Article
Neurosciences
Tong He, Lijun An, Pansheng Chen, Jianzhong Chen, Jiashi Feng, Danilo Bzdok, Avram J. Holmes, Simon B. Eickhoff, B. T. Thomas Yeo
Summary: This paper presents a simple yet powerful approach to translate predictive models from large-scale datasets to small-scale studies, improving the prediction capability. The results demonstrate that meta-matching can greatly enhance predictions of new phenotypes in small independent datasets in various scenarios.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Victor Nozais, Stephanie J. Forkel, Laurent Petit, Lia Talozzi, Maurizio Corbetta, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Marc Joliot
Summary: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has shown that functional connectivity within and between networks is related to cognitive states and pathologies. However, the white matter connections supporting this connectivity have only been partially described. A new method has been developed to map the white and grey matter contributing to each resting-state network, demonstrating the overlap between networks and the potential impact of white matter lesions on network communication. An atlas and open-source software have been provided to facilitate the study of white matter damage to resting-state networks, with initial application showing promising results in identifying impacted networks in stroke patients.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephan Krohn, Nina von Schwanenflug, Leonhard Waschke, Amy Romanello, Martin Gell, Douglas D. Garrett, Carsten Finke
Summary: The brain's large-scale functional networks are driven by temporally correlated activity across brain regions. This study reveals that the brain's network architecture is tightly linked to episodes of neural regularity, characterized by drops in complexity in functional magnetic resonance imaging signals. These drops in complexity explain functional connectivity strength, promote neural activity patterns, and reflect interindividual differences in age and behavior. Furthermore, they shape the connectivity strength, topological configuration, and hierarchy of brain networks, providing a comprehensive explanation for the structure-function relationships within the brain.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Byung-Hoon Kim, Min-Kyeong Kim, Hye-Jeong Jo, Jae-Jin Kim
Summary: Social anxiety is prevalent among young adults, and machine learning models using brain functional radiomic features can successfully predict its level.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Avinash R. Vaidya, Henry M. Jones, Johanny Castillo, David Badre
Summary: The study uncovered how the human brain adapts flexibly to new conditions without feedback, confirming the existence of a neural instantiation of an abstract task representation. This representation can support massive expansions of behavioral flexibility in human cognition.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nicholas Parsons, Trevor Steward, Rebecca Clohesy, Hannes Almgren, Leonie Duehlmeyer
Summary: This study aggregated resting-state fMRI findings in individuals with obesity, showing consistently increased orbitofrontal and decreased insula cortex connectivity, as well as increased BOLD signal amplitude in subcortical regions. The altered connectivity patterns may indicate a shift in reward valuation and contribute to altered homeostatic signal processing, potentially leading to continued food intake despite satiety. More reliable experiments are needed to uncover the interplay between psychological and biological factors within current theoretical frameworks.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Merridee J. Lefner, Alexa P. Magnon, James M. Gutierrez, Matthew R. Lopez, Matthew J. Wanat
Summary: This study investigates the impact of temporal delays on reward preference by examining rats' preference for different flavored rewards during a free-feeding test, finding that temporal delays enhance preference for initially less desirable rewards.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Limin Peng, Zhiguo Luo, Ling-Li Zeng, Chenping Hou, Hui Shen, Zongtan Zhou, Dewen Hu
Summary: This study developed a brain parcellation method based on dynamic functional connectivity and created a new functional brain atlas. The atlas can reveal finer functional boundaries that static methods may overlook, and shows good agreement with cytoarchitectonic areas and task activation maps.
Article
Neurosciences
Roni Setton, Laetitia Mwilambwe-Tshilobo, Manesh Girn, Amber W. Lockrow, Giulia Baracchini, Colleen Hughes, Alexander J. Lowe, Benjamin N. Cassidy, Jian Li, Wen-Ming Luh, Danilo Bzdok, Richard M. Leahy, Tian Ge, Daniel S. Margulies, Bratislav Misic, Boris C. Bernhardt, W. Dale Stevens, Felipe De Brigard, Prantik Kundu, Gary R. Turner, R. Nathan Spreng
Summary: The functional organization of the brain changes with age, with observed differences at multiple spatial scales. Older adults show global network dedifferentiation and network-specific patterns of dedifferentiation, suggesting changes in brain function with age.
