Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eun Kyoung Goh, Oh Yoen Kim, So Ra Yoon, Hyo Jeong Jeon
Summary: This study investigates the timing and determinants of adiposity rebound (AR) in children using large-scale nationwide data. The study finds that the AR usually occurs before the age of 5, and the risk of early AR (EAR) is influenced by gender and time periods. Adequate breastfeeding, proper diet, and reduced sugar-sweetened beverage consumption are important for reducing EAR.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rachele De Giuseppe, Federica Loperfido, Rosa Maria Cerbo, Maria Cristina Monti, Elisa Civardi, Francesca Garofoli, Micol Angelini, Beatrice Maccarini, Eduardo Sommella, Pietro Campiglia, Laura Bertuzzo, Marcello Chieppa, Stefano Ghirardello, Hellas Cena
Summary: Childhood obesity is a strong predictor of adult obesity, with significant health and economic consequences. Early adiposity rebound (EAR) occurring at around 2 years old may be related to early changes in the gut microbiome due to maternal/lifestyle changes and environmental exposures. The LIMIT study aims to identify the interplay between infant gut microbiome, infant/maternal lifestyle, and environmental factors, in order to find modifiable factors for effective and personalized prevention of childhood obesity.
Article
Pediatrics
Dan Lin, Di-di Chen, Jun Huang, Yun Li, Xiao-sa Wen, Hui-jing Shi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the timing of adiposity peak (AP) or adiposity rebound (AR) and the risk of overweight or obesity in school-age children, as well as explore the role of health behaviors. The results showed that children with a late AP or an early AR were at a higher risk of overweight. Additionally, high physical activity level and limited screen time were associated with a decreased risk of overweight or obesity.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maria Joao Fonseca, Carla Moreira, Ana Cristina Santos
Summary: The study found that the earlier the adiposity rebound in childhood, the worse the cardiometabolic health in late childhood, as evidenced by higher levels of various indicators such as BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, and insulin.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Dan Lin, Didi Chen, Jun Huang, Yun Li, Xiaosa Wen, Ling Wang, Huijing Shi
Summary: The study identified modifiable pre-birth or early-life factors associated with the timing of adiposity peak (AP) and adiposity rebound (AR) in children. Boys were less likely to have a late AP, but preterm born children had a higher risk of a late AP. Children breastfed for longer than 4 months were less likely to have an early AR, while children born to advanced-age mothers and who were born small for gestational age had a higher risk of early AR.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Russell T. T. Turner, Kira L. L. Nesser, Kenneth A. A. Philbrick, Carmen P. P. Wong, Dawn A. A. Olson, Adam J. J. Branscum, Urszula T. T. Iwaniec
Summary: Increased housing temperature and increased leptin have independent but opposing effects on BMAT in mice.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Monika Gawalko, Arnela Saljic, Na Li, Issam Abu-Taha, Thomas Jespersen, Dominik Linz, Stanley Nattel, Jordi Heijman, Anke Fender, Dobromir Dobrev
Summary: Obesity is a significant contributing factor to atrial fibrillation (AF) by causing systemic changes and affecting different adipose tissue depots. Adipose tissue secretes various mediators that promote AF and cardiac remodeling. This review discusses the role of obesity-related factors, specific adipose tissue depots, and molecular mechanisms in AF, highlighting gaps in current knowledge and implications for clinical management.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Adolfo G. Cuevas, Danielle M. Krobath, Brennan Rhodes-Bratton, Shu Xu, Jesulagbarami J. Omolade, Aniyah R. Perry, Natalie Slopen
Summary: Childhood obesity, especially among minority racial and ethnic groups, is a significant public health issue. This study aimed to assess the association between racial discrimination and adiposity in children and adolescents. The findings showed a positive relationship between racial discrimination and adiposity, as measured by BMI z score and waist circumference. Therefore, interventions to reduce exposure to racial discrimination in early life may help in reducing the risk of excess weight gain throughout the lifespan.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rishan Adha, Cheng-Yih Hong, M. Firmansyah, Ade Paranata
Summary: This study estimated the economy-wide rebound effect in Indonesia using panel data from 2002 to 2018, revealing that a 1% increase in household energy efficiency results in a reduction of energy consumption by 0.13% in the short term and 1.45% in the long term. Additionally, a backfire rebound effect was identified in provinces with high energy efficiency.
