Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
James G. Fujimoto, Eric A. Swanson, David Huang
Summary: In this viewpoint, the inventors of optical coherence tomography, the winners of the 2023 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award, discuss the technology's ability to rapidly detect diseases of the retina that impair vision.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tinsley H. Davis
Summary: Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a noninvasive imaging method that measures the delay in return of reflected light, has become a standard of care in ophthalmology and has various applications in medical and industrial fields. James Fujimoto, David Huang, and Eric Swanson won the LaskerDeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for their invention and development of OCT, and in an interview, they discussed the technology's development and future applications.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kathryn L. Hopkins, Maya Jaffer, Khuthadzo E. Hlongwane, Kennedy Otwombe, Janan Dietrich, Mireille Cheyip, Jacobus Olivier, Tanya Doherty, Glenda E. Gray
Summary: A screening center in Soweto, South Africa investigated high-risk HPV, HIV, and cervical cancer risk among women. The study found high prevalence of HR-HPV infection in South African women, low coverage of cervical cancer screening, and that younger women are more susceptible to LSIL and other HR-HPV infections. It suggests implementing HPV-based primary screening starting from age 25.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiaopeng Liang, Oscar Hou In Chou, Bernard M. Y. Cheung
Summary: This study investigated the association between HPV infection and cardiovascular diseases among women with or without HPV vaccination. The results showed that the presence of vaginal HPV infection was associated with cardiovascular diseases, but this association was not significant among women vaccinated against HPV.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Weile Xie, Longlong Wang, Dan Luo, Vijay Soni, Eric H. Rosenn, Zhe Wang
Summary: Mycobacterium smegmatis (M.sm) is a widely used alternative model organism for studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). It has high sequence homology with M.tb but is considered non-pathogenic in humans. Recent advancements in vaccinomics tools that support the efficacy of a M.sm-based vaccine vector are reviewed in this article, highlighting the potential for developing next-generation recombinant vaccines against rapidly developing diseases through the integration of systems biology and molecular omics techniques.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Leah Grout, Ameera Katar, Driss Ait Ouakrim, Jennifer A. Summers, Amanda Kvalsvig, Michael G. Baker, Tony Blakely, Nick Wilson
Summary: Quarantine system failures in Australia and New Zealand were identified, with 22 failures in Australia and 10 in New Zealand as of June 15, 2021. One failure led to a COVID-19 outbreak causing over 800 deaths, and nine lockdowns were linked to quarantine system failures. The risk of failure per 1000 SARS-CoV-2-positive travellers was higher in New Zealand compared to Australia, indicating the need for improved infection control measures in quarantine systems.
MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Saeid Safiri, Ali Asghar Kolahi, Marita Cross, Kristin Carson-Chahhoud, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Jay Kaufman, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Mahdi Sepidarkish, Ahad Ashrafi-Asgarabad, Damian Hoy, Gary Collins, Anthony D. Woolf, Lyn March, Emma Smith
Summary: Globally, the point prevalence and death rates of other musculoskeletal disorders increased in 2017, with higher estimates among females and increasing prevalence with age. The data suggests a need for specific disease information within this category for future global burden of disease estimates to inform resource allocation and interventions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jennifer Cole, James Gambone, Emily Barnard
Summary: The project effectively reduced occupational health exposures to airborne and droplet transmitted diseases in the emergency room by 100%. The results should encourage Infection Preventionists to adapt the Centers for Disease Control's empiric transmission isolation precautions in their emergency rooms and urgent cares to prevent airborne and droplet transmitted disease exposures.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Carolina Melchior do Prado, Emanuel Razzolini, Gabriela Santacruz, Leticia Ojeda, Marlon Roger Geraldo, Nancy Segovia, Jose Pereira Brunelli, Vania Aparecida Vicente, Walfrido Kuhl Svoboda, Flavio Queiroz-Telles
Summary: This article reports the first two autochthonous cases of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis in Paraguay. The cases showed ulcerative lesions, respiratory symptoms, and nasal deformity.
Article
Virology
Monica Carol, Victor Guadalupe-Fernandez, Cristina Rius, Nuria Soldevila, Efren Razquin, Susana Guix, Angela Dominguez
Summary: An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred among schoolchildren at a holiday camp in Catalonia in February 2017, with a total of 41 cases identified among 174 individuals. Water consumption was found to be the main factor associated with the outbreak. Detection of Norovirus and other pathogens in fecal and water samples highlighted the potential risks of untreated water from natural fountains.
Article
Immunology
Emily J. Ciccone, Alena J. Markmann, Megan L. Srinivas, Kara J. Levinson, Melissa B. Miller, David van Duin, Cynthia L. Gay
Summary: This is the first documented case of JCV in North Carolina, where a liver transplant patient presented with acute symptoms including headache, aphasia, and confusion. Additionally, it is the first report of successful recovery from JCV encephalitis through treatment with intravenous immune globulin.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ludmila Lobkowicz, Democrito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos, Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Thalia Velho Barreto de Araujo, Wayner Vieira De Souza, Luciana Caroline Albuquerque Bezerra, Rafael Dhalia, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Nuria Sanchez Clemente, Jayne Webster, Aisling Vaughan, Emily L. Webb, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes
Summary: The co-circulation of arthropod-borne viruses, including Zika and Chikungunya, is increasingly common. This study investigated the geographic and temporal distribution of these infections during pregnancy and found that clinical symptoms alone may not be sufficient for differentiating Zika and Chikungunya infections. Laboratory diagnostics remain important in these cases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Wojciech Pinkas, Mateusz Jankowski, Waldemar Wierzba
Summary: This study assessed the attitudes towards HPV vaccination among adults in Poland and found a low level of public awareness of HPV vaccination as a cancer prevention method.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Huiqian Lin, Haojie Hu
Summary: The study aims to deepen our understanding of the etiology of bilateral facial palsy (BFP). A case of BFP associated with HIV infection is reported, and the patient recovers completely after antiretroviral therapy. Results indicate that HIV infection often involves BFP, and the pathophysiology is related to the immune response to systemic transmission of the virus. In conclusion, excluding HIV infection in BFP patients is crucial for early diagnosis and management of HIV.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aleksi Hamalainen, Ellamaria Savinainen, Sari Hamalainen, Katariina Sivenius, Juha Kauppinen, Irma Koivula, Riitta-Liisa Patovirta
Summary: This study examined the number and severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among adult patients, comparing them with influenza patients. It found that RSV infection caused more serious illness with higher rates of hospitalization, pneumonia, antibiotic use, and need for supplemental oxygen. RSV-infected patients also had higher mortality rates.
