Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Nikhila Reddy Sultanpuram, Umer Ahmed, Jonathan Thomas Peters, Tian Zhang, Andrew Z. Wang
Summary: Radiotherapy is used to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes, but there are challenges in treating all patients and controlling the tumor microenvironment. To overcome these challenges, engineered metastases utilizing irradiated engineered tumor cells are developed as personalized cancer vaccines.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shiu-Jau Chen, Shao-Cheng Wang, Yuan-Chuan Chen
Summary: Immunotherapy is a novel anti-cancer method that provides a better or alternative option for cancer patients. While increasingly approved for cancer treatment, it still has limitations such as low response rates in most cases. Future development should focus on biomarker discovery, new tumor targets, neoadjuvant immunotherapy, and combination with conventional therapies for more effective outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Xueli Bian, Rui Liu, Ying Meng, Dongming Xing, Daqian Xu, Zhimin Lu
Summary: Dysregulation of lipid metabolism plays a significant role in cancer progression, and understanding the regulation and disruption of lipid metabolism in cancer cells have led to promising clinical approaches in cancer therapy.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan Korbecki, Mateusz Bosiacki, Katarzyna Barczak, Ryta Lagocka, Agnieszka Brodowska, Dariusz Chlubek, Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
Summary: CXCL1, a member of the CXC chemokine subfamily, is mainly responsible for attracting neutrophils in the immune system. This review summarizes the clinical significance and involvement of CXCL1 in major reproductive cancers, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. It focuses on the clinical aspects, molecular contributions, and impact of CXCL1 on the tumor microenvironment. The significance of introducing CXCL1-targeting drugs and the role of ACKR1/DARC in reproductive cancers are also discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Emma J. Crosbie, Sarah J. Kitson, Jessica N. McAlpine, Asima Mukhopadhyay, Melanie E. Powell, Naveena Singh
Summary: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in high income countries, with a global rise in incidence. Obesity is the major underlying cause, posing challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Early presentation with postmenopausal bleeding ensures cure, but advanced cases have poor prognosis. Minimally invasive surgical staging and targeted chemotherapeutic strategies are important advances.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Shahneen Sandhu, Caroline M. Moore, Edmund Chiong, Himisha Beltran, Robert G. Bristow, Scott G. Williams
Summary: Management of prostate cancer is rapidly evolving with advances in understanding the genomic landscape, improved imaging methods, and personalised therapeutics targeting DNA repair pathways. The therapeutic framework for metastatic disease has shifted, with oligometastatic disease being evaluated for metastatic-directed therapies, and novel androgen pathway inhibitors showing significant survival benefits as first-line therapy for metastatic disease. Emerging research into molecular characterisation and novel therapeutics, such as targeted radioisotopes and immunotherapy, hold promise for improving patient outcomes.
Review
Oncology
Blerida Banushi, Shannon R. Joseph, Benedict Lum, Jason J. Lee, Fiona Simpson
Summary: This Review discusses the impact of endocytotic pathways on various cancer processes and how understanding these pathways can be used to improve cancer therapy. It also highlights the role of endocytosis in nutrient scavenging, metastasis, and drug delivery.
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alesha A. Thai, Benjamin J. Solomon, Lecia Sequist, Justin F. Gainor, Rebecca S. Heist
Summary: The seminar highlights significant advancements in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer in the past two decades, with a specific focus on targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These progressions have transformed outcomes for many patients.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Debbie W. Chen, Brian H. H. Lang, Donald S. A. McLeod, Kate Newbold, Megan R. Haymart
Summary: The past 5-10 years have seen significant advancements in the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer, including ultrasound-based risk stratification systems, less invasive alternatives to surgery, and the availability of new systemic therapies for advanced cases. However, disparities in thyroid cancer care still exist, highlighting the importance of population-based studies and inclusive research to address barriers to equitable care.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sibylle Loibl, Philip Poortmans, Monica Morrow, Carsten Denkert, Giuseppe Curigliano
Summary: Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment have become increasingly complex, incorporating various biomarkers and neoadjuvant therapies, with de-escalation schemes for radiotherapy now becoming standard practice.
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Monique Brouillette
Summary: Tumors are commonly inhabited by bacteria and fungi, which can be utilized for cancer detection, classification, and assessing the effectiveness of interventions.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Zikun Ma, Xiangdong Li, Yize Mao, Chen Wei, Zhuoli Huang, Guibo Li, Jianhua Yin, Xiaoyu Liang, Zhuowei Liu
Summary: In this study, a subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) characterized by overexpression of the urea transporter SLC14A1 was identified in bladder cancer patients. These CAFs were induced by interferon signaling and conferred stemness to bladder cancer cells through the WNT5A paracrine pathway. Inhibiting the formation of SLC14A1(+) CAFs sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapy. Importantly, bladder cancer patients with a high proportion of intratumoral SLC14A1(+) CAFs had a poor outcome and a worse response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy.
Review
Cell Biology
Xinyue Zhou, Mingming Zhou, Minying Zheng, Shifeng Tian, Xiaohui Yang, Yidi Ning, Yuwei Li, Shiwu Zhang
Summary: Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are a significant feature of cellular atypia, and their formation and function mechanisms are unclear. Recent studies have shown that these cells have cancer stem cell-like characteristics and can generate progeny cells through asymmetric division, promoting tumor invasion and migration. The formation of PGCCs can be induced by various factors such as hypoxia, chemotherapeutic reagents, and radiation. These cells can differentiate into non-tumor cells and produce highly oxygen-affine red blood cells to survive in hypoxic environments. The number of these cells is associated with tumor metastasis, resistance to chemoradiotherapy, and recurrence.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Diane M. Harper, Madiha Tariq, Asraa Alhawli, Nadia Syed, Minal Patel, Ken Resnicow
Summary: This study found that the decision-making process between healthcare providers and patients can impact women's uptake of cervical and colorectal cancer screening. Age, ethnicity, and communication behavior also play a significant role in completing these cancer screenings.
Review
Oncology
Deborah A. Silverman, Vena K. Martinez, Patrick M. Dougherty, Jeffrey N. Myers, George A. Calin, Moran Amit
Summary: Recent research has shown that high intratumoral nerve density is associated with poor prognosis and high recurrence rates across various solid tumor types. Cancer cells express neurotrophic markers and release axon-guidance molecules to promote axonogenesis. Tumors recruit new neural progenitors and rewire established nerves to adrenergic phenotypes, which in turn, facilitate cancer progression through various mechanisms such as stimulating angiogenesis and promoting the expansion of cancer stem cells.