The effect of flash pyrolysis temperature on compositional variability of pyrolyzates from birch lignin

The influence of the temperature on product formation during flash pyrolysis of birch lignin was investigated by using Py-GC-MS. In this study, milled wood lignin was isolated from Betula pubescens and by using Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (H-1-C-13-HSQC) spectroscopy the S:G ratio was found to be 4.3. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out at temperatures from 400 to 900 degrees C with a flash filament pyrolysis, Pyrola 2000. The GC-MS method used identified more than 30 different compounds, including aldehydes, aromatic compounds, alkenes, alkanes and ketones. The weakest lignin linkage was found to be the beta-O-4, which was cleaved at the lowest temperature range applied (400-500 degrees C) and gave mainly rise to aldehydes and ketones in the pyrolyzate. At the highest temperature range (750-900 degrees C) the pyrolyzate contained mostly smaller aromatic compounds without the alkyl chain in C-1 position. Pyrolyzates with the same functional groups in C-1 position, were found to have similar degradation patterns over the temperature range. This was clearly seen for the aldehydes and ketones, but was also observable for alkanes and alkenes. Aldehydes decreased until 500 degrees C before leveling off, ketones peaked at 700 degrees C, alkene and C-1 with CH3 or H peaked at 500 degrees C while phenylcoumaran increased after 700 degrees C. This study clearly shows that the HSQC-NMR and flash Py-GC-MS are techniques that provide valuable information of molecular structure of lignin and compositional variance in the products formed by flash pyrolysis. Finally, seven interesting high value compounds were identified which in total amounted to around 45% of the pyrolyzate at 500 degrees C. These components were 4-ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylphenol, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) ethanone, 4-ethenyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde.