Review
Cell Biology
Stavros Garantziotis, Rashmin C. Savani
Summary: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is not only a structure but also plays key roles in cellular responses. Proteoglycans (PGs), a component of ECM, have been found to be crucial in both health maintenance and disease development by activating the innate immune system and influencing cell fate.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Ryma Haroun, Sahar Naasri, Ayman J. Oweida
Summary: TLRs are essential for immune responses and can mediate inflammation by recognizing molecular patterns in pathogens and damaged cells. TLR ligands have gained attention in cancer research, especially in combination with cancer treatments like immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT). However, the role of TLRs in cancer, particularly in response to radiation, is still poorly understood. This review examines how TLR signaling affects tumor response to RT and proposes a framework for TLR-based therapies with RT.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonios Lazaridis, Eleni Gavriilaki, Stella Douma, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
Summary: Essential hypertension is a highly heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology, where subclinical inflammation and abnormal activation of TLR signaling play crucial roles in its pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Wicherska-Pawlowska, Tomasz Wrobel, Justyna Rybka
Summary: The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating immune cells and initiating inflammatory and immune responses. This system also plays a role in cancer immunosurveillance, with potential for natural and synthetic agonists of PRRs to be used as adjuvants in cancer immunotherapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Bettina Hoden, David DeRubeis, Margarita Martinez-Moczygemba, Kenneth S. Ramos, Dekai Zhang
Summary: Innate immune response mechanisms play a crucial role in lung cancer immunity and immunotherapy. TLR signaling can modulate the tumor microenvironment and enhance the immune sensitization of tumor cells to treatments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gyu Hwan Hyun, In Ho Cho, Yoon Young Yang, Da-Hye Jeong, Yun Pyo Kang, You-Sun Kim, Seul Ji Lee, Sung Won Kwon
Summary: This study investigates the immunological action of complex pectin by studying its interaction with Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The research shows that pectic heteropolysaccharides (HPSs) derived from terrestrial plant cell walls can bind to TLR4 and activate the immune response. The findings provide a better understanding of the interaction between complex carbohydrates and proteins.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefano Martini, Alessandra Gemma, Marco Ferrari, Marco Cosentino, Franca Marino
Summary: Cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychotropic cannabinoid derived from cannabis, has been approved for the treatment of seizures associated with certain syndromes and has shown potential in treating inflammation and immune-related conditions. Preclinical studies have demonstrated CBD's inhibitory effects on cytokine production and tissue infiltration, suggesting its therapeutic role in diseases with inflammatory components. However, clinical studies are needed to validate its efficacy in conditions such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Risa Tamagawa-Mineoka
Summary: The skin acts as a physical barrier and toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in both infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. In atopic dermatitis (AD), skin barrier dysfunction allows stimuli to penetrate the skin and activate the innate immune system, leading to inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Karsten Eichholz, Tuan Hiep Tran, Coraline Cheneau, Thi Thu Phuong Tran, Oceane Paris, Martine Pugniere, Eric J. Kremer
Summary: This study examines the interactions between danger-associated molecular patterns and human adenoviruses and their impact on vaccines. The interaction between human adenoviruses and HNP-1 can modify the response of antigen-presenting cells, influencing vaccine efficacy. HNP-1 binds to the capsids of human adenoviruses and directs them to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to internalization, inflammasome response, and IL-1β release.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva, Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio, Robson Coutinho-Silva, David M. Ojcius
Summary: The innate immune system in vertebrates and invertebrates relies on conserved receptors and ligands, and pathways to initiate a rapid response against microbial infections and other sources of stress and danger. Research on NOD-like receptors (NLRs) has advanced in the past two decades, providing insight into the ligands and conditions that activate NLRs, as well as the outcomes of NLR activation in cells and animals. NLRs play crucial roles in diverse functions, such as transcription of MHC molecules and initiation of inflammation, and their activation can be direct or indirect depending on the ligands involved. Future discoveries will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular details and physiological consequences of NLR activation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Priscila Saamara Masin, Hugo Alves Visentin, Laise Nayana Sala Elpidio, Ana Maria Sell, Lorena Visentainer, Quirino Alves De Lima Neto, Joana Maira Valentini Zacarias, Patricia Couceiro, Andressa Higa Shinzato, Manuel Santos Rosa, Paulo Rodrigues-Santos, Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer
Summary: This study investigated the association between polymorphisms in TLR1 and TLR2 genes and susceptibility/protection against leprosy in southern Brazil. The results showed that certain genotypes in TLR1 and TLR2 were more frequent in the control group, suggesting a potential protective role against leprosy.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mahsa Jalili, Azita Hekmatdoost
Summary: Ω-3 long-chain fatty acids play a crucial role in regulating inflammation and the immune system, especially in pathogen recognition and downstream signaling pathways. They may exert anti-inflammatory effects by influencing lipid rafts, modulating cytokines, and receptors, among other pathways.
