Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tim Hollstein, Alessio Basolo, Yigit Unlu, Takafumi Ando, Mary Walter, Jonathan Krakoff, Paolo Piaggi
Summary: This study investigates the role of ghrelin, GH, and IGF-1 in the fasting-induced decrease in 24-hour energy expenditure (24hEE). The results show that fasting leads to an increase in GH, while ghrelin and IGF-1 remain unchanged. The increase in ghrelin after fasting is associated with a decrease in 24hEE, suggesting that ghrelin may serve as a novel biomarker of increased energy efficiency in the thrifty phenotype.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Annemette Overgaard Brethvad, Hannah Louise Zakariassen, Joachim Holt, Alexander Jakobsen, Bolette Hartmann, Eva Winning Lehmann, Hannelouise Kissow, Jens Juul Holst, Sten Madsbad, Signe S. orensen Torekov, Birgitte Holst
Summary: This study examined the impact of diet-induced weight loss on levels of the anorexigenic hormone neurotensin (NT) in mice and humans, and whether these levels predict body weight change. The results showed that diet-induced weight loss reduced NT levels in both mice and humans, and regulated hunger-related gene expression in mice. Additionally, individuals who continued to lose weight after weight loss had higher peak NT secretion compared to those who regained weight.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Leonard Spranger, January Weiner, Josephine Bredow, Ulrike Zeitz, Ulrike Grittner, Michael Boschmann, Sophia Dickmann, Nicole Stobaeus, Reiner Jumpertz-von Schwartzenberg, Maria Brachs, Joachim Spranger, Knut Mai
Summary: This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of weight loss and metabolism improvement on obesity, and found that the specific impact of negative energy balance or modified body composition on metabolism and weight regain is still unclear. Through a randomized controlled trial, researchers found that weight loss had effects on insulin sensitivity and lean body mass, while negative energy balance had no additional effect on insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the adaptation of body composition and metabolism may be related to the FGFR1 signaling pathway.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Georgia Argyrakopoulou, Nefeli Fountouli, Maria Dalamaga, Alexander Kokkinos
Summary: A negative energy equilibrium between energy expenditure and energy intake remains crucial in obesity management. Recent findings show that energy expenditure depends on body composition and is greatly affected by weight changes, especially in weight loss. Metabolic adaptation, the difference between measured and predicted resting metabolic rate after weight loss, is influenced by differences in body composition, with loss of fat-free mass playing a significant role.
CURRENT OBESITY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
D. C. D. Hope, T. M-M Tan
Summary: Glucagon receptor (GCGR)-targeted multi-agonists are being developed for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disease. Their weight loss and metabolic properties are attributed to increased energy expenditure and hepatic lipid metabolism. The precise contribution and mechanism of GCGR activity to enhanced energy expenditure and weight loss in both rodents and humans is not fully understood.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lizeth Cifuentes, Wissam Ghusn, Fauzi Feris, Alejandro Campos, Daniel Sacoto, Alan De la Rosa, Alison McRae, Thom Rieck, Sara Mansfield, Jason Ewoldt, Jamie Friend, Karen Grothe, Ryan J. Lennon, Maria D. Hurtado, Matthew M. Clark, Michael Camilleri, Donald D. Hensrud, Andres Acosta
Summary: This study compared the outcome of a standard lifestyle intervention (SLI) to phenotype-tailored lifestyle interventions (PLI) for weight loss, cardiometabolic risk factors, and physiological variables contributing to obesity. The results showed that phenotype-tailored lifestyle interventions led to significant weight loss compared to standard interventions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katie L. Whytock, Karen D. Corbin, Stephanie A. Parsons, Alok Pachori, Christopher P. Bock, Karen P. Jones, Joshua S. Smith, Fanchao Yi, Hui Xie, Christopher J. Petucci, Stephen J. Gardell, Steven R. Smith
Summary: This study revealed that some overweight/obese individuals may experience significant metabolic adaptation after a 28-day low-calorie diet, along with impaired fat oxidation. Weight loss success was associated with the accumulation of specific metabolites.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Faidon Magkos, Mads F. Hjorth, Sarah Asping, Maria Rosenkrans, Sidse Rasmussen, Christian Ritz, Anders Sjodin, Nina R. W. Geiker
