Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanhao Dong, Hongbing Yang, Lin Zhang, Xingyu Li, Dong Ding, Xiaohui Wang, Ju Li, Jiangong Li, I-Wei Chen
Summary: A two-step sintering route has been successfully used to achieve uniform grain-size distribution in nanocrystalline materials, surpassing theoretical predictions. This breakthrough provides valuable insights for advancements in materials science.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lin Zhang, Xingyu Li, Xuanhui Qu, Mingli Qin, Zhongyou Que, Zichen Wei, Chenguang Guo, Xin Lu, Yanhao Dong
Summary: Ultrafine-grained (UFG) refractory metals are promising materials for various applications, but achieving full density while maintaining a fine microstructure through sintering remains challenging. This article provides an overview of sintering issues, microstructural design rules, and powder metallurgy practices for UFG and nanocrystalline refractory metals. It also reviews previous efforts, including the use of fine/nanopowders and field-assisted sintering techniques, and highlights the recent technological breakthrough of pressureless two-step sintering for producing dense UFG refractory metals. Additionally, the progress of powder metallurgy in specific materials systems, such as elementary metals and refractory alloys, is discussed, and future developments towards UFG and nanocrystalline refractory metals with improved properties are outlined.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xingyu Li, Lin Zhang, Yanhao Dong, Mingli Qin, Zichen Wei, Zhongyou Que, Junjun Yang, Xuanhui Qu, Ju Li
Summary: Optimized pressureless two-step sintering successfully produced tungsten samples with high density and nanometer-sized grains, showing potential for transferring lessons to pressureless sintering of other refractory metals and alloys.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuaihao Zhang, Qiqi Zhu, Qiunan Li, Wei Ji, Weimin Wang, Zhengyi Fu
Summary: In this study, highly dense and ultrafine-grained tungsten alloy was successfully fabricated at a low temperature and high pressure using spark plasma sintering method.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hongbin Zhang, Jiawen Sun, Kang Chen, Haiping Zhou, Jianbo Jia, Zequn Wang, Yue Lu, Kuidong Gao, Wenhao Ma
Summary: The microstructure evolution and thermal stability of nanocrystalline AZ31-2.5 wt%VP magnesium matrix composites were investigated. The findings revealed that the composite maintained a nanocrystalline scale even after annealing at high temperatures, indicating excellent thermal stability. The uniformly distributed V particles in the magnesium matrix effectively inhibited grain growth and no new phases were formed. The hardness of the composite remained high even after annealing treatment.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhongyou Que, Zichen Wei, Xingyu Li, Lin Zhang, Yanhao Dong, Mingli Qin, Junjun Yang, Xuanhui Qu, Ju Li
Summary: In this study, the challenge of sintering ultrafine-grained refractory metals and alloys to full density was addressed using pressureless two-step sintering in tungsten-rhenium alloy and pure molybdenum. The results showed that properly processed nano powders enabled high-density sintering while maintaining fine grain sizes, leading to better microstructural uniformity and improved mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. J. Fudger, T. L. Luckenbaugh, B. C. Hornbuckle, K. A. Darling
Summary: Cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) is widely used due to its extreme hardness and high modulus, making it suitable for various commercial applications. However, the cobalt (Co) binder in WC-Co is considered a strategic material and may be carcinogenic. As an alternative, nanostructured FeNiZr is being evaluated as a binder replacement. Initial experiments have shown that WC-FeNiZr samples exhibit exceptional hardness and toughness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
W. Streit Cunningham, Yang Zhang, Spencer L. Thomas, Osman El-Atwani, Yongqiang Wang, Jason R. Trelewicz
Summary: Formation of helium cavities in coarse-grained materials leads to hardening, while preferential cavity formation in grain boundaries in nanostructured metals causes softening. This study uses ultrafine-grained tungsten to investigate the effect of cavity evolution on mechanical response. Softening is observed at high implantation temperatures but low fluence, accompanied by cavity coalescence and reduction in hardness. Atomistic simulations reveal that softening is driven by stress concentrations and cooperative deformation processes in grain boundaries.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bukola Joseph Babalola, Olusoji Oluremi Ayodele, Peter Apata Olubambi
Summary: Nanostructured materials (NsM) are materials with structural length scales in the range of 1-100 nm. They exhibit superior properties compared to conventional coarse-structured materials. Investigations on the processing-structure-property correlations have been conducted to understand their complications and develop novel materials.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
John L. Johnson
Summary: In this study, different sintering methods were applied to W and W-La2O3 powders with varying particle sizes to investigate the effects of current and pressure on densification and grain size. The effectiveness of finer particle sizes, current application, and combined application of current and pressure for achieving high sintered densities was assessed and compared to model predictions. Additionally, the impact of transition metal additions, pressure application, and electromagnetic radiation on sintering and grain size refinement of tungsten was evaluated using the same model.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jacob Hohl, Pankaj Kumar, Mano Misra, Pradeep Menezes, Leslie T. Mushongera
Summary: Nanocrystalline metals can be stabilized by introducing preferential dopants to enhance the stability of the material's microstructure. Magnesium, lanthanum, and silicon are identified as effective dopant elements capable of promoting thermodynamic stability in aluminum's nanocrystalline regime.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Edwin Gevorkyan, Miroslaw Rucki, Zbigniew Krzysiak, Volodymyr Chishkala, Wojciech Zurowski, Wojciech Kucharczyk, Voskan Barsamyan, Volodymyr Nerubatskyi, Tomasz Mazur, Dmitrij Morozow, Zbigniew Siemiatkowski, Jacek Caban
Summary: The preparation of alumina-tungsten carbide nanocomposite was studied, where appropriate heating rates and pressure at different stages were found to be crucial in obtaining a structure with submicron grains. Additionally, a mixture of 50 wt.% Al2O3 and WC was discovered to provide the highest fracture toughness, while sintering temperature above 1600℃ was found to be disadvantageous.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zaoming Wu, Qiang Li, Xiaofeng Yang, Xiaoqiu Ye, Jipeng Zhu, Jiliang Wu
Summary: W-2.5 wt% Y (WY) and W-2 wt% TaC-2.5 wt% Y (WTY) alloys with nanoscale grain sizes were successfully prepared by resistance sintering under ultrahigh pressure. The high Vickers hardness of these alloys was attributed to the inhibition of grain growth and the mechanisms of their ultrahigh hardness were revealed. Deuterium plasma irradiation experiments on nanocrystalline WY illustrated the effects of grain boundaries on the irradiation behaviors. This study provides experimental basis and theoretical guidance for the design and development of high-performance nanocrystalline W-based alloys.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Ehsan Ghasali, Asghar Shahmorad, Yasin Orooji, Arash Faraji, Keivan Asadian, Masoud Alizadeh, Touradj Ebadzadeh
Summary: WC-Co cermets containing Ti and V metallic powders were prepared using ultra-fast microwave heating process, followed by high-energy mixer mill mixing. Fast microwave sintering process at temperatures of 1400, 1500, and 1600°C resulted in dense samples with improved properties, showing WC, TiC, and VC crystalline phases. Increased sintering temperature led to enhanced bending strength, hardness, and fracture toughness in WC-Co-Ti hard metal.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jianfeng Hu, Junzhan Zhang, Xianhao Wang, Jun Luo, Zhijun Zhang, Zhijian Shen
Summary: The study reveals that abnormal and stagnant behaviors of grain growth may intrinsically occur in polycrystalline systems, and provides accurate guidance for microstructural design in polycrystalline materials through a new grain growth theory.
JOURNAL OF MATERIOMICS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
T. Shimizu, A. D. Abid, G. Poskrebyshev, H. Wang, J. Nabity, J. Engel, J. Yu, D. Wickham, B. Van Devener, S. L. Anderson, S. Williams
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2010)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Brian Van Devener, Jesus Paulo L. Perez, Joseph Jankovich, Scott L. Anderson
Article
Physics, Applied
Brian J. Simonds, Vasilios Palekis, Brian Van Devener, Christos Ferekides, Michael A. Scarpulla
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2014)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Brian Van Devener, Jesus Paulo L. Perez, Scott L. Anderson
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
(2009)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
B. Van Devener, S. L. Anderson, T. Shimizu, H. Wang, J. Nabity, J. Engel, J. Yu, D. Wickham, S. Williams
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2009)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ying Zhang, Zhigang Zak Fang, Lei Xu, Pei Sun, Brian Van Devener, Shili Zheng, Yang Xia, Ping Li, Yang Zhang
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2018)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Terry A. Ring, Byung Sang Choi, J. Paulo Perez, Brian Van Devener, Randy C. Polson, Douglas Crawford, Dennis Keiser, Daniel Wachs
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yueming Wang, Brian Van Devener, Xiaolong Li, Jost O. L. Wendt
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sudhajit Misra, Jeffery A. Aguiar, Yubo Sun, Brian van Devener, Vasilios Palekis, Christos S. Ferekides, Heayoung P. Yoon, Peter Bermel, Michael A. Scarpulla
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2019)
Article
Geology
A. K. Ault, J. L. Jensen, R. G. McDermott, F. -A. Shen, B. R. Van Devener
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sayed Abu Sufyan, Brian van Devener, Michael M. Nigra
Summary: By using gold nanoparticles with bis(diphenylphosphine) ligands, the accessibility and catalytic activity can be enhanced, providing new possibilities for catalysis and sensing applications.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ying Zhang, Zhigang Zak Fang, Yang Xia, Pei Sun, Brian Van Devener, Michael Free, Hyrum Lefler, Shili Zheng
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2017)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Brian Van Devener, Scott L. Anderson
Article
Chemistry, Physical
JB Liu, B Van Devener, SL Anderson
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2005)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ziyan Zhao, Kaiyue Zheng, Xianghui Yu, Qian Qi, Lujie Wang, Yan Liu
Summary: In-situ TiC/Ni composites with Ta element were fabricated by reactive sintering. It was found that Ta element could reduce the oxidation rate and decrease the content of TiO2 and NiTiO3 in the oxide scale, thereby optimizing the oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of the composites.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kai Wang, Mingyuan Ma, Yingchun Diao, Qijun Huang, Xiangkui Zhou, Guojian Li, Qiang Wang
Summary: The relationship between the V(C, N) content and the thickness of the gradient layer in nanocrystalline cemented carbides was investigated. The introduction of V(C, N) was found to enhance the mechanical properties of these materials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Claudio Bertalan, Steven Moseley, Leonel Pereira, Ralph Useldinger
Summary: The influence of sintering temperature, dwelling time at maximum temperature and carbon content on the microstructure and mechanical and magnetic properties of WC-6%Co hardmetal was investigated. Results showed that to maximize hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS), sintering should be performed at a low temperature (< 1400°C) and with a dwelling time of at least 75 minutes. This is particularly important for low carbon parts to ensure the necessary microstructure homogeneity required for high TRS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Longlong Sun, Hang Li, Ningxin Wei, Jianliang Li, Jiewen Huang, Jian Kong, Qiujie Wu, Yan Shi, Dangsheng Xiong
Summary: By regulating the microstructure of TaBx films deposited by magnetron sputtering, the hardness and wear resistance of the films can be improved. With the increase of the bias voltage, the B content decreases and the crystallinity is enhanced. The microstructure of the films transforms from fibrous to dense columnar and then to granular structure. At a bias voltage of -180 V, the films exhibit super high hardness and relatively moderate fracture toughness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liang Xia, Kai Liu, Yucheng Cao, Chao Jiang
Summary: This study investigates the microstructure information and mechanical behavior of ion-irradiated zirconium alloys through experimental measurements and theoretical analysis. Experimental procedures involve Au3+ irradiation of specific alloys, and transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals the formation of precipitates and their transformation after ion-irradiation. Macroscopic mechanical properties are characterized by nano-indentation tests, revealing significant indentation size effect and irradiation hardening behavior. A mechanistic model is developed to explain the depth-dependent hardness observed in ion-irradiated zirconium alloys.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiangtao Zhang, Guoqin Huang, Yangli Xu, Jianyu Wang, Guangyao Han, Yuanqiang Tan
