Article
Oncology
Sonia Lee, Venkateswar R. Surabhi, Zahra Kassam, Kevin J. Chang, Harmeet Kaur
Summary: Imaging for colon and rectal cancer has evolved beyond assessing distant disease and resectability of the primary tumor. Radiologists now have the responsibility to provide precise descriptions of tumor invasion extent, monitor treatment response, and detect recurrence after complete response.
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan, Dominique Clement, Sarah Brown, Mark R. Howard, John K. Ramage
Summary: Rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms are increasing in incidence, mainly due to the rise in endoscopic procedures for bowel cancer screening. Both endoscopic and surgical options are discussed in this article to improve the chances of achieving a complete resection and the staging procedures necessary for these tumors. Factors predicting nodal involvement or recurrence are also reviewed to aid decision-making in choosing between endoscopic or surgical resection techniques. The management and long-term surveillance options for cases of R1 resection are also explored.
Review
Oncology
Vincent Vandecaveye, Frederic Amant, Frederic Lecouvet, Kristel Van Calsteren, Raphaela Carmen Dresen
Summary: Cancer diagnosis during pregnancy presents challenges, with physiological changes making imaging interpretation difficult. Ultrasound and MRI are preferred imaging modalities for pregnant women, while CT and nuclear imaging should only be used when the maternal benefit outweighs fetal risk.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adam R. Markowski, Agnieszka U. Blachnio-Zabielska, Karolina Pogodzinska, Anna J. Markowska, Piotr Zabielski
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous group of tumors with varied clinical and pathological features based on anatomical location. Sphingolipids play a role in cancer formation and progression, and their changes are important in carcinogenesis. This study analyzed the sphingolipid profile in colorectal cancer and found differences in cellular sphingolipid amounts between rectal and colonic cancer. The study also revealed qualitative and quantitative disturbances in sphingolipid metabolism in colorectal cancer, indicating the complexity of changes during cancer development depending on the tumor's location.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Erin Kennedy, Caroline Zwaal, Tim Asmis, Charles Cho, Jacqueline Galica, Alexandra Ginty, Anand Govindarajan
Summary: Regular monitoring and surveillance are recommended for patients with Stage I-III colon cancer, including medical history, physical examination, and CT imaging. Current recommendations lack sufficient evidence to support similar surveillance regimens for patients with rectal cancer, Stage IV colon cancer, and elderly patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alex Fitzhugh, Alison Corr, Arshi Denton, Anthony Antoniou
Summary: A 71-year-old man presented with altered bowel habit and haematochezia, diagnosed with the rare rectal extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. Despite treatment with chemoradiotherapy, his cardiac function precluded surgery, leading to disease progression and eventual death.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mantaj S. Brar, Anthony de Buck van Overstraeten, Nancy N. Baxter
Summary: In patients with medically refractory inflammatory bowel disease who undergo surgery preserving the rectum, the risk of rectal cancer is low and may be further reduced by surveillance endoscopy. Expectant management with surveillance endoscopy could be a reasonable alternative to completion proctectomy in selected patients.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Michal Jankowski, Wojciech M. Wysocki, Manuela Las-Jankowska, Karol Tkaczynski, Dorian Wisniewski, Dariusz Bala, Wojciech Zegarski
Summary: Rectal cancer is a common neoplasm with a high survival rate, but local recurrence after surgery remains a clinical challenge. This study evaluated the value of postoperative endoscopic surveillance (PES) for detecting local recurrence, finding that both endoscopy and imaging techniques are effective for diagnosis. However, PES is not superior to imaging techniques and is mainly useful for histopathological confirmation of suspected or confirmed recurrence.
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Maxime Salfrant, Gabriel C. T. E. Garcia, Jean-Pierre Guichard, Francois Bidault, Daniel Reizine, Anne Auperin, Damien Bresson, Benjamin Verillaud, Philippe Herman, Antoine Moya-Plana
Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of CT and MRI in detecting skull base and orbital invasion in sinonasal cancer patients. The results showed that MRI performed better in detecting skull base invasion, while the diagnostic value for orbital invasion was low.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gregoire Longchamp, Nicola Colucci, Frederic Ris, Nicolas C. Buchs
Summary: An 85-year-old woman, who had undergone a Hartmann's procedure two years prior, presented to the emergency department with abdominal bloating and severe constipation for 5 days. Abdominal CT revealed a large rectal stump mucocele causing mechanical ileus and bilateral pyelocaliceal dilatation. Successful transanal drainage with a rectal catheter resulted in rapid recovery.
Article
Surgery
Man Fung Ho, Victoria Cindy Lai, Dennis Chung Kei Ng, Simon Siu Man Ng
Summary: Aim: To compare the survival factors of patients with unresectable stage IV colon cancer treated with primary tumor resection (PTR) as the first treatment or conventional palliative chemotherapy. Methodology: Patients with minimally or asymptomatic stage IV colon cancer were identified from databases in different centers from 2015 to 2020. The patients were followed up based on whether they underwent PTR. The primary end point was overall survival, and risk factors affecting survival were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: The study included 162 patients. Cox regression analysis found that PTR, bone metastasis, commencement, and completion of systemic therapy were independent factors predicting survival. The median overall survival after PTR vs tumor in-situ was 28 vs 12 months. Conclusion: Resection of the primary tumor is an independent prognostic factor for relatively asymptomatic stage IV colon cancer patients with unresectable metastasis.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Orla Hennessy, Laurence Egan, Myles Joyce
Summary: This study reviewed the significant long-term complications associated with the rectal stump, provided guidelines for surgical management options, and outlined recommendations for endoscopic screening. Results showed that surveillance should be conducted according to risk stratification, with vigilance needed in endoscopy and biopsy for these patients.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Li-Chun Chang, Chia-Tung Shun, Been-Ren Lin, Silvia Sanduleanu, Weng-Feng Hsu, Ming-Shiang Wu, Han-Mo Chiu
Summary: A study conducted at the National Taiwan University Hospital from 2005 to 2014 compared the disease-free survival of T1 cancer arising from the rectum versus the colon. The results showed that T1 rectal cancer had a higher risk of recurrence compared to T1 colon cancer, with rectal location being an independent risk factor for recurrence. Further research is needed to explore whether adjuvant therapy or closer surveillance can reduce the risk of recurrence in T1 rectal cancer.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Edward H. Tsoi, Puneet Mahindra, Georgina Cameron, Richard Williams, Richard Norris, Paul Desmond, Spiro Raftopoulos, Darren Pavey, Arti Rattan, Luke F. Hourigan, Richard Lee, Michael J. Bourke, Naaz Sidhu, Rajvinder Singh, Andrew Chan, Sudarshan Krishnamurthi, Andrew C. F. Taylor
Summary: This study aimed to determine the proportion of prevalent HGD or EAC detected in Barrett's esophagus (BE) patients referred from the community with a recent diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia (LGD). The results showed that BERU assessment endoscopy identified more visible lesions than community referral endoscopy and identified HGD or EAC in 27% of patients referred from the community with a recent diagnosis of LGD. Reported progression rates from LGD to HGD or EAC may be overestimated.
GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Shria Kumar, Natalie Farha, Carol A. Burke, Bryson W. Katona
Summary: This article reviews the risks of upper gastrointestinal cancers in Lynch syndrome, the varying recommendations for surveillance, the outcomes of surveillance, and the controversies in the field. Based on collective experience, a framework for incorporating upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance into a risk management program for Lynch syndrome is provided.
