion, and slowed behavior or thinking. This study examined the association between CDS symptoms and neurocognitive functioning, and found that CDS symptoms were associated with slower cognitive processing across multiple domains, while symptoms of ADHD were associated with specific cognitive task impairments.
CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sarah Droder, Quintino M. Mano, Julia Guerin, Stephen Becker, Jeffery Epstein, Leanne Tamm
Summary: Children with attentional difficulties are more likely to face challenges in basic reading skills, including phonemic decoding and word recognition. This study examined the role of fluid reasoning (Gf) in phonemic decoding and word recognition among children being evaluated for ADHD. The results indicate that Gf has a direct effect on phonemic decoding in younger grades but an indirect effect through crystallized knowledge (Gc) in older grades. Gf also has an indirect effect on word recognition through phonemic decoding in the earlier grades, but not in later grades.
APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
James D. Lynch, Leanne Tamm, Annie A. Garner, Amina A. Avion, Donald L. Fisher, Adam W. Kiefer, James Peugh, John O. Simon, Jeffery N. Epstein
Summary: This study examined the association between executive functioning (EF) and risky driving behaviors in teens with ADHD. The results showed that individual differences in EF were associated with differences in risky driving behaviors in teens with ADHD.
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Leanne Tamm, Elizabeth Hamik, Tat Shing Yeung, Allison K. Zoromski, Constance A. Mara, Amie Duncan
Summary: This study aimed to assess the initial efficacy of the school-based version of the Achieving Independence and Mastery in School (AIMS) intervention for middle-school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability (ID). The findings suggest that implementing AIMS in the school setting improves academic executive functioning skills for students with ASD.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Leanne Tamm, Haley A. Day, Amie Duncan
Summary: Limited literature exists on the adaptive functioning of adolescents with ASD. This study found significant deficits in adaptive skills, particularly in social and daily living skills, among adolescents with ASD. Discrepancies were observed between IQ scores and adaptive functioning, with implications for clinicians and researchers.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Melissa Dvorsky, Leanne Tamm, Carolyn A. Denton, Jeffery N. Epstein, Christopher Schatschneider
Summary: This study explored different response patterns to interventions in children with ADHD and reading difficulties. Growth Mixture Modeling was used to study trajectories of academic impairment and oral reading fluency, revealing three trajectories for each. Children in reading intervention showed more stable or moderate improvement in academic impairment compared to those in ADHD or combined treatments. Moreover, children without comorbid anxiety and with better reading skills responded more positively to teacher-rated academic progress and oral reading fluency.
RESEARCH ON CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Education, Special
Leanne Tamm, Richard E. A. Loren, James Peugh, Heather A. Ciesielski
Summary: This study found that EF performance was uniquely associated with academic and social impairment in children diagnosed with ADHD, particularly in reading, written expression, and math. ADHD symptoms were more strongly correlated with impairment in social relationships, organized peer activities, and classroom behaviors.
JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Leanne Tamm, Allison K. Zoromski, Ellen E. Kneeskern, Meera Patel, Heather M. Lacey, Aaron J. Vaughn, Heather A. Ciesielski, Hannah K. Weadick, Amie W. Duncan
Summary: Middle school youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often struggle academically due to executive functioning (EF) deficits. A new intervention, Achieving Independence and Mastery in School (AIMS), shows promising results in improving EF skills, particularly in organization and materials management. This highlights the potential for intervention development to enhance academic EF skills in youth with ASD.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2021)