Summary: Selective laser melting (SLM) provides a novel method for the integrated production of structural and functional metal-matrix diamond composites in the field of diamond tools. In this study, a discrete element method model is developed to simulate the spreading process of diamond/CuSn composite powders. The findings reveal that adjusting the physical properties of diamond particles and process parameters can improve the powder bed quality and particle dynamics, leading to better performance of diamond tools.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Roman Gabor, Ladislav Cvrcek, Karel Masek, Josef Hlinka, Oldrich Motyka, Jan Walter, Grazyna Simha Martynkova, Gabriela Mikeskova, Jana Seidlerova
Summary: This study investigated the surface modification of β-Ti39Nb alloy using micro-arc oxidation technique, and examined the relationships between surface chemical composition, morphology, and tribological and corrosion properties. The results showed that the technique improved the wear resistance of the alloy, and the particle analysis confirmed the correlation between particle composition and tribological parameters.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Benedetto Bozzini, Matteo Amati, Luca Gregoratti, Majid Kazemian, Francesco Tavola, Sandra Tedeschi, Gian Pietro De Gaudenzi
Summary: In this study, the composition and chemical state of the surface of hardmetal subjected to controlled electrochemical corrosion were analyzed using synchrotron-based scanning photoelectron microscopy and photoelectron microspectroscopy. The results showed that corrosion under different conditions led to surface enrichment and leaching of different chemical elements and species.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
B. Roebuck, M. G. Gee, K. P. Mingard, H. G. Jones, H. Zhang, V. Tong
Summary: Metrology provides scientific support for the practical use of testing standards and helps establish a common language for different users regarding material capabilities. The hardmetal industry already has numerous international standards, but there is still room for improvement in certain testing strategies. The Materials Group at the National Physical Laboratory in the UK focuses on metrology and has highlighted specific metrological issues that need further attention. These include high hardness measurements, dislocation analysis, micro-tribology, nanoindentation, and structural characterization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Suyeon Kim, Taehyun Kwon, Seulgi Kim, Sung Ho Song, Dongju Lee
Summary: This study examines the effect of two different methods, oxide reduction and mechanical alloying, on the sintering behavior and microstructure of molybdenum-tungsten sintered compacts. The sintered compacts produced with oxide-reduced nanopowders exhibit higher density, purity, and a finer microstructure, making them more suitable for sputtering targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. M. Ferro Rocha, A. M. Santos, R. Mineiro, P. Pereira, J. Sacramento, A. M. R. Senos, A. C. Bastos
Summary: This study compares the corrosion resistance of different hardmetal composites and their binders in a corrosive environment. Through electrochemical testing methods, the corrosion behavior of these materials was studied, and the influence of the binder's electrochemical behavior on the corrosion resistance of hardmetal was explored.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bo Li, Yong Zheng, Wangwang Wang, Hao Wu, Yufan Li, Jin Lv
Summary: The effects of various Cr doping amounts on the microstructure and properties of Mo2FeB2-based cermets were investigated using EDS, SEM, and TEM. The results showed that moderate Cr doping enhanced the system's wettability, fracture toughness, and transverse rupture strength, while excessive Cr addition decreased mechanical properties. The solid-solution of Cr in the hard phase had the most pronounced effect on the mechanical properties of the cermets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Min Lian, Fei Wang, Kaixuan Rong, Xiaoci Ma, Hetian Liu, Xinmiao Gai, Yufei Ge, Shushan Dong, Qiang Tao, Pinwen Zhu
Summary: This study successfully optimized the toughness of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) by adjusting the intergranular fracture (IF) and transgranular fracture (TF) modes. The results showed that a mixture of the IF and TF modes resulted in higher hardness and toughness in PCD compared to a single fracture mode. The toughness of the PCD was approximately three times that of single-crystal diamonds and comparable to that of pure nanotwinned diamonds. The mixed modes introduced toughening mechanisms such as high frequency large crack deflection, crack bridging, pull-out, and crack branching, which increased the toughness of the PCD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ruifang Wang, Xiang Zhan, Yongqiang Chen, Chao Zhang, Yusi Che, Jilin He
Summary: The particle size and morphology of tungsten powders play a crucial role in determining the processing properties of tungsten products. This study investigated the effects of water vapor partial pressure on the hydrogen reduction of tungsten oxides, and proposed a method of changing the particle size of tungsten powders using bottom blowing hydrogen. The experimental results showed that bottom-blowing hydrogen could improve the uniformity of tungsten powders in a crucible by eliminating discrepancies in water vapor partial pressure. The partial pressure of water vapor increased with the temperature of the water bath, leading to an increase in the average particle size of tungsten powders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Oladapo Eso, Xu Wang, Samuel Wolf, Travis Puzz
Summary: In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend in incorporating alloying additives into WC-Co hardmetals for property enhancement. This paper establishes correlations between properties and microstructure of binder modified WC-Co compositions, and explains the observed property correlations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)