Article
Neurosciences
Edmund T. Rolls, Gustavo Deco, Chu-Chung Huang, Jianfeng Feng
Summary: The amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex are involved in emotion. Through experiments on 171 humans from the Human Connectome Project, it was found that the human amygdala has fewer effective connections with cortical regions compared to the orbitofrontal cortex. It is proposed that the amygdala is primarily involved in autonomic and conditioned responses, rather than declarative emotion.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Roberta Dalle Molle, Euclides Jose de Mendonca Filho, Luciano Minuzzi, Tania Diniz Machado, Roberta Sena Reis, Danitsa Marcos Rodrigues, Amanda Brondani Mucellini, Alexandre Rosa Franco, Augusto Buchweitz, Rudineia Toazza, Andressa Bortoluzzi, Giovanni Abrahao Salum, Sonia Boscenco, Michael J. Meaney, Robert D. Levitan, Gisele Gus Manfro, Patricia Pelufo Silveira
Summary: Prenatal growth impairment leads to an increased preference for palatable foods and a higher risk for developing chronic diseases. This study found altered feeding behavior and resting-state connectivity in areas related to reward, self-control, and value determination in individuals with prenatal growth impairment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maelle C. M. Gueguen, Alizee Lopez-Persem, Pablo Billeke, Jean-Philippe Lachaux, Sylvain Rheims, Philippe Kahane, Lorella Minotti, Olivier David, Mathias Pessiglione, Julien Bastin
Summary: The debate on whether maximizing rewards and minimizing punishments rely on distinct brain systems continues. Using intracerebral recordings in humans, the authors provide evidence for brain regions differentially engaged in signaling reward and punishment prediction errors that prescribe repetition versus avoidance of past choices.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zengmin Li, Dilsher Athwal, Hsu-Lei Lee, Pankaj Sah, Patricio Opazo, Kai-Hsiang Chuang
Summary: Memory consolidation after learning involves spontaneous, brain-wide network reorganization during rest and sleep, but how this is achieved is still poorly understood. Using fMRI in male mice, the authors identified a different set of spontaneous networks and their hubs that are instrumental in consolidating memory during post-learning rest. Chemogenetic suppression of each hub confirmed their behavioral significance in memory consolidation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yuka Donoshita, Uk-Su Choi, Hiroshi Ban, Ikuhiro Kida
Summary: Olfaction could be an early marker of neurodegenerative diseases. This study used 7-Tesla fMRI to assess olfactory function in the human brain and found that the piriform cortex is mainly associated with subjective odor intensity, while the posterior orbitofrontal cortex is involved in discriminating the subjective hedonic tone of the odorant.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sam Hall-McMaster, Peter Dayan, Nicolas W. Schuck
Summary: In structured foraging environments with limited, revisitable sites, individuals tend to visit fast-replenishing sites more frequently and are influenced by reward information about unattended sites when making decisions to leave a site.
Review
Biology
Hui-Kuan Chung, Carlos Alos-Ferrer, Philippe N. Tobler
Summary: Valuing goods and selecting the one with the highest value is fundamental to adaptive behavior across species. The interplay between goods affects the valuation of a given good, both in the wild and laboratory settings. Investigations into human and non-human primate behavior reveal conditional valuation of combined goods.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Melissa Hebscher, James E. Kragel, Thorsten Kahnt, Joel L. Voss
Summary: The study revealed the importance of the hippocampal network in the reinstatement of event-specific activity patterns, and demonstrated a role for the hippocampus in encoding complex naturalistic events that later undergo cortical reinstatement.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
James D. Howard, Thorsten Kahnt
Summary: The orbitofrontal cortex plays a key role in signaling reward expectations, focusing not only on reward value but also on reward identity, which has a significant impact on outcome-guided behavior.
BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jianxin Ou, Yin Wu, Yang Hu, Xiaoxue Gao, Hong Li, Philippe N. Tobler
Summary: Recent studies have shown that testosterone can reduce generosity by decreasing consideration for others' welfare. At the neural level, testosterone was found to weaken activity in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), affecting the neural mechanisms underlying generous decision-making and weakening connectivity between TPJ and other brain regions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
James D. Howard, Thorsten Kahnt
Summary: This review discusses recent causal investigations into the human OFC, emphasizing advances in network-based brain stimulation approaches to indirectly perturb OFC function. Findings show that disruption of human OFC impairs decisions that require mental simulation of outcomes, supporting the idea that human OFC contributes to decision making by representing a cognitive map of the task environment. Future work may utilize similar non-invasive approaches in clinical settings to mitigate decision making deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders.