Summary: This study compared the effects of very-low-calorie diets with different protein content on lean mass and resting metabolic rate in overweight and obese individuals. The results showed that increasing protein content did not mitigate reductions in lean mass and resting metabolic rate during weight loss, indicating that the proposed protein increase may not be effective for weight maintenance in this population.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Julia M. W. Wong, Shui Yu, Clement Ma, Tapan Mehta, Stephanie L. Dickinson, David B. Allison, Steven B. Heymsfield, Cara B. Ebbeling, David S. Ludwig
Summary: The study found that baseline insulin dynamics are associated with body composition changes following weight loss. Higher insulin secretion is related to a smaller decrease in fat mass and a larger decrease in lean mass, while greater insulin resistance is associated with adverse body composition changes.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jarle Berge, Joran Hjelmesaeth, Jens K. Hertel, Espen Gjevestad, Milada Cvancarova Smastuen, Line Kristin Johnson, Catia Martins, Eivind Andersen, Jan Helgerud, Oyvind Storen
Summary: This study compared the effects of two aerobic exercise programs of different intensities on energy expenditure in patients with severe obesity. The results showed that patients completing a 24-week combined HIIT/MICT program did not achieve a higher energy expenditure compared with those who completed a 24-week MICT program, but the HIIT/MICT group experienced a significantly larger increase in energy expenditure in the 8- to 16-week period compared to the MICT group.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Vahideh Behrouz, Zahra Yari
Summary: The quality and quantity of dietary fatty acids play a significant role in weight, appetite, and energy expenditure. Saturated fatty acids have a greater impact on appetite control, while mono-unsaturated fats have stimulatory effects on energy expenditure and can be beneficial in long-term weight control. Poly unsaturated fats, including n-3 and n-6, have similar effects on increasing energy expenditure but act differently in controlling weight and appetite.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shiyu Li, Yan Du, Christiane Meireles, Kumar Sharma, Lu Qi, Alondra Castillo, Jing Wang
Summary: Despite the evidence supporting the efficacy of the ketogenic diet (KD) on weight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, adherence to the KD is challenging. This study investigated the changes in physical activity (PA) among individuals with overweight/obesity and T2D who followed the KD, as well as compared levels of KD adherence and PA in different interventions. The results highlight the need for intervention strategies to improve KD adherence and the development of standardized assessment tools for diet and PA.
NUTRITION & DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sunil K. Saini, Arashdeep Singh, Manisha Saini, Marta Gonzalez-Freire, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Stephen D. Anton
Summary: Time-restricted eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting, has been shown to provide health benefits by influencing the expression of circulatory miRNAs. This study aimed to examine the effects of a 4-week TRE regimen on global circulatory miRNA in older overweight participants. The results demonstrated that TRE downregulated miRNA, which could inhibit cell growth pathways and activate cell survival pathways, potentially promoting healthy aging.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tengteng Ji, Bing Fang, Fang Wu, Yaqiong Liu, Le Cheng, Yixuan Li, Ran Wang, Longjiao Zhu
Summary: The number of obese people is increasing worldwide due to high-fat diets causing excess energy intake. A 12-week dietary intervention study on high-fat diet-induced obese mice showed that changing the diet significantly reduced weight gain and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight. Diet change also affected lipolysis, lipogenesis, and the proportion of adipocyte stem cells in different fat tissues.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Carol F. Kirkpatrick, Kaye-Eileen Willard, Kevin C. Maki
Summary: Very-low-carbohydrate (VLC) and ketogenic diets (KDs) have short-term effects on weight loss, with no significant difference compared to higher carbohydrate diets in the long term. Triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels generally improve, while there is a variable response in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
CURRENT CARDIOLOGY REPORTS
(2022)
