Effects of Buprenorphine on Responses to Emotional Stimuli in Individuals with a Range of Mood Symptomatology

Background: The opioid drug buprenorphine has been shown to modify responses to emotional stimuli and may have antidepressant properties. In preclinical studies, it shows antidepressant- like and anxiolytic-like effects, and a handful of clinical studies suggest it may reduce symptoms of depression in patients. We have shown that low doses of buprenorphine reduce responses to negative emotional stimuli in healthy adults. Here we extended these findings to individuals with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: We examined the effects of buprenorphine on attention to emotional facial expressions and ratings of and psychophysiological responses to emotional images in adults with a range of mood symptomatology. Volunteers (n = 38) were recruited with low, mild, moderate, and severe scores on the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. They attended 2 laboratory sessions during which they received either placebo or 0.2 mg sublingual buprenorphine in randomized order under doubleblind conditions. During peak drug effect, participants completed a visual attention task assessing responses to emotional faces and a picture-rating task assessing responses to emotional images with and without social content. Results: Buprenorphine reduced attention to fearful facial expressions as it did in our previous study, and the emotion-specific effect was especially pronounced in individuals with high Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale scores. The drug also increased ratings of positivity of images with social content, but this effect was less strong in individuals with higher Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale scores. Conclusions: These results suggest low doses of buprenorphine may reduce some dimensions of responses to negative emotional stimuli in individuals high on depression or anxiety, while leaving other dimensions unaffected.