Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cong Li, Wu Xiong, Bowen Wan, Guang Kong, Siming Wang, Yingying Wang, Jin Fan
Summary: Secondary spinal cord injury is caused by an irreversible inflammatory response cascade, and the immune system plays a crucial role in mediating inflammation. Investigating the mechanisms and functions of peripheral immune cells at the site of injury is significant for identifying clinical therapeutic targets.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yongjin Li, Baobao Wang, Wenzhi Sun, Chao Kong, Guowang Li, Xiaolong Chen, Shibao Lu
Summary: This study investigates the expression and regulatory patterns of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and mRNA in the subacute stage of spinal cord injury (SCI) through RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The findings contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jiansong Chen, Yiguo Shen, Xiaobo Shao, Weiliang Wu
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) and spinal cord tumor cause significant damage to the spinal cord, leading to multiple impairments and high morbidity and mortality. The treatment options for these conditions are limited and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the review, the role of inflammasomes in SCI and spinal cord tumors is highlighted, and targeting inflammasomes is suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ingrid Vargova, Lucia Machova Urdzikova, Kristyna Karova, Barbora Smejkalova, Tolga Sursal, Veronika Cimermanova, Karolina Turnovcova, Chirag D. Gandhi, Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal, Pavla Jendelova
Summary: The study found that partial neuroprotection and recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury can be achieved by inhibiting the mTOR pathway, with the second-generation inhibitor pp242 showing different effects compared to rapamycin (RAPA) in terms of inflammatory responses and autophagy.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yan Du, Xue Cai
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disease caused by external forces leading to bursting, shifting, or severe damage to the spinal cord, resulting in nerve injury. Pathological changes in SCI are complex and treatment strategies are scarce.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Vanesa A. Guazzone, Livia Lustig
Summary: The main functions of the testis, steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, depend on the endocrine axis and systemic and local tolerance mechanisms. Infectious or non-infectious diseases may disturb testicular immune regulation causing infertility. Little is known about the association between non-infectious testicular pathologic diseases and autoimmunity.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Yizhang Mo, Kebing Chen
Summary: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) functions both as a nonhistone nucleoprotein and an extracellular inflammatory cytokine. It is mainly located in the nucleus in the resting state and regulates key nuclear activities. After spinal cord injury, HMGB1 is expressed by neurons, microglia, and ependymal cells and released into the extracellular matrix and blood circulation, contributing to the pathophysiological process of spinal cord injury. HMGB1 can regulate microglia activation, exacerbate inflammation, and result in neuronal death. However, it has also been shown to benefit neuron survival, regeneration, and motor function recovery. This article reviews the timing of HMGB1 secretion and translocation, release mechanisms, and its role in spinal cord injury, and identifies challenges to be addressed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Simonetta Papa, Valeria Veneruso, Emanuele Mauri, Giada Cremonesi, Xhuljana Mingaj, Alessandro Mariani, Massimiliano De Paola, Arianna Rossetti, Alessandro Sacchetti, Filippo Rossi, Gianluigi Forloni, Pietro Veglianese
Summary: Astroglial cells have a unique reaction during spinal cord damage, and there is a need for treatment targeting activated astrocytes to ensure some preservative effect during progressive damage. Functionalized nanogel-based nanovectors have shown selectivity towards astrocytes and limited uptake by macrophages, with potential therapeutic efficacy.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Xuan-Qi Zheng, Jin-Feng Huang, Jia-Liang Lin, Ya-Xin Zhu, Min-Qi Wang, Mei-Liang Guo, Xing-Jie Zan, Ai-Min Wu
Summary: The injectable PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermos-sensitive hydrogel containing Baricitinib (Bari-P hydrogel) reduced neuronal apoptosis and promoted functional recovery in spinal cord injured rats. By inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 pathway and controlling the expression of inflammatory cytokines, the Bari-P hydrogel showed therapeutic potential.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Xu Gao, Zhifeng You, Yue Li, Xinyi Kang, Wen Yang, Huiru Wang, Ting Zhang, Xinhao Zhao, Yifu Sun, He Shen, Jianwu Dai
Summary: In this study, a functional hybrid gelatin and hyaluronic acid hydrogel (F-G/H) modified with cationic polymers and anti-inflammatory cytokines was developed to regulate the immune microenvironment after aSCT implantation. The hydrogel exhibited DAMP scavenging capacity, sustained release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reduced lymphocyte accumulation, thereby enhancing the survival and function of aSCTs. When combined with systemic immunosuppressive drug treatment, a significant improvement in locomotor functions of SCI rats was observed after aSCTs and F-G/H transplantation.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Artur Shvetcov, Marc J. Ruitenberg, Fabien Delerue, Wendy A. Gold, David A. Brown, Caitlin A. Finney
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) refers to the damage of the spinal cord caused by either trauma or disease. SCI is characterized by various injury phases that affect the transmission of sensory and motor signals, resulting in temporary or long-term functional deficits. Estrogens and estrogenic compounds have been shown to effectively alleviate the effects of SCI, making them potential treatment options.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Huaguo Tang, Yuanjie Gu, Lei Jiang, Gang Zheng, Zhuoer Pan, Xiugui Jiang
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition worldwide. The immune response plays a crucial role in tissue regeneration and functional recovery from SCI. New biological technologies have allowed for more precise classification of the heterogeneity of immune components. This review focuses on the roles of various immune cells and chemicals in SCI and summarizes clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies and promising therapeutic drugs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jianfeng Li, Xizhe Liu, Jianmin Wang, Fuan Wang, Zhengya Zhu, Tao Tang, Jun Wang, Zhiyu Zhou, Manman Gao, Shaoyu Liu
Summary: Blood immune changes after spinal cord injury (SCI) have important implications for diagnosis and treatment of SCI. In this study, a human blood transcriptome dataset was analyzed to identify immune-related genes and biomarkers of SCI and its different grades. The results revealed alterations in immune cell contents, signaling pathways, and identified specific biomarkers for SCI. The correlation analysis between immune cells and biomarkers provided insights into the severity of SCI. These findings contribute to predicting and understanding SCI progression and treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Margherita Sisto, Sabrina Lisi
Summary: Fibrosis, which can develop spontaneously or as a result of underlying diseases, is characterized by immune cells infiltration and the production of pro-inflammatory molecules. Defects in the abilities of non-immune cells to regulate immune responses may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, the precise cellular mechanisms involved in this process have not been fully elucidated.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Yuanzhe Ding, Di Zhang, Sheng Wang, Xiaolei Zhang, Jingquan Yang
Summary: Spinal cord injury is a devastating disease causing loss of sensory and motor functions, with a pathological process involving mechanical primary injury and secondary injury. Macrophages play a crucial role in the pathology of SCI, and can be divided into different types. Hematogenous macrophages may have various roles in SCI but their specific function remains controversial.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
