Treatment Outcome Following Direct Pulp Capping Using Bioceramic Materials in Mature Permanent Teeth with Carious Exposure: A Pilot Retrospective Study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the sequelae of direct pulp capping (DPC) using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine in mature permanent teeth with carious exposure. Methods: Clinical records of 30 patients (15 each with MTA and Biodentine) treated with DPC technique from January 2015 to June 2015 were retrieved. Success rates (based on symptoms, sensibility tests, and radiographic analysis) and adverse events were analyzed. Results: The patients were reviewed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after treatment. Four cases (2 each of MTA and Biodentine) were lost to follow-up. MTA and Biodentine groups showed success rates of 84.6% and 92.3%, respectively, with overall success rate of 88.5%. Radiographically visible dentin bridge formation was observed in 69.2% (9/13) and 61.5% (8/13) of cases done with MTA and Biodentine, respectively. The cases done with MTA showed corona! discoloration on review. Diffuse calcifications of the pulp chamber were observed in 1 (7.7%) case done with MTA and 3 (23.1%) cases done with Biodentine. Conclusions: The advent of bio-ceramic materials with better biocompatibility and sealing properties can make the outcome of DPC technique in mature permanent teeth with carious exposure more predictable. The success rate observed in this study should be confirmed through randomized controlled trials with long follow-up periods. Effects of adverse events like corona! discoloration and calcifications of the pulp chamber also need to be evaluated.