Article
Pediatrics
Elisa Barbieri, Sara Cavagnis, Antonio Scamarcia, Luigi Cantarutti, Lorenzo Bertizzolo, Mathieu Bangert, Salvatore Parisi, Anna Cantarutti, Eugenio Baraldi, Carlo Giaquinto, Vincenzo Baldo
Summary: This retrospective analysis of a comprehensive pediatric primary care database in Italy confirms that all children aged ≤24 months are at risk of bronchiolitis and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) during the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season, regardless of the month of birth, gestational age, or underlying health conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Dvir Gatt, Isaac Martin, Rawan AlFouzan, Theo J. J. Moraes
Summary: RSV is a common cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease, particularly in young children, but there is currently no approved vaccine for prevention. In the past two decades, significant advancements have been made in understanding RSV's pathogenesis and immunopathology, leading to the development of potential vaccines and successful implementation of passive immunization. This review provides an update on current treatment options for acute RSV disease and different therapeutic approaches for RSV prevention.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Alasdair P. S. Munro, Federico Martinon-Torres, Simon B. Drysdale, Saul N. Faust
Summary: This review discusses the current global burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants and its implications for morbidity, health resources, and economic costs. It highlights the development of new prophylactic therapies, such as long-acting monoclonal antibodies, that could protect healthy infants and has the potential to alleviate the burden on healthcare systems.
CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Styliani Pappa, Katerina Haidopoulou, Charalampos Zarras, Eleni Theodorakou, Eleni Papadimitriou, Elias Iosifidis, Ioanna Gkeka, Konstantina Stoikou, Eleni Vagdatli, Lemonia Skoura, Anna Papa
Summary: An unexpected surge of RSV infections among children was observed in Greece, with RSV-A being the predominant subtype. This may be attributed to the lack of immunity among children and mothers due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Awareness and molecular epidemiology are crucial for diagnosing and monitoring RSV infections.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Thijs A. Lilien, Misa Gunjak, Despoina Myti, Francisco Casado, Job B. M. van Woensel, Rory E. Morty, Reinout A. Bem
Summary: Exposure to hyperoxia during viral lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood may aggravate subsequent long-term pulmonary dysfunction, which is not associated with developmental changes to the airway or lung structure.
Article
Microbiology
Jasna Rodman Berlot, Uros Krivec, Tatjana Mrvic, Rok Kogoj, Darja Kese
Summary: This study found that in children, infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1-2 genotype may lead to more severe lower respiratory tract infections. Children infected with P1-2 had higher baseline C-reactive protein levels and were more likely to be hospitalized compared to P1-1 infected children. The P1 genotype could potentially be used as a predictor for the severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae lower respiratory tract infections.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandro Rocca, Carlotta Biagi, Sara Scarpini, Arianna Dondi, Silvia Vandini, Luca Pierantoni, Marcello Lanari
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children worldwide, and while only symptomatic treatment is available, passive immune prevention methods are being developed for all infants. The high cost of passive immunoprophylaxis limits its prescription to high-risk children, though most hospitalized RSV-infected children do not fully meet the criteria for immune prophylaxis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Xiangpeng Chen, Yun Zhu, Wei Wang, Changchong Li, Shuhua An, Gen Lu, Rong Jin, Baoping Xu, Yunlian Zhou, Aihuan Chen, Lei Li, Meng Zhang, Zhengde Xie
Summary: During 2015-2019, ON1 and BA9 were the predominant genotypes of RSV in China. The G gene of these genotypes showed relatively high diversity and continued evolution.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mohammad Hussain Alqahtani, Mohammad Faraj Alqahtani, Mohammed Asiri, Saad Alghamdi, Ziyad Alshagawi, Saleh Alzahrani
Summary: The study aims to determine the clinical presentation, past medical history, hospitalization course, and prognosis in children below two years of age who have been hospitalized in the past five years. The results show a significant increase in the length of ICU and ventilator use among females compared to males. Furthermore, infants younger than 12 months account for the majority of ICU admissions.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Xavier Carbonell-Estrany, Barry S. Rodgers-Gray, Bosco Paes
Summary: The review highlighted the importance of more and better-quality data on RSV epidemiology in low- and middle-income countries, as well as the need for a standardized clinical definition of RSV lower respiratory tract infection. The experts believe that a coordinated effort involving governments, NGOs, WHO, manufacturers, and healthcare professionals is necessary to fully leverage the potential of vaccines and address the burden of RSV in LMICs.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maria J. Gutierrez, Gustavo Nino, Jeremy S. Landeo-Gutierrez, Miriam R. Weiss, Diego A. Preciado, Xiumei Hong, Xiaobin Wang
Summary: The study found that early life lower respiratory tract infections independently increase the risk of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, especially those that occur during the first two years of life. Children with severe lower respiratory tract infections in early life have a significantly higher risk of developing OSA during the first 5 years of life.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maria J. Gutierrez, Gustavo Nino, Jeremy S. Landeo-Gutierrez, Miriam R. Weiss, Diego A. Preciado, Xiumei Hong, Xiaobin Wang
Summary: The study suggests that early lower respiratory tract infections in children increase the risk of obstructive sleep apnea independently, especially when occurring in the first 2 years of life. Additionally, severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis during infancy may also contribute to a higher risk of developing OSA in children by the age of 5 years.
Article
Virology
David Torres-Fernandez, Aina Casellas, Maria Jose Mellado, Cristina Calvo, Quique Bassat
Summary: In 2020, there was a significant decrease in Pediatric emergency department visits, near disappearance of RSV cases, and a dramatic reduction of bronchiolitis admissions in Spanish hospitals compared to the preceding four years. The reopening of schools and kindergarten did not lead to a remarkable increase in RSV cases or bronchiolitis hospitalizations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Joanne M. Langley, Veronique Bianco, Joseph B. Domachowske, Shabir A. Madhi, Sonia K. Stoszek, Khalequ Zaman, Agustin Bueso, Ana Ceballos, Luis Cousin, Ulises D'Andrea, Ilse Dieussaert, Janet A. Englund, Sanjay Gandhi, Olivier Gruselle, Gerco Haars, Lisa Jose, Nicola P. Klein, Amanda Leach, Koen Maleux, Thi Lien-Anh Nguyen, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Peter Silas, Auchara Tangsathapornpong, Jamaree Teeratakulpisarn, Timo Vesikari, Rachel A. Cohen
Summary: This study showed that the burden of RSV-LRTI is substantial in children aged 0-2 years, with higher rates among infants aged 0-5 months and in lower-income settings.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Karoliina Koivisto, Tea Nieminen, Asuncion Mejias, Cristina Capella Gonzalez, Fang Ye, Sara Mertz, Mark Peeples, Octavio Ramilo, Harri Saxen
Summary: Maternal pre-F antibodies are essential for providing immune protection to infants against RSV bronchiolitis.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Marianna Fabi, Margherita Calicchia, Angela Miniaci, Anna Balducci, Elena Tronconi, Simone Bonetti, Ilaria Frabboni, Carlotta Biagi, Gabriele Bronzetti, Andrea Pession, Andrea Donti, Marcello Lanari
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2019)
Review
Pediatrics
Francesco Fugetto, Emanuele Filice, Carlotta Biagi, Luca Pierantoni, Davide Gori, Marcello Lanari
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2020)
Review
Microbiology
Carlotta Biagi, Alessandro Rocca, Giulia Poletti, Marianna Fabi, Marcello Lanari
Letter
Allergy
Arianna Dondi, Ambra Di Altobrando, Roberta Parladori, Carlotta Biagi, Annalisa Patrizi, Marcello Lanari, Iria Neri
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandro Rocca, Carlotta Biagi, Sara Scarpini, Arianna Dondi, Silvia Vandini, Luca Pierantoni, Marcello Lanari
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children worldwide, and while only symptomatic treatment is available, passive immune prevention methods are being developed for all infants. The high cost of passive immunoprophylaxis limits its prescription to high-risk children, though most hospitalized RSV-infected children do not fully meet the criteria for immune prophylaxis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Virology
Giovanni Battista Biserni, Sara Scarpini, Arianna Dondi, Carlotta Biagi, Luca Pierantoni, Riccardo Masetti, Sugitha Sureshkumar, Alessandro Rocca, Marcello Lanari
Summary: HAdV infections can lead to strong inflammatory responses and high morbidity. Diagnostic tools include rapid antigen detection kits and rapid molecular diagnosis, but costs and feasibility limit their use in hospitals. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether markers based on host response can help in early identification of HAdV and prevent inappropriate antibiotic use.
