Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jennifer L. LaBarre, Emily Hirschfeld, Tanu Soni, Maureen Kachman, Janis Wigginton, William Duren, Johanna Y. Fleischman, Alla Karnovsky, Charles F. Burant, Joyce M. Lee
Summary: The study indicates that obesity and insulin resistance may influence the metabolic dynamics in response to a glucose challenge in adolescents. Obese adolescents showed a blunted decline in fatty acid oxidation intermediates during OGTT.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ashraf Nahle, Yemisi Deborah Joseph, Sandra Pereira, Yusaku Mori, Frankie Poon, Hilda E. Ghadieh, Aleksandar Ivovic, Tejas Desai, Simona S. Ghanem, Suman Asalla, Harrison T. Muturi, Emelien M. Jentz, Jamie W. Joseph, Sonia M. Najjar, Adria Giacca
Summary: The study showed that NMN can improve glucose tolerance caused by a high-fat diet, but it may impair glucose tolerance under normal levels of free fatty acids. Therefore, caution should be exercised when considering the therapeutic use of NMN due to its dual effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcelina Sperling, Teresa Grzelak, Marta Pelczynska, Pawel Bogdanski, Dorota Formanowicz, Krystyna Czyzewska
Summary: Omentin-1 levels are associated with central obesity and abnormal glucose tolerance, with lower levels found in obese patients and men with abnormal glucose tolerance. Gender, tissue insulin sensitivity, WHR, and body fat amount all have significant effects on serum omentin-1 concentration. High omentin-1 levels in men with obesity and normal glucose tolerance suggest a protective effect against metabolic disorders associated with obesity in males.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rocio Guizar-Heredia, Armando R. Tovar, Omar Granados-Portillo, Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros, Adriana Flores-Lopez, Luis E. Gonzalez-Salazar, Liliana Arteaga-Sanchez, Isabel Medina-Vera, Ximena Orozco-Ruiz, Nimbe Torres, Lilia G. Noriega, Martha Guevara-Cruz
Summary: The amino acid profile of subjects with obesity is differentially affected by age, insulin resistance, and specific gene polymorphisms. Young adults with obesity have higher levels of certain amino acids compared to older adults, and the presence of insulin resistance and specific gene polymorphisms can alter amino acid concentrations in this population.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sanmei Chen, Takako Miki, Ami Fukunaga, Masafumi Eguchi, Takeshi Kochi, Akiko Nanri, Isamu Kabe, Tetsuya Mizoue
Summary: This study revealed the prospective associations of serum amino acids with insulin resistance, with the most pronounced effects observed in overweight/obese adults. There may be heterogeneous effects of individual amino acids, as well as their interaction with obesity, on the progression of insulin resistance.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Teresa Mezza, Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Gianfranco Di Giuseppe, Simona Moffa, Chiara M. A. Cefalo, Francesca Cinti, Flavia Impronta, Umberto Capece, Giuseppe Quero, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Andrea Mari, Sergio Alfieri, Andrea Giaccari
Summary: This study aimed to verify the acute effect of reduced beta cell mass on the development of hyperglycemia. The research found that reduced first-phase insulin secretion and glucose sensitivity were predictors of eventual development of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Thus, these functional alterations may play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shauna D. O'Donovan, Balazs Erdos, Doris M. Jacobs, Anne J. Wanders, E. Louise Thomas, Jimmy D. Bell, Milena Rundle, Gary Frost, Ilja C. W. Arts, Lydia A. Afman, Natal A. W. van Riel
Summary: The Mixed Meal Model is a computational model that provides a more comprehensive assessment of metabolic health by integrating plasma glucose, insulin, and triglycerides. This model can capture features of metabolic resilience, quantify insulin resistance and liver fat, and is generalizable to meals with diverse macronutrient compositions.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alvaro Gonzalez-Dominguez, Thalia Belmonte, Jesus Dominguez-Riscart, Pablo Ruiz-Ocana, Ines Muela-Zarzuela, Ana Saez-Benito, Raul Montanez-Martinez, Rosa M. M. Mateos, Alfonso M. M. Lechuga-Sancho
