Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 65, Issue 11, Pages 2373-2382Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03710
Keywords
ice nucleation proteins (INPs); freeze concentration efficiency; ice morphology; desalination; X-ray computed tomography
Funding
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Hatch project through the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Hatch project [0190620, NJ10142]
- Center for Advanced Food Technology (CAFT)/Rutgers Cooperative Research and Development Program, School of Environmental and Biological Science, Rutgers
- State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Freeze concentration is a separation process with high success in product quality. The remaining challenge is to achieve high efficiency with low cost. This study aims to evaluate the potential of using ice nucleation proteins (INPs) as an effective method to improve the efficiency of block freeze concentration while also exploring the related mechanism of ice morphology. Our results show that INPs are able to significantly improve the efficiency of block freeze concentration in a desalination model. Using this experimental system, we estimate that approximately 50% of the energy cost can be saved by the inclusion of INPs in desalination cycles while still meeting the EPA standard of drinking water (<500 ppm). Our investigative tools for ice morphology include optical microscopy and X-ray computed tofnography imaging analysis. Their use indicates that INPs promote the development of a lamellar structured ice matrix with larger hydraulic diameters, which facilitates brine drainage and contains less brine entrapment as compared to control samples. These results suggest great potential for applying INPs to develop an energy-saving freeze concentration method via the alteration of ice morphology.
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