Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 18, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112274
Keywords
Auxin; PIN proteins; plasma membrane protein sorting; protein mobility; intracellular distribution; root phenotype; Arabidopsis; protein modeling; SRRF
Funding
- FWF (Austrian Science Fund) [P25931]
- Czech Science Foundation [P305/11/0797]
- MEYS CR [LO1417]
- EU Operational Program Prague-Competitiveness [CZ.2.16/3.1.00/21519]
- European Regional Development Fund-Project CERIT Scientific Cloud [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001802]
- Post-Doctoral Fellowship PPLZ from the Czech Academy of Sciences
- Docfforte fellowship from the Austrian Academy of Sciences
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P25931] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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Coordination of plant development requires modulation of growth responses that are under control of the phytohormone auxin. PIN-FORMED plasma membrane proteins, involved in intercellular transport of the growth regulator, are key to the transmission of such auxin signals and subject to multilevel surveillance mechanisms, including reversible post-translational modifications. Apart from well-studied PIN protein modifications, namely phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, no further post-translational modifications have been described so far. Here, we focused on root-specific Arabidopsis PIN2 and explored functional implications of two evolutionary conserved cysteines, by a combination of in silico and molecular approaches. PIN2 sequence alignments and modeling predictions indicated that both cysteines are facing the cytoplasm and therefore would be accessible to redox status-controlled modifications. Notably, mutant pin2(C-A) alleles retained functionality, demonstrated by their ability to almost completely rescue defects of a pin2 null allele, whereas high resolution analysis of pin2(C-A) localization revealed increased intracellular accumulation, and altered protein distribution within plasma membrane micro-domains. The observed effects of cysteine replacements on root growth and PIN2 localization are consistent with a model in which redox status-dependent cysteine modifications participate in the regulation of PIN2 mobility, thereby fine-tuning polar auxin transport.
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