Journal
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
Volume 240, Issue -, Pages 542-548Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.05.092
Keywords
Gemini surfactants; Diester and fexible sacers; Surface properties; Biodegradability
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province [1508085QB41, KJ2016A184]
- Student's Platform for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China [201710879010]
- Key Discipline Construction of Anhui Science and Technology University [AKZDXK2015A01]
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A series of cationic gemini surfactants with diester and flexible spacers, namely C-12-PG-C-12, C-14 -PG-C-14 and C-16 PG-C-16, were synthesized, purified and characterized. The surface properties and aggregation behavior of the gemini surfactants were investigated by surface tension, electrical conductivity, fluorescence and Krafft point. These gemini surfactants possess higher surface activity than the traditional monomeric surfactants. The thermodynamic parameters exhibited that the micellization was a spontaneous and exothermic process in environment. The micellization process became less favorable with the decrease of alkyl chain length and the increase of temperature. Steady-state fluorescence measurements revealed that the micropolarity and aggregation number of micelles decreased with the increase of hydrocarbon chain length. The Krafft points were taken as <0 degrees C, which indicated the synthesized gemini surfactants had good water solubility. The biodegradability of the gemini surfactants were evaluated in river water using Closed Bottle tested and showed their high biodegradation ratio in the open environment due to the diester bond inserting in the flexible spacer of surfactant molecules. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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