Article
Microbiology
Daniela Mollova, Tonka Vasileva, Veselin Bivolarski, Ilia Iliev
Summary: Breast milk is important for newborns as it provides essential nutrients and beneficial bacteria. This study focuses on the enzymatic hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and prebiotics present in breast milk by the bacteria. The researchers isolated and identified lactobacillus fermentum as the main bacteria involved in this process, and found that breast milk oligosaccharides are potent inducers of bacterial enzyme secretion.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
K. S. Singh, B. P. Singh, N. Rokana, N. Singh, J. Kaur, A. Singh, H. Panwar
Summary: Human milk is a vital source of nutrients and beneficial microbiota for neonates, prompting research into its components as potential therapeutic agents. Current studies focus on understanding the bio-therapeutic components of milk and their efficient usage, highlighting the importance of human milk in infant health.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Leonie Jane Kiely, Kizkitza Busca, Jonathan A. Lane, Douwe van Sinderen, Rita M. Hickey
Summary: The abundance of certain bacteria in the feces of breast-fed infants is due to their ability to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs are complex sugars that reach the infant's intestine intact and serve as a fermentable substrate for specific intestinal microbes. These microbes possess the genes and enzymes necessary for HMO degradation. The degraded HMOs can also be utilized by other gut bacteria.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
D. J. M. Barnett, M. F. Endika, C. E. Klostermann, F. Gu, C. Thijs, A. Nauta, H. A. Schols, H. Smidt, I. C. W. Arts, J. Penders
Summary: The infant gut microbiota is influenced by antibiotic exposures and prebiotic oligosaccharides found in breast milk. This study analyzed the stool microbiota of 1023 one-month-old infants and found that breastfeeding and antibiotic exposure both decrease gut microbial diversity, but have different effects on microbiota composition. Other factors such as C-section, homebirth, siblings, and exposure to animals also impact microbiota composition. Understanding these factors can help protect and promote a healthy infant gut microbiota.
Article
Microbiology
Xiaolei Ren, Waqar Saleem, Robin Haes, Jiexiong Xie, Sebastiaan Theuns, Hans J. Nauwynck
Summary: This study found that VP8* protein of porcine rotavirus specifically binds to glycans with a β-lactose structure, and lactose can significantly reduce the infectivity of specific viral strains, thus playing a protective role in preventing infection in piglets.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shunhao Zhang, Tianle Li, Jing Xie, Demao Zhang, Caixia Pi, Lingyun Zhou, Wenbin Yang
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in human milk play a crucial role in infant growth and health by interacting with the gut microbiota to support beneficial bacteria growth, exhibit anti-pathogenic effects, and modulate intestinal epithelial cell response. Recent studies have shown the potential of HMOs in improving infant health and reducing disease risk, emphasizing the molecular basis of their beneficial effects.
MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Brandon J. Eudy, Jack Odle, Xi Lin, Christian Maltecca, Kathleen R. Walter, Nathan P. McNulty, Vivek Fellner, Sheila K. Jacobi
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of arachidonate (ARA) and/or prebiotic oligosaccharide (PRE) supplementation in formula on the development of the microbial ecosystem and colonic health parameters. The results showed that PRE supplementation increased the abundance of specific bacterial genera and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), benefiting intestinal development. ARA supplementation increased the ARA content in the colonic mucosa and increased the unsaturation of fatty acids.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Tianyu Fu, Luning Zhou, Zhiliang Fu, Bin Zhang, Quancai Li, Lin Pan, Chen Zhou, Qing Zhao, Qingsen Shang, Guangli Yu
Summary: The human gut microbiota has an enterotype-specific effect on the fermentation outcomes of marine algae oligosaccharides. Microbiota with a Bacteroides enterotype are more proficient at fermenting carrageenan oligosaccharides (KOS) compared to those with a Prevotella enterotype and an Escherichia enterotype.
Review
Pediatrics
Gozde Okburan, Serap Kiziler
Summary: Breast milk, as the first functional food, is rich in immune-related components such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), milk proteins, and lipids. Studies have shown that breastfeeding can reduce the risk of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, allergies, celiac disease, and NEC. HMOs, as one of the most significant components of breast milk, play important roles in promoting the development of the neonatal intestinal immune and nervous systems.
PEDIATRICS AND NEONATOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lisa F. Stinson, Donna T. Geddes
Summary: Microbial metabolites are transmitted to infants via human milk, impacting early-life programming. The use of metabolomics is advocated to complement current milk microbiome research.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chuncui Huang, Yue Lu, Lin Kong, Zhendong Guo, Keli Zhao, Zheng Xiang, Xinyue Ma, Huanyu Gao, Yongfang Liu, Zhongmin Gao, Lijuan Xu, Wengang Chai, Yan Li, Yao Zhao
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important for protecting infants from infections, especially for preterm infants. However, there is limited research on the specific differences in HMOs as a function of gestation time. In this study, we established an approach to analyze HMOs and found that the composition and relative abundance of HMOs changed with postpartum age, with significant differences in HMOs secreted at different postpartum times.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sindusha Mysore Saiprasad, Olivia Grace Moreno, Dennis A. Savaiano
Summary: Supplementing with Bifidobacterium and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) can improve gut health and benefit lactose intolerant individuals. Most studies have reported positive effects of Bifidobacterium and GOS in managing lactose intolerance.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Wusun Li, Jingxuan Wang, Yingying Lin, Yixuan Li, Fazheng Ren, Huiyuan Guo
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are structurally diverse sugars highly abundant in human milk, with beneficial functions on infants such as modulating gut microbiota and promoting brain development. While some HMOs have been demonstrated safe to be added into infant formula, their application is currently limited by insufficient availability, calling for further basic and clinical studies in this field.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
S. Sharif, P. T. Heath, S. J. Oddie, W. McGuire
Summary: The study aims to evaluate the effect of enteral supplementation with synbiotics versus placebo or no treatment, or versus probiotics or prebiotics alone on the risk of necrotising enterocolitis and associated morbidity and mortality in very preterm or very low birth weight infants.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Elif Sakarya, Nazli Tunca Sanlier, Nevin Sanlier
Summary: The intestinal microbiota begins to form in the mother's womb and undergoes changes influenced by various factors. It plays a crucial role in immune system maturation and the prevention of diseases throughout different stages of life. Nutrition is a key factor in the development of the microbiota in infants after birth, with breast milk oligosaccharides playing a vital role. Breastfed infants have a higher number of Bifidobacterium species and lower diversity, which is considered protective. Dysbiosis in the microbiota can have adverse effects on health, but human milk oligosaccharides and short-chain fatty acids resulting from their digestion have protective effects. Another component, HM glycoproteins, also shape the gut microbiota. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of breast milk on microbiota development and present the findings from a literature review.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)