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mya Thway Tint, Navin Michael, Suresh Anand Sadananthan, Jonathan Yinhao Huang, Chin Meng Khoo, Keith M. Godfrey, Lynette Pei-Chi Shek, Ngee Lek, Kok Hian Tan, Fabian Yap, S. Sendhil Velan, Peter D. Gluckman, Yap-Seng Chong, Neerja Karnani, Shiao-Yng Chan, Melvin Khee-Shing Leow, Kuan Jin Lee, Yung-Seng Lee, Houchun Harry Hu, Cuilin Zhang, Marielle Fortier, Johan G. Eriksson
Summary: In young children, higher percentage of brown adipose tissue is associated with lower body mass index and reduced abdominal adipose tissue compartment volumes. The presence of BAT may have a protective effect against ectopic fat accumulation and fatty liver, contributing to a more favorable metabolic profile.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas Castro, Lauren C. Bates, Gabriel Zieff, Patricia Pagan Lassalle, James Faulkner, Sally Lark, Michael Hamlin, Paula Skidmore, T. Leigh Signal, Michelle A. Williams, Simon Higgins, Lee Stoner
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary patterns, activity behaviors, and physical fitness with adiposity in preadolescent children. The results showed that cardiorespiratory fitness was strongly associated with body fat percentage, fat mass, BMI, and waist to hip ratio. Fruit and vegetable consumption patterns had a negligible association with body fat percentage. Therefore, future interventions should focus on improving cardiorespiratory fitness to reduce childhood obesity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Reem S. Shawar, Maurice Puyau, Roman Shypailo, Salma Musaad, Nancy F. Butte, Fida Bacha
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between adiposity, insulin resistance, cardiorespiratory fitness, and bone mass in Hispanic youth. The findings suggest that adiposity is negatively related to bone mass, and this relationship is partially mediated by insulin resistance, while cardiorespiratory fitness may attenuate it.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andrew S. Baez, Lola R. Ortiz-Whittingham, Hannatu Tarfa, Foster Osei Baah, Keitra Thompson, Yvonne Baumer, Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
Summary: Social determinants of health (SDoH) significantly impact obesity as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the intersection of obesity, CVD, and social inequalities globally. Understanding the interaction between social and biological factors in obesity-related CVD disparities is crucial for equitable obesity interventions. This review emphasizes the relationships between socioeconomic, environmental, and psychosocial factors and obesity, and provides evidence for multi-level interventions targeting SDoH.
PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David S. Freedman, Amy J. Goodwin-Davies, Lyudmyla Kompaniyets, Samantha J. Lange, Alyson B. Goodman, Thao-Ly Tam Phan, Suchitra Rao, Ihuoma Eneli, Christopher B. Forrest
Summary: This study compared the importance of age at adiposity rebound versus childhood BMI to subsequent BMI levels and found that BMI at age 3 provides more information and is easier to obtain.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sajid Bashir Soofi, Ahmad Khan, Sumra Kureishy, Imtiaz Hussain, Muhammad Atif Habib, Muhammad Umer, Shabina Ariff, Muhammad Sajid, Arjumand Rizvi, Imran Ahmed, Junaid Iqbal, Khawaja Masuood Ahmed, Abdul Baseer Khan Achakzai, Zulfiqar A. A. Bhutta
Summary: This study analyzed the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) 2018 data to examine the prevalence and determinants of child stunting in Pakistan. Among the 52,602 children under five surveyed, 40.0% were found to be stunted. Male children in rural areas, children with mothers who had no education or lower levels of education, and children from lower-income households with no access to improved sanitation facilities and experiencing severe food insecurity were more likely to be stunted. Younger children and children with older mothers had lower odds of stunting.
