Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 215, Issue 12, Pages 1846-1854Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix213
Keywords
Staphylococcus epidermidis; adhesion; keratin; keratinocyte; skin
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Funding
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [P30 CA013696, S10 RR025686]
- European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon research and innovation program [693630]
- National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS)
- FNRS-WELBIO [WELBIO-CR-2015A-05]
- Belgian Federal Office for Scientific, Technical, and Cultural Affairs (Interuniversity Poles of Attraction Program)
- Research Department of the Communaute Francaise de Belgique (Concerted Research Action)
- European Research Council (ERC) [693630] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Background. Staphylococcus epidermidis, a major component of skin flora, is an opportunist, often causing prosthetic device infections. A family of structurally related proteins mediates staphylococcal attachment to host tissues, contributing to the success of S. epidermidis as a pathogen. We examined the ability of the surface protein SdrF to adhere to keratin, a major molecule expressed on the skin surface. Methods. A heterologous Lactococcus lactis expression system was used to express SdrF and its ligand-binding domains. Adherence to keratin types 1 and 10, human foreskin keratinocytes, and nasal epithelial cells was examined. Results. SdrF bound human keratins 1 and 10 and adhered to keratinocytes and epithelial cells. Binding involved both the A and B domains. Anti-SdrF antibodies reduced adherence of S. epidermidis to keratin and keratinocytes. RNA interference reduced keratin synthesis in keratinocytes and, as a result, SdrF adherence. Direct force measurements using atomic force microscopy showed that SdrF mediates bacterial adhesion to keratin 10 through strong and weak bonds involving the A and B regions; strong adhesion was primarily mediated by the A region. Conclusions. These studies demonstrate that SdrF mediates adherence to human keratin and suggest that SdrF may facilitate S. epidermidis colonization of the skin.
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