Review
Immunology
Sara Scarpini, Francesca Morigi, Ludovica Betti, Arianna Dondi, Carlotta Biagi, Marcello Lanari
Summary: hCMV is a common cause of congenital infection, leading to potential permanent impairment and severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. Research on hCMV vaccines is ongoing, but challenges in development include the virus's ability to evade immune response and identifying target populations for vaccination.
Article
Pediatrics
Luca Pierantoni, Laura Andreozzi, Simone Ambretti, Arianna Dondi, Carlotta Biagi, Francesco Baccelli, Marcello Lanari
Summary: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children, with Escherichia coli being the main pathogen. While Italian guidelines recommend amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) as a first-line therapy for febrile UTIs in children, a study in northern Italy found an increasing resistance rate of E. coli to AMC over a three-year period. This calls into question the use of AMC as the first-line therapy for pediatric UTIs in this population.
Article
Pediatrics
Giacomo Stera, Luca Pierantoni, Riccardo Masetti, Davide Leardini, Carlotta Biagi, Danilo Buonsenso, Andrea Pession, Marcello Lanari
Summary: The study found a significant decrease in hospitalizations for bronchiolitis at the center throughout the entire SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, rather than just during lockdown periods. This suggests a crucial role for cost-effective non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as mandatory face masks and hand hygiene measures in reducing the spread of infectious agents during the pandemic.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Luca Pierantoni, Arianna Dondi, Carlotta Biagi, Andrea Scozzarella, Federica Camela, MArcello Lanari
Summary: High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) is a noninvasive technique increasingly used in pediatric wards for respiratory support. However, patients undergoing HFNC should be strictly monitored to promptly recognize and treat complications such as pneumomediastinum.
EMERGENCY CARE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Virology
Marianna Fabi, Emanuele Filice, Carlotta Biagi, Laura Andreozzi, Daniela Palleri, Bianca Elisa Mattesini, Alessia Rizzello, Liliana Gabrielli, Chiara Ghizzi, Daniela Di Luca, Fabio Caramelli, Alessandro De Fanti, Marcello Lanari
Summary: This study investigated children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and Kawasaki Disease (KD), revealing that MIS-C patients exhibit more severe cardiac injury at disease onset and a faster response to immunomodulatory treatment, while some KD patients still have persistent cardiac anomalies after treatment.
Article
Microbiology
Carlotta Biagi, Sara Scarpini, Camilla Paleari, Marianna Fabi, Arianna Dondi, Liliana Gabrielli, Monia Gennari, Marcello Lanari, Luca Pierantoni
Summary: By comparing the management of bronchiolitis in infants over the past ten years in a Tertiary Care Center in Italy, it was found that adherence to national guidelines has improved in terms of reducing prescriptions for systemic corticosteroids, nebulized epinephrine, antibiotics, and chest X-rays. However, further efforts are needed to limit the use of ineffective therapies like antibiotics and inhaled salbutamol.
Article
Microbiology
Carlotta Biagi, Alessandra Cavallo, Alessandro Rocca, Luca Pierantoni, Davide Antonazzo, Arianna Dondi, Liliana Gabrielli, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Marcello Lanari
Summary: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory infections in school-aged children, and can also lead to extrapulmonary manifestations. This study conducted a retrospective analysis of MP-positive pediatric patients admitted to a hospital in Northern Italy, revealing a high incidence of MP infection among hospitalized children and varied clinical presentations across different age groups, including extrapulmonary symptoms.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura Gori, Antonella Amendolea, Danilo Buonsenso, Stefano Salvadori, Maria Chiara Supino, Anna Maria Musolino, Paolo Adamoli, Alfina Domenica Coco, Gian Luca Trobia, Carlotta Biagi, Marco Lucherini, Alberto Leonardi, Giuseppe Limoli, Matteo Giampietri, Tiziana Virginia Sciacca, Rosa Morello, Francesco Tursi, Gino Soldati
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate a qualitative and quantitative lung ultrasound (LUS) protocol for the diagnosis and follow-up of bronchiolitis. The results showed that LUS can help assess the severity of bronchiolitis and provide information on changes in lung aeration during follow-up.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Carlotta Biagi, Arianna Dondi, Sara Scarpini, Alessandro Rocca, Silvia Vandini, Giulia Poletti, Marcello Lanari