Article
Developmental Biology
A. Langston-Cox, A. M. Muccini, S. A. Marshall, Yap, K. R. Palmer, E. M. Wallace, S. J. Ellery
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
A. G. Langston-Cox, D. Anderson, D. J. Creek, K. R. Palmer, S. A. Marshall, E. M. Wallace
Summary: Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, may serve as an adjuvant therapy for preeclampsia. The bioavailability of sulforaphane differs between non-pregnant women and women with preeclampsia, with higher doses required for pregnant women. Activation of broccoli extract results in better bioavailability of sulforaphane and may improve endothelial function and blood pressure in women with pregnancy hypertension.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Annie Langston-Cox, Sarah A. Marshall, Daisy Lu, Kirsten R. Palmer, Euan M. Wallace
Summary: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease characterized by hypertension and organ dysfunction. Traditional treatment has focused on antihypertensive medications, but recent insights into the pathogenesis have introduced new options such as melatonin. Melatonin, as a safe antioxidant, shows promise in improving maternal condition and protecting the fetus.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adam L. Valkovic, Martina Kocan, Brad Hoare, Sarah Marshall, Daniel J. Scott, Ross A. D. Bathgate
Summary: This article introduces a new BRET-based cGMP sensor called CYGYEL, which enables efficient and rapid detection of cGMP activity in plate-based assays and successfully detects cGMP signals in different cell types.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Yann W. Yap, Natalie J. Hannan, Euan M. Wallace, Sarah A. Marshall
Summary: Nrf proteins have been found to play a crucial role in placental-derived oxidative stress-induced pregnancy disorders. Successful silencing of Nrf proteins in human cells has been achieved for further research.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anida Velagic, Jasmin Chendi Li, Cheng Xue Qin, Mandy Li, Minh Deo, Sarah A. Marshall, Dovile Anderson, Owen L. Woodman, John D. Horowitz, Barbara K. Kemp-Harper, Rebecca H. Ritchie
Summary: This study demonstrates that in T2DM, NO · resistance in the heart and vasculature can be circumvented by the HNO donor Angeli's salt, preserving inotropic and lusitropic responses. These findings have important therapeutic potential for cardiovascular emergencies such as acute ischemia and heart failure.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
S. Rowson, M. Reddy, D. L. De Guingand, A. Langston-Cox, S. A. Marshall, F. da Silva Costa, K. R. Palmer
Summary: This study found that using placental-specific sFLT-1 e15a performs comparably to total sFLT-1 in diagnosing preeclampsia, which is particularly helpful in diagnosing early-onset preeclampsia.
Article
Developmental Biology
Courtney Barber, Yann Yap, Natalie J. Hannan, Euan M. Wallace, Sarah A. Marshall
Summary: Preeclampsia is a serious condition during pregnancy that can lead to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study found that activin A, a protein produced by the placenta, can cause dysfunction in blood vessels by impairing the relaxation of the blood vessel walls. This dysfunction may contribute to the widespread endothelial dysfunction seen in women with preeclampsia. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying preeclampsia and may lead to the development of new treatments for this condition.
Article
Biology
Natasha de Alwis, Natalie K. Binder, Sally Beard, Yeukai Tm Mangwiro, Elif Kadife, James S. M. Cuffe, Emerson Keenan, Bianca R. Fato, Tu'uhevaha J. Kaituiu-Lino, Fiona C. Brownfoot, Sarah A. Marshall, Natalie J. Hannan
Summary: Preeclampsia affects 2-8% of pregnancies worldwide. This study evaluates the effect of L-NAME in modeling preeclampsia in mice and its long-term effects on maternal cardiovascular health. The results show that L-NAME administration mimics key characteristics of preeclampsia but does not model the increased cardiovascular disease risk seen after preeclampsia.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2022)
Review
Developmental Biology
Courtney Barber, Jennifer H. Yo, Rahana Abdul Rahman, Euan M. Wallace, Kirsten R. Palmer, Sarah A. Marshall
Summary: Activin A is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, with diverse physiological roles. Altered activin A levels are associated with the development of various diseases, making it a potential therapeutic target. In pregnancy, activin A produced by the placenta and fetal membranes contributes to gestational disorders, and it may serve as a diagnostic marker for complications like miscarriage and preeclampsia.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Meaghan J. Griffiths, Sarah A. . Marshall, Fiona L. . Cousins, Lauren R. . Alesi, Jordan Higgins, Saranya Giridharan, Urooza C. . Sarma, Ellen Menkhorst, Wei Zhou, Alison S. . Care, Jacqueline F. . Donoghue, Sarah J. . Holdsworth-Carson, Peter A. W. . Rogers, Evdokia Dimitriadis, Caroline E. Gargett, Sarah A. Robertson, Amy L. Winship, Karla J. Hutt