Article
Immunology
Ping-Ping Sun, Dan Li, Meng Su, Qing Ren, Wen-Ping Guo, Jiang-Li Wang, Luan-Ying Du, Guang-Cheng Xie
Summary: This study investigated the effects of TLR1/2/4/6 monomers and TLR2 heterodimer on EV71 replication and innate immune activation. It was found that TLR monomers and TLR2 heterodimer inhibited EV71 replication and induced the production of IL-8. Additionally, the EV71 capsid proteins served as pathogen-associated molecular patterns for TLR monomers and TLR2 heterodimer, activating innate immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Caroline Fernandes-Santos, Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
Summary: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the dengue virus, with a wide range of clinical manifestations. In the innate antiviral response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in pathogen recognition and the production of inflammatory cytokines and interferons essential for preventing viral replication.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diana Talipova, Aiganym Smagulova, Dimitri Poddighe
Summary: This review discusses the potential role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immunopathogenesis of CD. Although evidence from basic research is limited, differences in TLR expression and activation have been observed between active CD patients and controls or treated CD patients in some clinical studies. Therefore, TLRs may be part of the non-HLA-related genetic factors implicated in CD pathogenesis, considering their potential role in the interaction between the host immune system and environmental factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Zahady D. Velasquez, Lisbeth Rojas-Baron, Camilo Larrazabal, Marcelo Salierno, Ulrich Gaertner, Learta Pervizaj-Oruqaj, Susanne Herold, Carlos Hermosilla, Anja Taubert
Summary: The study reveals that Neospora caninum interferes with host cell cycle progression and significantly affects the nuclear phenotype of primary bovine endothelial host cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Neil Marr, Danae E. E. Zamboulis, Dirk Werling, Alessandro A. A. Felder, Jayesh Dudhia, Andrew A. A. Pitsillides, Chavaunne T. T. Thorpe
Summary: This study reveals that the interfascicular matrix is a unique tendon cell niche, consisting of a rich vascular network and basement membranes. Experimentally, CD146+ cells in the interfascicular matrix were found to play an important role in promoting tendon structure and/or function, but do not exhibit stem cell-like phenotypes.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wiebke Obermann, Mohammad Farhan Darin Azri, Leonie Konopka, Nina Schmidt, Francesca Magari, Julian Sherman, Liliana M. R. Silva, Carlos Hermosilla, Andreas H. Ludewig, Hicham Houhou, Simone Haeberlein, Mona Yiting Luo, Irina Haecker, Marc F. Schetelig, Christoph G. Grevelding, Frank C. Schroeder, Gilbert Sei Kung Lau, Anja Taubert, Ana Rodriguez, Andreas Heine, Tiong Chia Yeo, Arnold Gruenweller, Gaspar Taroncher-Oldenburg
Summary: Inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) is proposed as a strategy to combat pathogens. Rocaglates are highly specific eIF4A inhibitors, and in silico analysis identified 35 eIF4A variants that are potentially sensitive to rocaglates. In vitro assays confirmed the predicted resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans and Leishmania amazonensis, and the predicted sensitivity in Aedes sp., Schistosoma mansoni, Trypanosoma brucei, Plasmodium falciparum, and Toxoplasma gondii. These findings suggest that rocaglates could be effective against various insect, plant, animal, and human pathogens.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Angela Holder, Jeannine Kolakowski, Chloe Rosentreter, Ellen Knuepfer, Sabine A. F. Jegouzo, Oliver Rosenwasser, Heather Harris, Lotta Baumgaertel, Amanda Gibson, Dirk Werling
Summary: Innate immune receptors form complexes with secondary receptors to activate multiple signaling pathways, regulating homeostasis and immunity. A bovine homologue of Mincle (boMincle) has been characterized to be structurally and functionally similar to the human orthologue (huMincle), although there are some differences. BoMincle is predominantly expressed by myeloid cells, but mRNA transcripts were also detected in granulocytes, B cells, and T cells. BoMincle has the potential to recognize endogenous ligands, suggesting its role in homeostasis in cattle.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Zahady D. Velasquez, Raquel Peixoto, Ulrich Gaertner, Carlos Hermosilla, Anja Taubert, Ivan Conejeros
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are important innate defense mechanisms formed by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and composed of chromatin and microbicidal proteins. However, the exact mechanisms of Toxoplasma gondii-induced NET formation in cattle are still largely unknown, including signaling pathways and dynamics. In this study, we investigated the involvement of cell cycle proteins in T. gondii-induced NETs in bovine PMNs. Our findings showed that Ki-67 and lamin B1 signals were upregulated and relocated during T. gondii-induced NETosis, and nuclear membrane disruption was also observed. However, centrosome duplication, previously described in human PMN-derived NET formation, was not observed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ella F. Fischer, Elfi K. Schlohsarczyk, Manuela Groef, Ulrich Gaertner, Anja Taubert, Carlos Hermosilla
