Article
Orthopedics
Matthew J. Miller, Jennifer M. Blankenship, Paul W. Kline, Edward L. Melanson, Cory L. Christiansen
Summary: The study found that individuals with lower limb amputation spent most of their time sitting, followed by standing and stepping. The majority of sitting time was accumulated in bouts of over 90 minutes, while standing and stepping activities were mostly accrued in bouts of less than 1 minute. Differences in sitting and standing time were observed between individuals with dysvascular and traumatic lower limb amputations.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Christian J. Brakenridge, Genevieve N. Healy, Parneet Sethi, Alison Carver, John Bellettiere, Agus Salim, Sebastien F. M. Chastin, Neville Owen, David W. Dunstan
Summary: The study found that reducing sitting time and increasing standing, especially replacing it with stepping, can improve glycemic control in middle-aged and older adults, particularly those at higher risk of type 2 diabetes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ashleigh R. Homer, Frances C. Taylor, Paddy C. Dempsey, Michael J. Wheeler, Parneet Sethi, Melanie K. Townsend, Megan S. Grace, Daniel J. Green, Neale D. Cohen, Robyn N. Larsen, Bronwyn A. Kingwell, Neville Owen, David W. Dunstan
Summary: Interrupting prolonged sitting with 6-minute bouts of simple resistance activities every 60 minutes significantly reduced postprandial glucose and insulin responses in adults with medication-controlled type 2 diabetes. Other frequencies of interruptions and potential longer-term benefits require further examination for clinical relevance.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Frances C. Taylor, David W. Dunstan, Ashleigh R. Homer, Paddy C. Dempsey, Bronwyn A. Kingwell, Rachel E. Climie, Neville Owen, Neale D. Cohen, Robyn N. Larsen, Megan Grace, Nina Eikelis, Michael J. Wheeler, Melanie K. Townsend, Nirav Maniar, Daniel J. Green
Summary: This study showed that interrupting prolonged sitting with activity breaks every 30 minutes significantly improved femoral artery flow-mediated dilation in T2D patients compared to uninterrupted sitting. More frequent and shorter breaks were found to be more beneficial for vascular health in T2D individuals.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
C. -y Lin, A. Shibata, K. Ishii, M. J. Koohsari, N. Hadgraft, D. W. Dunstan, N. Owen, K. Oka
Summary: This study investigated the differences in work performance (presenteeism, absenteeism, and engagement) when occupational sitting time is replaced by standing/stepping in desk workers. The results showed that reallocating time from sitting to standing/stepping at work was positively associated with work engagement, but not with presenteeism or absenteeism.
OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xiongfeng Pan, Atipatsa C. Kaminga, Shi Wu Wen, Aizhong Liu
Summary: This meta-analysis summarized the results of previous studies on the association between the chemokines system and T2DM/PDM. The findings revealed that concentrations of certain chemokines were significantly higher in T2DM patients compared to controls, while no difference was found in PDM patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ehtasham Ahmad, Soo Lim, Roberta Lamptey, David R. Webb, Melanie J. Davies
Summary: Type 2 diabetes accounts for nearly 90% of global diabetes cases, with an increasing number of affected individuals, particularly among young people. Early detection and proactive management are crucial for preventing complications and reducing mortality. Technology and precision medicine offer potential improvements to treatment outcomes but face significant barriers.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rocio Edith Garcia-Jacobo, Leticia Scussel Bergamin, Valentina Vultaggio-Poma, Maria Luiza Thorstenberg, Mario Tarantini, Mariana Haydee Garcia-Hernandez, Francesco Di Virgilio
Summary: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a crucial role as an energy intermediate in cellular metabolism and a signaling molecule outside of cells. Dysregulation of extracellular ATP (eATP) homeostasis is implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Increased eATP levels in T2DM contribute to inflammation and apoptosis of pancreatic beta-cells, worsening hyperglycemia.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kikuko Amo-Shiinoki, Katsuya Tanabe, Yoshinobu Hoshii, Hiroto Matsui, Risa Harano, Tatsuya Fukuda, Takato Takeuchi, Ryotaro Bouchi, Tokiyo Takagi, Masayuki Hatanaka, Komei Takeda, Shigeru Okuya, Wataru Nishimura, Atsushi Kudo, Shinji Tanaka, Minoru Tanabe, Takumi Akashi, Tetsuya Yamada, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Eiji Ikeda, Hiroaki Nagano, Yukio Tanizawa
Summary: The study reveals that there is a significant presence of dedifferentiation in diabetic islets in Japanese individuals, leading to beta cell loss. As the disease progresses, the proportion of dedifferentiated cells increases substantially, indicating that islet remodeling with dedifferentiation is the underlying cause of beta cell failure during the course of diabetes progression in humans.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daniel C. Parker, Ma Wan, Kurt Lohman, Li Hou, Anh Tram Nguyen, Jingzhong Ding, Alain Bertoni, Steve Shea, Gregory L. Burke, David R. Jacobs, Wendy Post, David Corcoran, Ina Hoeschele, John S. Parks, Yongmei Liu
Summary: miRNAs play a role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and are also associated with lipid levels.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rupjyoti Talukdar, Priyanka Sarkar, Aparna Jakkampudi, Subhaleena Sarkar, Mohsin Aslam, Manasa Jandhyala, G. Deepika, Misbah Unnisa, D. Nageshwar Reddy
Summary: This study found significant differences in gut microbiome composition between patients with diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis and other types of diabetes, including species richness, beta diversity, and unique bacterial species.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julia I. P. van Heck, Ranko Gacesa, Rinke Stienstra, Jingyuan Fu, Alexandra Zhernakova, Hermie J. M. Harmsen, Rinse K. Weersma, Leo A. B. Joosten, Cees J. Tack
Summary: The gut microbiome in patients with type 1 diabetes is altered and associated with glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. Factors such as HbA(1c) and disease duration play a significant role in the variation of the gut microbiome, while micro- and macrovascular complications also contribute to this variation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lucile Dollet, Michael Kuefner, Elena Caria, David Rizo-Roca, Logan Pendergrast, Ahmed M. Abdelmoez, Hakan K. R. Karlsson, Marie Bjornholm, Emilie Dalbram, Jonas T. Treebak, Jun Harada, Erik Naslund, Mikael Ryden, Juleen R. Zierath, Nicolas J. Pillon, Anna Krook
Summary: This study demonstrates that glutamine levels have a direct impact on skeletal muscle inflammation and insulin signaling. Increasing systemic glutamine levels improves insulin sensitivity and restores glucose homeostasis. Therefore, glutamine supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent or delay the onset of insulin resistance in obesity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michalis Michailidis, Despina Moraitou, Despina A. Tata, Kallirhoe Kalinderi, Theodora Papamitsou, Vasileios Papaliagkas
Summary: This review article discusses the shared pathophysiological connections between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), emphasizing the role of insulin in the brain and the mechanistic interplay between the two diseases. The findings highlight the need for routine evaluation and treatment of cognitive impairment in T2DM patients and the evaluation of insulin levels or T2DM in AD patients. The hypothesis of AD as a type 3 diabetes is strongly supported.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mauricio Castillo-Salazar, Fausto Sanchez-Munoz, Rashidi Springall del Villar, Gabriel Navarrete-Vazquez, Adrian Hernandez-DiazCouder, Carlos Mojica-Cardoso, Sara Garcia-Jimenez, Cairo Toledano-Jaimes, German Bernal-Fernandez
Summary: The study demonstrated that nitazoxanide has immunomodulatory effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with type 2 diabetes, inhibiting T lymphocyte proliferation, reducing various cytokine concentrations, and regulating the M1/M2 ratio through miRNA expression modulation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kamlesh Khunti, Eva L. Feldman, Neda Laiteerapong, William Parker, Ash Routen, Monica Peek