Summary: Female cancer survivors are at a higher risk of infertility due to the damaging effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on the ovaries. However, the effects of cancer treatments on the uterus have been understudied. This study shows that total-body gamma-irradiation (TBI) damages the uterus, leading to compromised pregnancy success. The pro-apoptotic protein Puma is identified as a key mechanism in TBI-induced uterine damage, suggesting that inhibiting PUMA may be a potential fertility preservation strategy.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sarah A. Marshall, Remy B. Young, Jessica M. Lewis, Emily L. Rutten, Jodee Gould, Christopher K. Barlow, Cristina Giogha, Vanessa R. Marcelino, Neville Fields, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Elizabeth L. Hartland, Nichollas E. Scott, Samuel C. Forster, Emily L. Gulliver
Summary: Sulforaphane promotes the growth of specific gut microbiota and produces anti-inflammatory metabolites, providing a new mechanism for treating inflammatory states.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Neville J. Fields, Kirsten R. Palmer, Daniel L. Rolnik, Jennifer Yo, Marcel F. Nold, Michelle L. Giles, Sushena Krishnaswamy, Ary Serpa Neto, Ryan J. Hodges, Sarah A. Marshall, Bruce W. Hollis
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effects of using a broccoli sprout supplement on the duration of symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and biomarkers in pregnant women with COVID-19 infection. By conducting a pilot, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial, researchers plan to enroll 60 pregnant women with COVID-19 and treat them for 14 days, assessing the feasibility and safety of the broccoli sprout supplement.
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anida Velagic, Jasmin Chendi Li, Chengxue Helena Qin, Mandy Li, Minh Deo, Sarah A. Marshall, Owen L. Woodman, John D. Horowitz, Barbara K. Kemp-Harper, Rebecca H. Ritchie
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Developmental Biology
A. Langston-Cox, C. H. Leo, M. Tare, E. M. Wallace, S. A. Marshall
Article
Pediatrics
Tarun Aurora, Audrey Cole, Parul Rai, Paul Lavoie, Carrie Mcivor, Lisa M. Klesges, Guolian Kang, Janaka S. S. Liyanage, Heather M. Brandt, Jane S. Hankins
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a vaccine strategy bundle in increasing HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates in a specialty clinic setting. By implementing the bundle, which included staff education, provider incentives, offering vaccines in clinics, and verifying vaccine completion, the clinic successfully improved HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates among sickle cell disease patients.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
Nienke M. Halbmeijer, Wes Onland, Jeroen Dudink, Filip Cools, Anne Debeer, Anton H. van Kaam, Manon J. N. L. Benders, Niek E. van der Aa
Summary: In ventilated infants born preterm, high dose systemic hydrocortisone initiated between 7 and 14 days after birth did not have a significant impact on brain development.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
Katherine Melton, Jianfang Liu, Hossein Sadeghi, Maureen George, Arlene Smaldone
Summary: This study aims to identify predictors of change in lung function and body weight during health care transition in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The study findings highlight the importance of CF RISE program engagement and reducing gaps in care for improving the transition of adolescents and young adults with CF.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
Laura A. Duckworth, Kimberly A. Sutton, Nurmohammad Shaikh, Jinli Wang, Carla Hall-Moore, Lori R. Holtz, Phillip I. Tarr, Ronald C. Rubenstein
Summary: The study tested the usefulness of various biomarkers as indicators of gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis (CF) and investigated the repeatability of these measures in individuals over short periods and their correlation with clinical outcomes. The results showed that elevated levels of fLcn2 in individuals with CF may predict worsened pulmonary function.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
Lindsey Haack, Nikkan Das, Arvind Hoskoppal, Mark Debrunner, Tarek Alsaied, Gaurav Arora
Summary: RAE on ECG has a low positive predictive value for RAE on echocardiogram in previously healthy young patients. The highest yield for RAE on echocardiogram was observed in patients who were <1 year of age, had RAE in the anterior precordial leads, or displayed right ventricular hypertrophy on ECG.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
Michael A. Padula, Khatija Naing, Tara L. Wenger, Irfan Ahmad, Carl H. Coghill, K. Taylor Wild, S. Alex Rottgers, Cory M. Resnick, Jeffrey Goldstein, Zarmina Ehsan, Donna Watkins, Nicole Deptula, Kuan-Chi Lai, Janet Lioy, Semsa Gogcu, Christopher M. Cielo