Summary: This study focuses on the pathological findings of the enoplid nematode Hystrichis tricolor in infected Egyptian geese and neozoan shelduck in Germany. It reveals that eight out of twelve infected birds had proventriculitis caused by H. tricolor, and highlights the potential role of Egyptian geese as reservoir hosts and in parasite transmission. Due to avian health concerns, monitoring of hystrichiosis in native waterfowl and implementing appropriate management practices are recommended.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Ella F. Fischer, Sabine Recht, Juan Velez, Linda Rogge, Anja Taubert, Carlos R. Hermosilla
Summary: Various studies have demonstrated the importance of transmission and passage of alien and native pathogens in the establishment and spread of invasive species. This study focused on Egyptian geese, which are neozotic birds found in various continents. The presence of these geese in urban habitats in Central Europe, where they come into close contact with humans and their pets, raises concerns about the anthropozoonotic risks and endoparasites they may carry. The survey conducted in Germany revealed the presence of 13 metazoan endoparasite species in Egyptian geese, including the anthropozoonotic Echinostoma revolutum. The study also found differences in parasite load between rural and urban populations of Egyptian geese.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lukas Demattio, Ivan Conejeros, Daniela Grob, Ulrich Gaertner, Anja Taubert, Carlos Hermosilla, Axel Wehrend
Summary: Colostrum is essential for the health and development of mammalian neonates, and it has been found that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) migrate from the mother to the infant via colostrum uptake. However, little is known about the activities of colostral PMN in sheep. This study examined the ability of ovine colostral-derived PMN to extrude neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) against the abortive apicomplexan parasite Neospora caninum.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Jennifer R. Irving, Thomas K. Hiron, Lucy J. Davison, Dong Xia, Samuel Beck, Dirk Werling, Jonathan Williams
Summary: Differentiating between canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal T-cell lymphoma can be challenging and invasive. This study explored the potential use of microRNA (miRNA) as a non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis. Using archived endoscopically-derived tissue, miRNA was extracted and differentially expressed miRNAs were identified to differentiate between normal/minimally inflamed tissue, severe IBD, and T-cell lymphoma in dogs.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Gabriel Espinosa, Ivan Conejeros, Lisbeth Rojas-Baron, Carlos Rodrigo Hermosilla, Anja Taubert
Summary: This study investigated a new immune response mechanism in cattle called neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation caused by bovine besnoitiosis. The study found that ATP plays a critical role in regulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) through the nucleotide P2 receptor family for NET formation. Additionally, the study identified the P2X1 purinergic receptor as a key molecule in B. besnoiti-induced PMN clustering and anchored NET formation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ella F. Fischer, Romy Mueller, Matthias Todte, Anja Taubert, Carlos Hermosilla
Summary: Salmonella is a common and pathogenic bacteria that can cause severe gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Birds, including Anseriformes, act as natural carriers of zoonotic-relevant Salmonella serovars and can transmit the bacteria to humans. This study investigated the role of Egyptian geese as natural hosts of Salmonella and discussed the potential transmission of salmonellosis to humans through chlorinated public swimming pools.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nils H. Anschuetz, Stefanie Gerbig, Parviz Ghezellou, Liliana M. R. Silva, Juan Diego Velez, Carlos R. Hermosilla, Anja Taubert, Bernhard Spengler
Summary: This study used a combination of AP-SMALDI MSI and HPLCMS/MS to determine and locate molecular biomarkers in in vitro C. parvum-infected host cells and neonatal calf intestines. Over a thousand different molecular signals were found in C. parvum-infected material, and structural verification of markers was conducted using database searches and HPLC-MS/MS experiments.
Article
Biology
Seyed Sajjad Hasheminasab, Ivan Conejeros, Ulrich Gaertner, Faustin Kamena, Anja Taubert, Carlos R. Hermosilla
Summary: This study investigated the involvement of ATP purinergic receptor P2X1, glycolysis, monocarboxylate transporters (MCT), and Notch signaling in bovine monocytes exposed to Cryptosporidium parvum. The findings demonstrated that C. parvum-induced monocyte extracellular traps (METs) are P2X1-independent but MCT-dependent defense mechanism. The METs entrap the parasites and inhibit sporozoite excystation.
