Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiumin Yu, Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Weibo Shi, Zezhou Guo, Zhe Li, Yaodong Du, Zhaohui Jin, Decheng Li, Tianqi Wang, Yinan Li
Summary: Ethanol has shown to have significant benefits in improving engine performance and emissions, while EGR can effectively reduce emissions. Combining EGR with EDI and GPI can enhance engine power performance, improve fuel economy, and lower gaseous emissions.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Xiumin Yu, Zezhou Guo, Ming Li, Tianqi Wang
Summary: This study found through experimental research that adding HHO and EGR can effectively improve the combustion and emission characteristics of gasoline engines, especially under lean-burn conditions. Meanwhile, the optimal combination is an HHO flux of 16L/min and an EGR rate of 6% to 12%.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhe Zhao, Xiumin Yu, Yan Huang, Weibo Shi, Zezhou Guo, Zhe Li, Yaodong Du, Zhaohui Jin, Decheng Li, Tianqi Wang, Yinan Li
Summary: This study shows that the cooperation of EGR and EDI can improve the performance of spark ignition engines and reduce emissions. Under lean burn conditions, specific ratios of EGR and EDI can significantly improve the combustion and emission characteristics of the engine. Ethanol has a higher oxygen content and faster laminar flame speed, while EGR can reduce pumping and throttling losses and enhance the positive effects of ethanol on combustion and emissions.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qi Liu, Tao Guo, Jianqin Fu, Hongliang Dai, Jingping Liu
Summary: Injection pressure has significant effect on emissions, while injection timing influences maximum combustion pressure, and a lower EGR rate of 7% reduces NOx emissions significantly, improving overall ACE performance.
Review
Energy & Fuels
S. T. P. Purayil, Mohammad O. Hamdan, S. A. B. Al-Omari, M. Y. E. Selim, E. Elnajjar
Summary: Rapid depletion of conventional fossil fuels and increasing environmental concern have led to an urgent need for research on finding an alternative fuel with minimal environmental impacts. Hydrogen is considered as an important fuel for the future, as it addresses the aforementioned pressing issues. This review critically analyzes the combustion performance, emission, and cyclic variation characteristics of a hydrogen-gasoline dual fuel engine. According to scientific literature, hydrogen-gasoline dual fuel engines exhibit good thermal efficiency at low and partial loads, but their performance deteriorates at high loads.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhen Fu, Yuhuai Li, Hong Chen, Jiakun Du, Yong Li, Wenzhi Gao
Summary: The study shows that blending hydrogen with gasoline increases the concentration of active hydroxyl radicals, accelerates the combustion process, and raises the peak heat release rate and cylinder pressure. Furthermore, it decreases ignition delay, shortens combustion duration, advances autoignition time, and enhances knock resistance due to the high knock resistance and octane number of hydrogen.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mathanraj Vijayaragavan, Balaji Subramanian, S. Sudhakar, L. Natrayan
Summary: This study investigates the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine operating on dual fuel mode with simarouba oil, hydrogen, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The results show that the introduction of hydrogen and EGR can improve the engine efficiency and reduce emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Xiumin Yu, Ping Sun, Ming Li, Weibo Shi, Zezhou Guo, Tianqi Wang
Summary: This study innovatively built an HHO supply system on the basis of the butanol/gasoline compound injection system to solve the combustion deterioration caused by the high latent heat of butanol vaporization. The results showed that HHO can effectively offset the negative impact of butanol and improve the engine's tolerance to butanol direct injection ratio (BDIr). In addition, butanol can improve the surge of NO emission caused by HHO.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dhinesh Balasubramanian, Anh Tuan Hoang, Inbanaathan Papla Venugopal, Arunprasad Shanmugam, Jianbing Gao, Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian
Summary: With the increasing global concern on diesel engine exhaust emissions, biofuels serve as a better alternative for compression ignition engines, but may lead to increased nitrogen oxide emissions which are harmful to human health. Research found that B20 blend fuel is the most effective in reducing emissions, particularly with a maximum reduction of unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, smoke, and carbon dioxide emissions. Increasing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates can effectively reduce NOx emissions but may result in higher emissions of other pollutants.
