Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Antonio Corsello, Giulia C. I. Spolidoro, Gregorio P. Milani, Carlo Agostoni
Summary: In recent years, researchers have focused on the potential role of vitamin D in various disorders, including autoimmune and infectious diseases. Although vitamin D deficiency remains a major public health problem, its symptomatic manifestations are becoming less common in clinical practice, particularly in pediatric age. However, there is a lack of consensus among clinicians regarding the definitions of deficiency and insufficiency, especially after the first year of life. This opinion paper aims to summarize recent evidence on vitamin D status and supplementation in pediatrics, in order to establish a common definition of deficiency and raise awareness among clinicians.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Imene Bennour, Nicole Haroun, Flavie Sicard, Lourdes Mounien, Jean-Francois Landrier
Summary: Observational studies show an inverse relationship between vitamin D concentration and obesity, but interventional and genetic studies have not provided clear conclusions. Evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation may prevent obesity, and maternal vitamin D deficiency could impact the metabolic trajectory of offspring.
Article
Immunology
Leonardo Martinez, Jabulani R. Ncayiyana, Liz Goddard, Maresa Botha, Lesley Workman, Tiffany Burd, Landon Myer, Mark Nicol, Heather J. Zar
Summary: Low vitamin D levels in infancy were not associated with tuberculosis disease in childhood, but very low vitamin D levels were associated with tuberculin conversion in young children.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Aileen Hill, Christina Starchl, Ellen Dresen, Christian Stoppe, Karin Amrein
Summary: Many critically ill patients have vitamin D and vitamin C deficiencies, and international guidelines recommend compensating for these deficiencies. However, there is uncertainty in clinical practice due to conflicting evidence regarding optimal dosage, timing, and indication. This narrative review discusses the pathophysiology, clinical evidence, potential risks, and guideline recommendations for both micronutrients. It also provides practical tips for the application of vitamin D and C supplements in clinical practice.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Rai-Hua Lai, Chih-Cheng Hsu, Ben-Hui Yu, Yu-Ru Lo, Yueh-Ying Hsu, Mei-Hsin Chen, Jyh-Lyh Juang
Summary: Vitamin D deficiency may not be the cause but a consequence of AD. Supplementation of vitamin D in AD mice and humans exacerbates AD and enhances the non-genomic VDR/p53 complex in the brain. Long-term use of vitamin D-3 supplements may increase the risk of dementia and mortality.
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Suene V. S. Souza, Nuno Borges, Elsa F. Vieira
Summary: This review summarizes theoretical models of fortification, stability, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability studies of vitamin D-fortified breads, as well as clinical effects. Results suggest that vitamin D-fortified bread is a promising fortification strategy, leading to increased serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and decreased parathyroid hormone, but further studies are needed to elucidate its effects in the prevention/treatment of vitamin D deficiency.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexander T. Carswell, Thomas J. O'Leary, Paul Swinton, Sarah Jackson, Jonathan C. Y. Tang, Samuel J. Oliver, Rachel M. Izard, Neil P. Walsh, William D. Fraser, Julie P. Greeves
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between vitamin D metabolites and lower body overuse injury. The results showed that higher levels of serum 24,25(OH)(2) D were associated with a lower incidence of lower body musculoskeletal and bone stress injury.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Imene Bennour, Nicole Haroun, Flavie Sicard, Lourdes Mounien, Jean-Francois Landrier
Summary: Several studies provide strong evidence for the active role of vitamin D in physiological processes of adipocyte and adipose tissue in adulthood. It affects adipocyte and adipose tissue biology parameters like adipogenesis, energy metabolism, and inflammation. Interestingly, recent data suggest that maternal vitamin D deficiency may also impact metabolic programming of adipocytes and adipose tissue in offspring.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gustavo G. Nascimento, Fabio R. M. Leite, David A. Gonzalez-Chica, Karen G. Peres, Marco A. Peres
Summary: This study found a protective association between dietary calcium intake and periodontitis among women, while no clear association was found between vitamin D and periodontitis.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Antonio Corsello, Gregorio Paolo Milani, Maria Lorella Gianni, Valeria Dipasquale, Claudio Romano, Carlo Agostoni
Summary: Vitamin D insufficiency is common in infants worldwide, mainly due to low concentration in breast milk and poor adherence to supplementation. A systematic review found that supplementation of vitamin D to the mother or the infant had similar efficacy and safety. Different dosages and administration schedules resulted in similar rates of vitamin D sufficiency. Therefore, international guidelines may offer multiple supplementation options in the future.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chiara Tuma, Arne Schick, Nele Pommerening, Hans Braun, Mario Thevis
Summary: Vitamin D is crucial for athletes, and personalized supplementation is more effective than standardized supplementation in helping athletes achieve adequate vitamin D levels.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chiara Murgia, Ankush Dehlia, Mark A. Guthridge
Summary: Riboflavin is an essential nutrient that plays a critical role in regulating various biochemical pathways, and it has shown remarkable effectiveness in treating adult-onset metabolic disorders.