Summary: Major ethnic disparities in diabetes care and outcomes existed before the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, and the combination of ethnic disparities in diabetes care and COVID-19 outcomes may contribute to inequities in COVID-19 outcomes for people with diabetes. Ethnic minority populations have disproportionately higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality. Limited studies suggest that minority populations with diabetes have higher rates of hospitalization and mortality compared to White populations. The reasons for these disparities are complex and involve comorbid conditions, exposure risk, and access to treatment that vary by ethnicity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bader Alqahtani, Ragab K. Elnaggar, Mohammed M. Alshehri, Kamlesh Khunti, Aqeel Alenazi
Summary: This study investigated the national and regional prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Saudi Arabia. The results showed a high prevalence of DM in Saudi Arabia, indicating an urgent need for public health interventions to improve early detection and lifestyle interventions for diabetes. The study emphasizes the establishment and implementation of a national diabetes prevention program to reduce the health and economic burden of diabetes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIABETES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Karen O. B. Appiah, Kamlesh Khunti, Benjamin M. Kelly, Aidan Q. Innes, Zhining Liao, Michael Dymond, Robert G. Middleton, Thomas W. Wainwright, Thomas Yates, Francesco Zaccardi
Summary: This study aimed to develop risk scores of preoperative patient factors and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as predictors of patient-rated satisfaction and improvement following hip and knee replacements. Analysis of prospectively collected patient data showed that preoperative PROMs were closely related to surgical outcomes. Prediction models were developed to predict dissatisfaction and lack of improvement following surgery based on easily accessible preoperative patient factors and PROMs.
JOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tatiana Plekhanova, Alex Rowlands, Melanie J. Davies, Andrew P. Hall, Tom Yates, Charlotte L. Edwardson
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of an automated sleep detection algorithm applied to data from three accelerometers. The results showed that the sleep estimates obtained from the accelerometers were generally comparable to the results from polysomnography, except for wake after sleep onset.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Suping Ling, Francesco Zaccardi, Eyad Issa, Melanie J. Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Karen Brown
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine long-term trends in cancer mortality rates among individuals with type 2 diabetes, based on various demographic and risk factor subgroups. The results showed that while overall mortality rates decreased, cancer mortality rates increased in older individuals with type 2 diabetes, especially for colorectal, pancreatic, liver, and endometrial cancer. This highlights the need for tailored cancer prevention and early detection strategies to address disparities in the older population, individuals of lower socioeconomic status, and smokers.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Avraham Karasik, Stefanie Lanzinger, Elise Chia -Hui Tan, Daisuke Yabe, Dae Jung Kim, Wayne H. -H Sheu, Cheli Melzer-Cohen, Reinhard W. Holl, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Kamlesh Khunti, Francesco Zaccardi, Anuradhaa Subramanian, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Thomas Nystrom, Leo Niskanen, Majken Linnemann Jensen, Fabian Hoti, Riho Klements, Anouk Deruaz-Luyet, Moe H. Kyaw, Lisette Koeneman, Dorte Vistisen, Bendix Carstensen, Sigrun Halvorsen, Gisle Langslet, Soulmaz Fazeli Farsani, Elisabetta Patorno, Julio Nunez
Summary: This non-interventional cohort study evaluated the cardiovascular and kidney efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. The results showed that empagliflozin was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and end-stage renal disease, but a higher risk of diabetic ketoacidosis compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. The study provides further evidence of the beneficial cardiorenal effects and overall safety of empagliflozin.