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. Rami Reddy, G. Murali, Areef Ahamad Shaik, V. Dhana Raju, M. B. S. Sreekara Reddy
Summary: The experimentation shows that using advanced fuel injection timing can significantly improve the efficiency of a diesel engine and reduce emissions, especially under full load conditions. Additionally, the addition of moderate Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) can significantly reduce NOX emissions without compromising engine performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ravi Kathirvel, Vijayabalan Palanimuthu, Hariram Venkatesan, Suja Thangaraj
Summary: In this study, the mixed fuel of Neem-oil methyl ester (NME) and diesel was used in a diesel engine, and the engine performance and emissions were improved by introducing oxy-hydrogen gas and exhaust gas recirculation. However, the NOx emissions increased.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Haoye Liu, Rafiu Olalere, Chongming Wang, Xiao Ma, Hongming Xu
Summary: 2-Methylfuran (MF) is considered a promising second-generation biofuel for spark ignition engines due to its better anti-knock ability and close lower heating value to conventional fuels. The study investigates the effects of engine control parameters on MF combustion at typical DISI engine operating conditions, showing that MF has a wider achievable spark timing range and more robustness to lean burn compared to gasoline and ethanol at high load. The combustion characteristics and heat release of MF are less sensitive to injection timings variations, but longer injection durations are required compared to gasoline to achieve the same engine load.
Article
Thermodynamics
S. V. Karthic, M. Senthil Kumar
Summary: This research work adopted various strategies to reduce emissions from diesel engines, such as online injection timing/pressure variation, split injection, and nano-emulsion, successfully achieving emission levels close to or equal to Euro VI standards.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiumin Yu, Decheng Li, Ping Sun, Guanting Li, Song Yang, Chuanzhao Yao
Summary: This paper investigates the energy and exergy balance of a SI engine working under two different modes under lean-burn conditions. Results show that the cooling water takes an average of 39.40% of the fuel energy in GPI + GDI mode, and 40.70% in GPI + HDI mode. The exergy destruction occupies 56.12% of the fuel exergy in GPI + GDI mode and 54.89% in GPI + HDI mode. Brake thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of the engine can be improved by 0.29% and 0.31% in GPI + GDI mode, and 0.56% and 0.71% in GPI + HDI mode at an excess air ratio of 1.1.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chris A. Van Roekel, David T. Montgomery, Jaswinder Singh, Daniel B. Olsen
Summary: This study investigates the effects of implementing a dedicated exhaust gas recirculation system on an industrial natural gas engine, showing reductions in NO(x) and CO emissions, as well as improvements in exhaust temperatures, but also potentially resulting in significant differences in combustion between cylinders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zezhou Guo, Xiumin Yu, Tao Sang, Zhao Chen, Shike Cui, Mingjia Xu, Longlong Yu
Summary: This study investigated the performance of using ABE direct injection as an alternative to bio-butanol in an SI engine. Results showed that, under specific ABEDIr and lambda, it can effectively improve IMEP, reduce HC and NOx emissions, and decrease particle numbers.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiumin Yu, Decheng Li, Ping Sun, Guanting Li, Song Yang, Chuanzhao Yao
Summary: This paper investigates the energy and exergy balance of a SI engine working under two different modes under lean-burn conditions. Results show that the cooling water takes an average of 39.40% of the fuel energy in GPI + GDI mode, and 40.70% in GPI + HDI mode. The exergy destruction occupies 56.12% of the fuel exergy in GPI + GDI mode and 54.89% in GPI + HDI mode. Brake thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of the engine can be improved by 0.29% and 0.31% in GPI + GDI mode, and 0.56% and 0.71% in GPI + HDI mode at an excess air ratio of 1.1.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Decheng Li, Xiumin Yu, Yaodong Du, Mingjia Xu, Yinan Li, Zhen Shang, Zhe Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different water ratios in hydrous ethanol on combustion and emissions of hydrous ethanol-gasoline. The results showed that hydrous ethanol prolongs flame development and propagation duration, decreases Tmax and Pmax, and improves torque and brake thermal efficiency. Increasing water content in gasoline/hydrous ethanol dual fuel also leads to higher HC emissions but lower CO and NOx emissions, as well as smaller particle size.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhe Zhao, Xiumin Yu, Yan Huang, Weibo Shi, Zezhou Guo, Zhe Li, Yaodong Du, Zhaohui Jin, Decheng Li, Tianqi Wang, Yinan Li