NUTRITION & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kerry S. Jones, Sarah R. Meadows, Karen Chamberlain, Damon A. Parkington, Dave Collins, Polly Page, Albert Koulman
Summary: In adults, delaying the processing of chilled whole blood for 24 hours had minimal impact on the measured concentrations of most micronutrients and some clinical biomarkers compared to processing within 2 hours, indicating that adherence to a 2-hour processing protocol may be unnecessary for these analytes.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jie Chen, Kaibo Mei, Lixia Xie, Ping Yuan, Jianyong Ma, Peng Yu, Wengen Zhu, Chunhua Zheng, Xiao Liu
Summary: Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is not significantly associated with COVID-19 infection or death, and supplementation does not improve clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. The overall evidence quality is low, and vitamin D supplementation is not recommended for patients with COVID-19.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sebastia Galmes, Andreu Palou, Francisca Serra
Summary: This study evaluates micronutrient intakes in Spain and their relationship with COVID-19 epidemiological indicators. The results show insufficient intakes of vitamin D, A, B-9, and zinc in Spain, and these inadequate intakes are associated with higher COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates in certain regions.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ajibola Ibraheem Abioye, Christopher R. Sudfeld, Michael D. Hughes, Said Aboud, Alfa Muhihi, Nzovu Ulenga, Tumaini J. Nagu, Molin Wang, Ferdinand Mugusi, Wafaie W. Fawzi
Summary: This study evaluated the trajectory of iron status among people living with HIV during the first year of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and analyzed the influence of inflammation correction methods on iron status research. The findings showed that elevated iron status was associated with HIV-1 viral load and underweight.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zhonghai Zhu, Yingze Zhu, Liang Wang, Qi Qi, Lin Huang, Amanuel Kidane Andegiorgish, Mohamed Elhoumed, Yue Cheng, Michael J. Dibley, Christopher R. Sudfeld, Lingxia Zeng
Summary: Antenatal micronutrient supplementation has been shown to improve birth outcomes and child development. However, its effect on offspring socioemotional outcomes remains unknown. This study found that iron supplementation during pregnancy reduced adolescent emotional and behavioral problem scores, providing support for expanding coverage of iron-containing prenatal supplements in resource-limited settings.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ajibola Ibraheem Abioye, Michael D. Hughes, Christopher R. Sudfeld, Zulfiqarali Premji, Said Aboud, Davidson H. Hamer, Drucilla J. Roberts, Christopher P. Duggan, Wafaie W. Fawzi
Summary: The impact of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and non-iron deficiency anemia (NIDA) on pregnancy and newborn outcomes, as well as the effectiveness of iron supplementation, remains uncertain. This study found that iron supplementation is effective even among pregnant women with NIDA.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lucy Lawrence Mpayo, Aslam Nkya, Shabani Mawalla, Karim Premji Manji
Summary: Teratomas in the neonatal age group, especially in the sacrococcygeal region, are mostly benign, but rarely associated with HIV infection. We present a case of an HIV-exposed newborn with a congenital teratoma in the post-auricular site, which resulted in an infection. Early total surgical resection is crucial to prevent complications and malignant transformation.
Article
Immunology
Ajibola Ibraheem Abioye, Michael D. D. Hughes, Christopher R. R. Sudfeld, Ramadhani Abdallah Noor, Sheila Isanaka, Zohra Lukmanji, Ferdinand Mugusi, Wafaie W. W. Fawzi
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between dietary iron intake levels and sources with mortality and clinical outcomes among adults initiating HAART. The results showed that intake of red meat and legumes was associated with a lower risk of mortality and critical HIV-related outcomes.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Linda Vesel, Roopa M. Bellad, Karim Manji, Friday Saidi, Esther Velasquez, Christopher R. Sudfeld, Katharine Miller, Mohamed Bakari, Kristina Lugangira, Rodrick Kisenge, Nahya Salim, Sarah Somji, Irving Hoffman, Kingsly Msimuko, Tisungane Mvalo, Fadire Nyirenda, Melda Phiri, Leena Das, Sangappa Dhaded, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Veena Herekar, Yogesh Kumar, M. B. Koujalagi, Gowdar Guruprasad, Sanghamitra Panda, Latha G. Shamanur, Manjunath Somannavar, Sunil S. Vernekar, Sujata Misra, Linda Adair, Griffith Bell, Bethany A. Caruso, Christopher Duggan, Katelyn Fleming, Kiersten Israel-Ballard, Eliza Fishman, Anne C. C. Lee, Stuart Lipsitz, Kimberly L. Mansen, Stephanie L. Martin, Rana R. Mokhtar, Krysten North, Arthur Pote, Lauren Spigel, Danielle E. Tuller, Melissa Young, Katherine E. A. Semrau
Summary: This study aimed to describe the feeding profile of low birthweight infants in the first half of infancy and examine early risk factors and growth patterns of poor 6-month growth outcomes. The study found that preterm and small-for-gestational age infants had a higher risk of poor growth at 6 months, and infants who did not regain birthweight by 2 weeks also had a higher risk. Therefore, early interventions including optimal feeding support, action-oriented growth monitoring, and understanding the needs and growth patterns of small-for-gestational age infants are needed to promote appropriate weight gain and proactive management of vulnerable infants.