Summary: This study describes the spectrum of disease and burden of care in infants with congenital micrognathia. The results show that these infants commonly require surgical intervention and tube feedings, and disparities based on race and among centers were identified.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
Michael P. Fundora, Manvitha Kalicheti, Guantao Zhao, Kevin O. Maher, Nicoleta Serban
Summary: This study investigated the variation of outpatient opioid prescribing in postoperative pediatric cardiac patients across the US. The results showed that there were significant differences in opioid prescribing by race, ethnicity, sex, and region.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
Jia Guo, Brooklyn J. Fraser, Leigh Blizzard, Michael D. Schmidt, Terence Dwyer, Alison J. Venn, Costan G. Magnussen
Summary: There is a correlation between childhood and adulthood cardiorespiratory fitness.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
Nianzhou Xiao, Michelle Starr, Adrienne Stolfi, Gilad Hamdani, Shireen Hashmat, Stefan G. Kiessling, Christina Sethna, Mahmoud Kallash, Robyn Matloff, Robert Woroniecki, Keia Sanderson, Ikuyo Yamaguchi, Stephen D. Cha, Michael G. Semanik, Rahul Chanchlani, Joseph T. Flynn, Mark Mitsnefes
Summary: This multicenter study reports that most infants diagnosed with idiopathic hypertension in the NICU will discontinue antihypertensive treatment within 2 years of discharge. Antenatal steroid treatment is associated with a decreased likelihood of needing antihypertensive therapy for more than 1 year.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Kanwaljit Singh, John Concato, Jonathan M. Davis
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
Yaxing Meng, Harri Niinikoski, Suvi P. Rovio, Brooklyn J. Fraser, Feitong Wu, Antti Jula, Tapani Ronnemaa, Jorma S. A. Viikari, Olli T. Raitakari, Katja Pahkala, Costan G. Magnussen
Summary: This 26-year study shows a correlation between early-life non-HDL-C levels and future levels. Early dietary counseling can reduce the risk of high pediatric non-HDL-C, emphasizing the importance of early interventions in preventing cardiovascular risks.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
Kelsey A. B. Gastineau, Rebecca Bell, Allison Hanes, Sandra Mckay, Eric Sigel, Filoteia Popescu, Evan C. Sommer, Shari Barkin
Summary: This study aimed to assess the self-reported counseling outcomes for a firearm safe storage counseling training program provided by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The results demonstrated significant improvement in counseling self-efficacy and frequency one month after the training.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
Kathryn E. K. Berlin, William Scott, Sara Dawson, David Brousseau, Joanne M. Lagatta
Summary: This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of infants from NICU hospitalization to one year post-discharge. The study found that lower HRQL during NICU stay was associated with earlier gestational age, postnatal corticosteroid usage, outborn status, and gastrostomy tube placement. Lower HRQL at 3 and 12 months post-discharge was associated with readmissions, home oxygen use, parent-reported difficulty breathing, lower developmental scores, and not playing with other children. Most parents reported similar or improved HRQL after discharge, but parents of infants with respiratory symptoms experienced less improvement. Efforts to improve parent HRQL should focus on respiratory symptoms and social isolation.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
Garett J. Griffith, Alan P. Wang, Robert I. Liem, Michael R. Carr, Tyler Corson, Kendra Ward
Summary: This study developed reference values for cardiorespiratory fitness in children aged 6-18 years without underlying heart disease, measured by peak oxygen uptake and treadmill time. Fitness levels increased with age in males but not females. Males generally exhibited higher fitness levels compared to females in the same age groups.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)
Article
Pediatrics
David S. Liu, Patricia Miller, Anna Rothenberg, Carley Vuillermin, Peter M. Waters, Andrea S. Bauer
Summary: This study aims to determine if children with elbow flexion contracture (EFC) caused by brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) are more likely to develop shoulder contracture and undergo surgical treatment. A retrospective review was conducted on children under 2 years old with BPBI who presented to a single children's hospital. The results showed that patients with EFC had reduced shoulder range of motion and higher odds of shoulder contracture and surgical treatment. Prompt referral to a BPBI specialty clinic is recommended for evaluation and potential surgery.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2024)