Mineral chemistry and petrogenesis of chromitites from the Khoy ophiolite complex, Northwestern Iran: Implications for aggregation of two ophiolites

The Khoy ophiolitic complex in Northwestern Iran is a part of the Tethyan ophiolite belt, and is divided into two sections: the Eastern ophiolite in Qeshlaq and Kalavanes (Jurassic-Cretaceous) and the Western ophiolite in Barajouk, Chuchak and Hessar (Late Cretaceous). Our chromitites can be clearly classified into two groups: high-Al chromitites (Cr#=0.38-0.44) from the Eastern ophiolite, and high-Cr chromitites (Cr#=0.54-0.72) from the Western ophiolite. The chromian spinels in high-Al chromitite include primary mineral inclusions mainly as Na-bearing diopside and pargasite with subordinate rutile and their formation was probably related to reaction between a MORB (mid-ocean-ridge basalt)-like melt with depleted harzburgite, possibly in a back-arc setting. Their host harzburgites contain clinopyroxene with higher contents of Al2O3, Na2O, Cr2O3, and TiO2 relative to Western harzburgites and are possibly residue after moderate partial melting (similar to 15 %) whereas the Western harzburgite is residue after high partial melting (similar to 25 %). The chromian spinel in the Western Khoy chromitites contains inclusions such as clinopyroxene, olivine and platinum group mineral-bearing sulfides. These Western chromitites were possibly formed at two stages during arc growth and are divided into the moderately high-Cr# chromitites (Barajouk and Hessar) and the high-Cr# chromitites (Chuchak A and C). The former crystallized from island-arc-tholeiite (IAT) melts during reaction with the host depleted harzburgites, whereas the latter crystallized from boninitic melts (second stage melt) during reaction with highly depleted harzburgite in a supra-subduction-zone environment. Based on the mineral chemistry of chromian spinels, pyroxenes, and mineral inclusions, the chromitites and the host peridotites from the Eastern and Western Khoy ophiolites were formed in a back-arc basin and arc-related setting, respectively. The Khoy ophiolitic complex is a tectonic aggregate of the two different ophiolites formed in two different tectonic settings at different ages.