Article
Environmental Sciences
Zengkai Liu, Zhonghao Han, Qi Chen, Xuewei Shi, Qiang Ma, Baoping Cai, Yonghong Liu
Summary: Oil spills pose serious threats to the marine ecosystem, particularly when faced with extreme weather conditions. This study presents a novel method using dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) to quantify the risk of oil spills in extreme winds. By transforming physical models into DBNs and establishing a vulnerability model based on coastline types and socio-economic resources, the overall DBN for quantifying the dynamic risk of oil spills in extreme winds is obtained. The proposed method is demonstrated in the Laizhou Bay and validated using a three-axiom-based approach to calculate the temporal and spatial dynamics of risk caused by oil spills in potential locations. The study also examines the risk of the Laizhou Bay coast caused by oil spills in annual extreme wind speeds corresponding to different mean recurrence intervals and investigates the effects of the occurrence time of annual extreme winds.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Thomas Anselain, Essam Heggy, Thomas Dobbelaere, Emmanuel Hanert
Summary: More than 20% of global LNG exports and almost all of Qatar's drinking water production come from vulnerable industrial sites on Qatar's eastern coast. By modeling oil-spill dispersal in Qatar's maritime waters, researchers have identified high-risk areas that pose a threat to the nation's LNG export and seawater desalination facilities. The findings suggest that these high-risk areas should be closely monitored to prevent oil spills from disrupting Qatar's LNG exports and exacerbating the global gas crisis.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Geoffrey Ruaux, Kyra Monmasson, Tyson L. Hedrick, Sophie Lumineau, Emmanuel de Margerie
Summary: In this study, the flight behaviors of house martins during the breeding season were recorded, and several kinematic and biomechanical variables were described. The house martins were found to use various strategies to save energy, such as environmental energy extraction and optimization of flight speed according to wind conditions. The study also identified the impact of temperature, solar radiation, and humidity on gliding birds' vertical speed and compared the flight behaviors of juvenile and adult birds.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Casey P. Fagley, Robert M. Warner, Matthew R. Chmiel, Thomas R. Yechout
Summary: In the development of the Orion crew module, NASA is faced with the challenge of characterizing and predicting stability during atmospheric reentry. Wind tunnel tests were conducted to determine the static and dynamic derivatives, and a nonlinear second-order model was formulated to predict the response of the crew module. The accuracy of the model was confirmed through direct comparisons with flight test data.
JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Yiqiu Yang, Yan Li, Juan Li, Jingui Liu, Zhiyi Gao, Kaixuan Guo, Han Yu
Summary: This study found that Stokes drift has an impact on oil spill simulations and should be taken into consideration. The relationship between wind speed, waves, and Stokes drift is complex and cannot be simply substituted. Stokes drift is particularly important for medium and long-term simulations, with its velocity being non-linear.
ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lei Xia, Faze Chen, Zexin Cai, Jiaqi Chao, Yanling Tian, Dawei Zhang
Summary: A superhydrophobic-superoleophilic, magnetic and 3D porous carbon-based foam has been synthesized for selective oil removal from water in both open and non-open environments. The foam exhibits low density, high compressive strength, and high oil adsorption capacity, and can selectively remove oil from water under the assistance of a magnet. The foam also demonstrates excellent chemical stability and high/low temperature stability, allowing for effective oil removal under various conditions.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Paulo Gabriel Siqueira, Marcio das Chagas Moura, Heitor Oliveira Duarte
Summary: The increasing maritime oil transport poses a higher risk of oil spills, which can cause significant damage to the marine environment. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively assess and communicate these risks. In this research, we enhance a previous assessment by using oil spill simulations and estimating the frequency of accidents through Bayesian-based methods. We quantify ecological risks in terms of probabilities of half loss of a representative species and provide reliable information for decision-makers to address these events.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
H. V. R. Mittal, Sabique Langodan, Peng Zhan, Shihan Li, Omar Knio, Ibrahim Hoteit
Summary: This study investigates the risk from oil spills along the main shipping lane in the Red Sea, analyzing the movement and distribution patterns of spilled oil in the region and proposing corresponding hazard assessment measures.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guanjie Zeng, Xiaozhong Huang, Jianling Yue, Benhui Fan, Yu Liu, Xiu-Zhi Tang
Summary: Efficient cleanup of oil spills remains a global challenge due to the high viscosity of crude oil and complicated topographic features. In this study, magnetic porous carbon powders (MPCs) with photothermal effect were prepared and demonstrated rapid and selective absorption of different oils from polluted water. The MPCs exhibited high absorption capacity and could be conveniently collected through a remote magnetic field.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaojun Sun, Hongrui Fu, Mutai Bao, Wei Liu, Chengyi Luo, Yang Li, Yiming Li, Jinren Lu
Summary: More technologies are needed to effectively eliminate oil spills. This study focused on sorption methods, specifically using biochars prepared from different materials and temperatures. The cornstalk biochar (CSBC) showed excellent oil sorption capacity, especially when prepared at 350 degrees C (CSBC350). Further modifications were done to enhance the magnetic field controllability and hydrophobicity of CSBC350, resulting in satisfactory oil sorption capacities. The sorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm models. The sorption mechanisms involved hydrophobic forces, pore intercepts, and hydrogen-bond interactions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. Harvey, V. B. Baliga, C. D. Goates, D. F. Hunsaker, D. J. Inman
Summary: The study found that joint-driven wing morphing effectively controls lift, pitching moment, and static margin in UAVs, but other mechanisms are still required for trimming. Within the range of wing extension, specific paths of joint motion allow for distinct longitudinal flight control strategies, with extension along the trajectory inherent to the musculoskeletal linkage system producing the largest changes to the aerodynamic properties investigated.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Alex Zanotti, Davide Algarotti
Summary: This article investigates the aerodynamic interaction between front and rear propellers during the flight of eVTOLs and its impact on propeller performance and flow field. Wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations reveal that an increased degree of overlapping between the propeller disks leads to a significant loss of rear propeller thrust, and partial overlapping results in higher thrust fluctuations.
AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brane Sirok, Jurij Gostisa, Matej Secnik, Krzysztof Mackala, Milan Coh
Summary: This study aimed to identify changes in biokinetic parameters of running using a high-tech wind tunnel device and special treadmill. The research found that contact phases were longer than flight phases, with maximum forces at take-off greater than when running with backwind. The application of high-tech devices was accurate for kinetic measurements of running parameters in changing conditions.
Article
Mechanics
I. Echeverribar, P. Brufau, P. Garcia-Navarro
Summary: Currently, coastal oil spill simulation models are mainly based on Lagrangian methods and particle tracking algorithms to represent the fate of the oil slick. In this study, a fully Eulerian numerical model is implemented using a two-dimensional two-layer shallow water model to simulate this environmentally significant disaster. The model considers the friction terms between the oil layer and the water layer, allowing the oil layer to flow over a moving water volume. It also takes into account the temperature transport and evolution of the oil layer, as well as the weathering process of evaporation.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Yun Wu, Biao Wei, Hua Liang, Like Xie, Zhe LI, Yinghong LI
Summary: This research proposes a method of using distributed plasma to modulate ice shape, significantly improving aerodynamic performance and flight safety while saving power consumption for aircraft. Experimental results show that ice shape modulation can create a wavy leading edge, providing better improvements in flight characteristics compared to continuous ice.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
I Maggini, F. M. Tahanitani, M. Cardinale, L. Fusani, C. Carere
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Paolo Becciu, Myles H. M. Menz, Annika Aurbach, Sergio A. Cabrera-Cruz, Charlotte E. Wainwright, Martina Scacco, Michal Ciach, Lars B. Pettersson, Ivan Maggini, Gonzalo M. Arroyo, Jeffrey J. Buler, Don R. Reynolds, Nir Sapir
Article
Ornithology
Armando Alberto Aispuro, Clara Machowetz, Marc Illa, Gabriel Gargallo, Ivan Maggini
ARDEOLA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrea Ferretti, Ivan Maggini, Sara Lupi, Massimiliano Cardinale, Leonida Fusani
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Ornithology
Ivan Maggini, Marta Trez, Massimiliano Cardinale, Leonida Fusani
JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Ornithology
Nikolaus Huber, Virginie Canoine, Jessica S. Cornils, Ivan Maggini, Massimiliano Cardinale, Thomas Ruf, Leonida Fusani
JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivan Maggini, Massimiliano Cardinale, Jonas Hentati Sundberg, Fernando Spina, Leonida Fusani
Article
Ecology
Ivan Maggini, Massimiliano Cardinale, Andrea Favaretto, Petr Vorisek, Fernando Spina, Francesco Maoret, Andrea Ferri, Sara Riello, Leonida Fusani
Summary: This study assessed the value of standardized capture data of migratory birds at migration bottlenecks as an indicator of effective breeding populations. Results showed consistency in population trends, with the main factor being tracking capture numbers and the importance of rich data for accuracy.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Andrea Ferretti, Ivan Maggini, Leonida Fusani
Summary: Migratory birds cover long distances between their wintering and breeding grounds, with stopovers playing a crucial role in their energy management and migration success. Understanding the role of small islands for migratory birds and how birds manage their energy at these sites is important for optimizing conservation strategies and not solely relying on food availability for setting protection priorities.
ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Armando Alberto Aispuro, Virginie Canoine, Marc Illa, Leonida Fusani, Ivan Maggini
Summary: This study discovered that birds also exhibit territorial behavior during migration. The researchers used Western Subalpine Warblers as the study subjects and found that males aggressively defend and broadcast their stopover territories, and that the characteristics of the territories are related to their body condition. However, the territory characteristics did not influence the rate at which they refueled. Females, on the other hand, did not show territorial behavior but refueled at a similar rate as males. These findings suggest that stopover territoriality during migration may be related to breeding preparations and life history stage transitions in birds.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Ecology
Otto Monge, Ivan Maggini, Christian H. Schulze, Stefan Dullinger, Leonida Fusani
Summary: Tropical species are often considered more vulnerable to climate change due to their assumed low physiological capacity to withstand temperature fluctuations. However, there is no consistent evidence of direct physiological sensitivity to warming in tropical birds. They possess the physiological capacities to cope with fluctuating temperatures and are prepared to withstand elevated levels of heat. Further research is needed to address unanswered questions and improve our understanding of how tropical birds respond to warming.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yolanda E. Morbey, Christopher G. Guglielmo, Philip D. Taylor, Ivan Maggini, Jessica Deakin, Stuart A. Mackenzie, J. Morgan Brown, Lin Zhao
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ivan Maggini, Lisa V. Kennedy, Steven J. Bursian, Karen M. Dean, Alexander R. Gerson, Kendal E. Harr, Jane E. Link, Chris A. Pritsos, Karen L. Pritsos, Christopher G. Guglielmo
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2017)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Steven J. Bursian, Karen M. Dean, Kendal E. Harr, Lisa Kennedy, Jane E. Link, Ivan Maggini, Chris Pritsos, Karen L. Pritsos, R. E. Schmidt, Christopher G. Guglielmo
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2017)
Article
Ornithology
Sara Lupi, Ivan Maggini, Wolfgang Goymann, Massimiliano Cardinale, Alfonso Rojas Mora, Leonida Fusani
JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
(2017)