Article
Microbiology
Sian-Marie Frosini, Georgina Gallow, Amanda Gibson, Juliana Menezes, Constanca Pomba, Anette Loeffler
Summary: This study aimed to detect MRCoPS carriers from faecal samples using qPCR. The results showed that mecA gene can be detected in faeces of MRCoPS carriers and non-carriers by qPCR, which provides a useful method for MRCoPS surveillance.
MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Ratiporn Thongsoi, Siriluk Maskaew, Panumas Puechpon, Benjaporn Noppradit, Napassawan Inaek, Prapaporn Utarabhand, Phanthipha Runsaeng
Summary: In this study, a PPAE gene called FmPPAE1 was cloned and analyzed in banana shrimp. FmPPAE1 plays a vital role in regulating the proPO system, exhibits antibacterial properties, and contributes to the suppression of bacterial proliferation.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Jishuang Tan, Paizelaiti Sahaer, Huan Li, Wei Han, Hongyan Sun
Summary: Circular RNAs (circRNA) are involved in gene expression and affect cellular processes such as transcription, splicing, and translation by interacting with microRNA and RNA binding proteins. A study identified circDNAJB6 as a circular RNA abundant in chicken macrophages after bacterial infection, and found that circDNAJB6 exacerbates cellular injury and interacts with multiple miRNAs and target genes, potentially impacting autophagy and MAPK signaling pathways.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Rodrigo Guabiraba, Damaris Ribeiro Rodrigues, Paul T. Manna, Melanie Chollot, Vincent Saint-Martin, Sascha Trapp, Marisa Oliveira, Clare E. Bryant, Brian J. Ferguson
Summary: The innate immune response relies on the ability of host cells to detect and respond to microbial nucleic acids. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in this process by distinguishing self from non-self. This study focused on TLR21, an avian TLR that recognizes bacterial DNA motifs. The findings suggest that avian TLR21 shares similar activation mechanisms to mammalian TLR9, highlighting the conservation of nucleic acid sensing mechanisms across species.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Safieh Zeinali, Kate Sutton, Lonneke Vervelde
Summary: Chickens have a unique immune structure characterized by the absence of draining lymph nodes and the presence of well-developed mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The structure and development of chicken lymphoid tissues in the intestine, particularly Peyer's patches, have been poorly studied. However, the use of CSF1R-eGFP reporter transgenic chickens has allowed for the visualization and investigation of the development and distribution of these tissues. This research provides insights that could benefit mucosal vaccination strategies and the development of targeted vaccine delivery systems.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2024)
Retraction
Fisheries
G. -g. Li, Z. -z. Guo, X. -f. Ma, N. Cao, S. -n. Geng, Y. -q. Zheng, M. -j. Meng, H. -h. Lin, G. Han, G. -j. Du
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Jinyue Yang, Peng Zhou, Wanrong Wu, Qingxiang Zhang, Dong Chen, Rui Luo
Summary: This study cloned and characterized the full-length sequence of duck MRE11 (duMRE11) for the first time, and found that this protein plays an important role in the innate immune response of ducks.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Mengjiao Guo, Jiaqi Zhang, Mingtao Li, Xiaorong Zhang, Yantao Wu
Summary: rNLRC3 negatively regulates the NF -KB signaling pathway induced by P. multocida in rabbits by inhibiting the activation of NF -KB, reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and interacting with rTRAF4 and rTRAF6. The NACHT-LRR domain is the functional domain of rNLRC3. These findings provide insights into the important role of rNLRC3 in combating P. multocida infection.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Yinan Li, Xingye Lian, Wenwen Yang, Jinyuan Leng, Jiejie Sun, Yu Liu, Siqi Fan, Lingling Wang, Linsheng Song
Summary: The DM9-containing protein CgDM9CP-7 plays an important role in the innate immune response of molluscs. It is constitutively expressed in various tissues and is up-regulated in haemocytes after stimulation by Vibrio splendidus and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CgDM9CP-7 binds to various pathogens and exhibits antimicrobial activity, while also regulating the expression of CgMyD88 and CgIL-17.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Fisheries
Xiuwen Bao, Haoran Song, Liying He, Yong Li, Shuqi Niu, Jinlin Guo
Summary: This study focuses on the interaction between Hepialus xiaojinensis larvae and Ophiocordyceps sinensis during the infection process. The results show that the infected third instar larvae enhance antioxidant defense ability, while the infected fourth instar larvae reduce this ability and allocate more energy to growth and development.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2024)