Article
Pediatrics
Hermano A. L. Rocha, Marcia M. T. Machado, Onelia M. M. L. de Santana, Sabrina G. M. O. Rocha, Camila M. de Aquino, Laecia G. A. Gomes, Lucas de S. Albuquerque, Maria D. de A. Soares, Alvaro J. M. Leite, Luciano L. Correia, Christopher R. Sudfeld
Summary: This study examines the association between sociodemographic and maternal education factors and child development in families living below the poverty line in Northeastern Brazil. The findings suggest that maternal educational attainment is associated with a higher risk of developmental delay in children, except for the fine motor domain. The risk of delay in at least one domain is 2.5 times higher in mothers with lower levels of education.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Arvin Saleh, Nandita Perumal, Alfa Muhihi, Christopher P. Duggan, Nzovu Ulenga, Fadhlun M. Alwy Al-Beity, Said Aboud, Wafaie W. Fawzi, Karim P. Manji, Christopher R. Sudfeld
Summary: Children born to mothers living with HIV may be at a greater risk of poor growth and development outcomes compared to their HIV-unexposed peers. A study conducted in Tanzania found that symptoms of maternal antenatal depression were associated with infant wasting, while greater social support was associated with better cognitive and motor development scores in infants.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Naomi A. A. Mwamanenge, Fatima Mussa, Masawa K. K. Nyamuryekung'e, Martha Mkony, Yaser Abdallah, Karim Manji
Summary: This article presents a case report of a 6-week-old African male baby diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic hernia after failing to respond to antibiotics for suspected pneumonia. Despite attempts at management, the baby died 5 weeks post-surgery. The case emphasizes the importance of early clinical suspicion and early detection of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in infants with respiratory symptoms, as well as the need for improved availability of imaging in primary care facilities for early diagnosis and management.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Naomi Mwamanenge, Haika Mariki, Martha Mkony, Karim Premji Manji
Summary: This is a case report of a preterm newborn baby with respiratory distress syndrome and bilateral knee contracture. Clinical examination and radiographic skeletal survey revealed a short spinal cord with complete agenesis of the lumbar, sacrum, and coccygeal spine, and hypoplastic iliac bones with bilateral knee contractures. The mother did not have diabetes. The long-term outcome is not well-known in our set-up.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Haika Mariki, Naomi Mwamanenge, Martha Mkony, Karim Premji Manji
Summary: We present a case of a newborn with neurocristic cutaneous hamartoma of the scalp, characterized by giant congenital nevi and disseminated melanocytic nevi. MRI scan revealed an occipital defect with herniation of the occipital lobes and ventricles, while the infratentorial brain parenchyma and cerebellum remained normal. Initial diagnosis was a ruptured giant haemangioma and possible cytomegalovirus infection, causing 'blueberry muffin' syndrome. Follow-up showed regression of the hamartoma/haemangioma-like mass and the presence of a well-demarcated melanotic patch on the scalp and encephalocele. Neurosurgical intervention is being scheduled for this infant.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ernestina Mwipopo, Mariam Mngoya Massomo, Robert Moshiro, Karim Premji Manji
Summary: This is a case report of a male baby diagnosed with Manitoba oculo-tricho-anal syndrome and Fraser syndrome 2, as well as lissencephaly 10. The presence of overlapping genetic mutations highlights the importance of genetic testing, even in low-middle income countries (LMIC).
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mathilda Regan, Chao Cheng, Eric Mboggo, Elysia Larson, Irene Andrew Lema, Lucy Magesa, Lameck Machumi, Nzovu Ulenga, David Sando, Mary Mwanyika-Sando, Dale A. Barnhart, Biling Hong, Ester Mungure, Nan Li, Hellen Siril, Phares Mujinja, Helga Naburi, Charles Kilewo, Anna Mia Ekstrom, Pascal Geldsetzer, Wafaie Fawzi, Till Barnighausen, Christopher R. Sudfeld, Donna Spiegelman
Summary: This study in Tanzania found that training community health workers (CHWs) in the public sector can significantly increase the likelihood of pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) visits and have a positive impact on the total number of ANC visits. However, additional interventions are needed to promote early initiation of ANC.
HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jinyi Zhu, Goodluck Lyatuu, Christopher R. Sudfeld, Anna Kiravu, David Sando, Lameck Machumi, John Minde, Fikiri Chisonjela, Ted Cohen, Nicolas A. Menzies
Summary: The study found that providing IPT to recent ART cohorts remains highly cost-effective, and the health impact and cost-effectiveness of IPT are estimated to improve as patients initiate ART earlier in the course of infection.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)