DIABETES & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kamlesh Khunti, Volker Schnecke, Christiane Lundegaard Haase, Nina M. Harder-Lauridsen, Naveen Rathor, Kasper Sommer, Camilla S. Morgen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between weight loss/gain and the risk of developing 13 obesity-related complications (ORCs), according to baseline body mass index (BMI). The study included adults with obesity (>30 kg/m(2)) from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database, and the associations were examined using Cox proportional hazard models. The results revealed four distinct patterns of association between degree of weight change, baseline BMI, and the 13 ORCs.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Brenda Bongaerts, Oliver Kuss, Fabrice Bonnet, Hungta Chen, Andrew Cooper, Peter Fenici, Marilia B. Gomes, Niklas Hammar, Linong Ji, Kamlesh Khunti, Jesus Medina, Antonio Nicolucci, Marina V. Shestakova, Hirotaka Watada, Wolfgang Rathmann
Summary: This study aimed to identify different HbA1c trajectories in T2D patients starting second-line glucose-lowering therapy. Four distinct trajectories were found, with most patients achieving stable good or highly improved long-term glycaemic control. However, one-fifth of participants showed moderate or poor glycaemic control during follow-up.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ehtasham Ahmad, Franciskos Arsenyadis, Abdullah Almaqhawi, Mary Barker, Rishi Jobanputra, Jack A. Sargeant, David R. Webb, Thomas Yates, Melanie J. Davies
Summary: This study investigated the effects of novel glucose-lowering therapies (SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists) on physical function in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that GLP-1 receptor agonists had positive effects on self-reported physical function, but further research is needed to determine the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP4 inhibitors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jane Lyons, Vahe Nafilyan, Ashley Akbari, Stuart Bedston, Ewen Harrison, Andrew Hayward, Julia Hippisley-Cox, Frank Kee, Kamlesh Khunti, Shamim Rahman, Aziz Sheikh, Fatemeh Torabi, Ronan A. Lyons
Summary: The study validates the use of the QCOVID3 risk algorithm in the vaccinated population of Wales, demonstrating its applicability in assessing COVID-19 related risks and providing decision-making support.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Murray D. D. Smith, Colin Ridyard, Vanessa Botan, Amanda Brewster, Sally Dunmore, June James, Kamlesh Khunti, Despina Laparidou, Graham Law, Pauline Mountain, Leon Roberts, Elise Rowan, Robert Spaight, Keith Spurr, Aloysius N. N. Siriwardena
Summary: 'Hypos' can strike twice (HS2) is a leaflet-based referral intervention aimed at encouraging patients treated for hypoglycemia to engage with their healthcare providers for better medical management of diabetes, reducing the risk of recurrent hypoglycemia. An economic model comparing HS2 to standard care showed that HS2 resulted in slightly higher NHS costs (average £49.79) compared to standard care (average £40.50) in the two weeks following the initial attack. The probability of no recurrence of hypoglycemia was slightly higher under HS2 (42.4%) compared to standard care (39.4%), indicating a 7.6% reduction in relative risk. The study concludes that, in its current form, HS2 is not cost-effective compared to standard NHS care in reducing the risk of recurrent hypoglycemia within two weeks of an initial attack.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Lauren L. O'Mahoney, Ash Routen, Clare Gillies, Kamlesh Khuntia
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sharmin Shabnam, Sophia Abner, Clare L. Gillies, Melanie J. Davies, Terry Dex, Kamlesh Khunti, David R. Webb, Francesco Zaccardi, Samuel Seidu
Summary: The study found that delayed treatment intensification increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and complications in patients with suboptimal glycaemia, especially in those under the age of 65.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Melanie J. Davies, Amra Ciric Alibegovic, Pranav Kelkar, Uffe Christian Braae, Anders Boeck Jensen
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sharmin Shabnam, Clare L. Gillies, Melanie J. Davies, Terry Dex, Eka Melson, Kamlesh Khunti, David R. Webb, Francesco Zaccardi, Samuel Seidu
Summary: This study aims to identify factors associated with treatment inertia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have recently started on basal insulin. The study found that older age, female gender, longer duration of T2DM, living in deprived areas, smoking, presence of comorbidities, and use of certain medications were all associated with a delayed intensification of treatment. Interventions to overcome therapeutic inertia should be implemented at both patient and healthcare professional level.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)