Summary: This study found that insulin response is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in children, and children with impaired insulin response have worse lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Uric acid may mediate pathological inflammatory response by activating NLRP3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lewin Small, Amy Ehrlich, Jo Iversen, Stephen P. Ashcroft, Kajetan Trost, Thomas Moritz, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Jonas T. Treebak, Juleen R. Zierath, Romain Barres
Summary: The study compares the effect of different routes of glucose administration (oral and intraperitoneal) on glucose and insulin kinetics during a glucose tolerance test in mice. The results show that intraperitoneal glucose administration resulted in significantly elevated blood glucose levels, but had a lesser effect on insulin and incretin hormone levels compared to oral administration.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chao Cao, Han-Chow E. Koh, Stephan Van Vliet, Bruce W. Patterson, Dominic N. Reeds, Richard Laforest, Robert J. Gropler, Bettina Mittendorfer
Summary: This study found that enhanced FFA clearance in people with obesity is negatively correlated with muscle insulin sensitivity, and the stimulatory effect of insulin on FFA clearance is more significant in obese individuals.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Benedikt Dietz, Juergen Machann, Vaibhav Agrawal, Martin Heni, Patrick Schwab, Julia Dienes, Steffen Reichert, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Hans-Ulrich Haering, Fritz Schick, Norbert Stefan, Andreas Fritsche, Hubert Preissl, Bernhard Schoelkopf, Stefan Bauer, Robert Wagner
Summary: The study indicated that diabetes can be detected through whole-body MRI without additional data, with visceral fat playing a crucial role in diabetes classification. The model identified a high-risk group with increased risk for future diabetes and microalbuminuria.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexandra G. Yunker, Shan Luo, Sabrina Jones, Hilary M. Dorton, Jasmin M. Alves, Brendan Angelo, Alexis DeFendis, Trevor A. Pickering, John R. Monterosso, Kathleen A. Page
Summary: The study found that sucrose ingestion leads to a less robust increase in glucose, insulin, GLP-1, and PYY compared to glucose ingestion, but similar acyl-ghrelin suppression. Biological factors such as BMI, insulin sensitivity, and sex influence the differential hormone responses to sucrose vs glucose consumption, indicating that sucrose is less efficient at signaling postprandial satiation than glucose.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kristin Kallner, Rasmus Krook, Ann-Sofie Sandberg, Lena Hulthen, Ulrika Andersson-Hall, Agneta Holmang
Summary: A diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between iron parameters, individual fatty acids (FAs), and desaturases in the development of impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) in women after GDM. The results showed that soluble transferrin receptor levels were higher in the IGM group compared to the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group and were associated with saturated FAs and monounsaturated FAs in the IGM group. Iron and transferrin saturation were positively associated with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and desaturase activity. These associations were not observed in the NGT group.
Article
Cell Biology
Kiyoto Nishi, Akira Yoshii, Lauren Abell, Bo Zhou, Ricardo Frausto, Julia Ritterhoff, Timothy S. McMillen, Ian Sweet, Yibin Wang, Chen Gao, Rong Tian
Summary: It was found that deficiency of Ppm1k leads to reduced metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and protects against obesity-induced glucose intolerance. Accumulation of branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) inhibits glucose production in liver cells. It was observed that BCKAs suppress the activity of liver mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) and pyruvate-supported respiration. Selective suppression of pyruvate-supported gluconeogenesis was seen in Ppm1k-deficient mice and could be restored through pharmacological activation of BCKA catabolism by BT2. Furthermore, liver MPC was found to be most sensitive to circulating BCKA levels, making it a sensor of BCAA metabolism.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mai Hijikata, Mariko Higa, Takamasa Ichijo, Takahisa Hirose
Summary: This study compared plasma glucose levels in MTT and 75-g OGTT to identify factors predicting a need for insulin therapy in GDM. It found that PG levels at 30 min after MTT may be useful for identifying patients who need insulin therapy.
FOOD & NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2021)