CURRENT OPINION IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elena Bolt, Jasmine T. Ho, Marte Roel Lesur, Alexander Soutschek, Philippe N. Tobler, Bigna Lenggenhager
Summary: The study demonstrates that virtual gender swaps can alter decision-making behavior, as participants in different-gender avatars made less prosocial choices, with women embodying a male avatar being more susceptible to immediate rewards, while not affecting their identification with gendered traits. Gender-based expectancies cannot explain all the changes in interpersonal and intertemporal decision-making following the virtual gender swap.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Daria B. Porter, Lisa P. Qu, Thorsten Kahnt, Jay A. Gottfried
Summary: Studies have shown that aversive outcomes induce wider generalization curves and affect olfactory learning and generalization. Results demonstrate better olfactory learning for odors associated with aversive outcomes compared to neutral outcomes, with the shock group exhibiting a steeper generalization gradient.
BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Shiloh L. Echevarria-Cooper, Guangyu Zhou, Christina Zelano, Franco Pestilli, Todd B. Parrish, Thorsten Kahnt
Summary: The human sense of smell plays a crucial role in appetite, detecting threats, social interactions, and memory processing. In this study, we used a novel dMRI method to investigate the connectivity of the human olfactory tracts. Our results revealed an association between the structural integrity of the olfactory tracts and olfactory perceptual function.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Fang Wang, Thorsten Kahnt
Summary: In novel situations, humans rely on mental simulations to predict future outcomes, and recent research on neural circuits suggests that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a critical role in supporting decision-making based on inference.
CURRENT OPINION IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Thorsten Kahnt
Summary: Compulsive behaviors are a failure of adaptive decision making, characterized by an imbalance in behavioral control. The orbitofrontal cortex plays a role in compulsive behavior and can be modulated to alter inference-based behaviors. Noninvasive techniques like transcranial magnetic stimulation and neurofeedback show promise in targeting these neural circuits to complement current treatment approaches for behavioral disorders.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Alexander Soutschek, Philippe N. Tobler
Summary: Theoretical accounts on dopamine's role in intertemporal choice have conflicting opinions, with some saying dopamine promotes delay of gratification and others saying it reduces patience. This study provides empirical support for a novel process model that reconciles these conflicting accounts. The findings suggest that dopamine contributes to evidence accumulation and starting bias in the decision-making process.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Jonathan Schaffner, Sherry Dongqi Bao, Philippe N. N. Tobler, Todd A. A. Hare, Rafael Polania
Summary: Schaffner et al. showed that early stages of sensory processing in humans and machines encode environmental stimuli to promote fitness maximization rather than perceptual accuracy. They developed a normative framework that combines insights from neuroscience, computer science, and economics to test this hypothesis. Behavioral experiments in humans and deep neural networks confirmed that sensory encoding strategies are adapted to promote fitness maximization.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clara U. Raithel, Alexander J. Miller, Russell A. Epstein, Thorsten Kahnt, Jay A. Gottfried
Summary: Research shows that humans can navigate olfactory landscapes by learning the spatial relationships among odor cues. fMRI data reveals the existence of a specialized olfactory grid network during olfactory navigation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jana Tegelbeckers, Daria B. Porter, Joel L. Voss, Geoffrey Schoenbaum, Thorsten Kahnt
Summary: This study used neuroimaging and brain stimulation to investigate how the brain integrates outcome predictions to guide behavior. The lateral orbitofrontal cortex was found to play a crucial role in integrating outcome predictions and disrupting its network activity impaired individuals' ability to leverage predictions from multiple cues.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tony B. Williams, Christopher J. Burke, Stephan Nebe, Kerstin Preuschoff, Ernst Fehr, Philippe N. Tobler
Summary: Decisions are made based on the subjective values of choice options, which are theoretical constructs. Different theoretical models competing to explain how subjective values are assigned to choice options often make similar behavioral predictions, posing a challenge for establishing a biologically plausible explanation of decision-making based on behavior alone. Research demonstrates that model comparison at the neural level can provide insights into how cognitive processes are implemented.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)