Summary: This study shows that the cooperation of EGR and EDI can improve the performance of spark ignition engines and reduce emissions. Under lean burn conditions, specific ratios of EGR and EDI can significantly improve the combustion and emission characteristics of the engine. Ethanol has a higher oxygen content and faster laminar flame speed, while EGR can reduce pumping and throttling losses and enhance the positive effects of ethanol on combustion and emissions.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Xiumin Yu, Zezhou Guo, Longlong Yu, Shuxuan Meng, Decheng Li
Summary: This study aims to improve the performance of pure ethanol spark ignition (SI) engines through dual-injection mode with ethanol port injection plus compressed natural gas direct injection (EPI + CDI). The results show that the cooperation of 5%CDIr + 95%EPI + 150.CA BTDC DIT can form an effective stratified mixture in the cylinder, providing stable and promising performance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ping Sun, Jincheng Feng, Song Yang, Chao Wang, Kexin Cui, Wei Dong, Yaodong Du, Xiumin Yu, Jiangdong Zhou
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the particulate number and size distribution in a combined injection spark ignition DME/gasoline engine. The results demonstrate that the addition of DME can effectively reduce particulate numbers, with most particles in the nucleation mode, influenced by ignition timing and DME ratios. Furthermore, operating conditions and DME ratios also affect the accumulation of particles.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zezhou Guo, Xiumin Yu, Yaodong Du, Tianqi Wang
Summary: With the increasing regulatory requirements for vehicles powered by internal combustion engines, improving engine thermal efficiency and reducing harmful emissions has become urgent. Alcohols, known for their renewability and cleaner emissions, have attracted wide attention. Among them, bio-butanol, which is most similar to gasoline, has been widely studied in spark ignition (SI) engines. However, the high energy consumption during the separation and purification process in the fermentation of bio-butanol results in its high price. ABE and IBE, as intermediates for the preparation of butanol through different fermentation methods, can be directly used in SI engines, significantly reducing the cost. Combined injection is the most suitable injection approach for dual-fuel engines, as it allows flexible control of the dual-fuel injection ratio and parameters. Therefore, this study experimentally compared the combustion and emissions of gasoline/ABE, gasoline/IBE, and gasoline/butanol using gasoline port injection plus alcohol direct injection mode. The results show that gasoline/IBE performs better in terms of power performance and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) compared to gasoline/ABE and gasoline/butanol. Moreover, when the direct injection ratio (DIr) is low, the gaseous emissions of gasoline/ABE are superior, while emissions of gasoline/butanol are superior at high DIr. In addition, the particle number (PN) of gasoline/ABE is the lowest among the three modes, and the particles exhibit a unimodal distribution. Overall, as direct injection fuel in dual-fuel combined injection engines, ABE and IBE have more advantages than butanol in terms of combustion and emissions performance as well as cost.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiumin Yu, Zhipeng Hu, Zezhou Guo, Decheng Li, Tianqi Wang, Yinan Li, Jufang Zhang, Tianyang Gong, Yanwei Li
Summary: Ethanol, a carbon-neutral fuel, is widely used in engines. Combining hydrous ethanol with hydrogen can reduce costs and improve combustion performance, especially under lean-burn conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiumin Yu, Yinan Li, Dongjie Liu, Zezhou Guo, Jiahua Zhang, Qi Zhu
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of hydrogen direct injection strategies on the combustion and emission characteristics of n-butanol/hydrogen dual-fuel engines and finds the superior split hydrogen direct injection strategy that can balance dynamics and emission characteristics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Xiumin Yu, Zezhou Guo, Ming Li, Tianqi Wang
Summary: This study found through experimental research that adding HHO and EGR can effectively improve the combustion and emission characteristics of gasoline engines, especially under lean-burn conditions. Meanwhile, the optimal combination is an HHO flux of 16L/min and an EGR rate of 6% to 12%.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Xiumin Yu, Ming Li, Zhihong Zhang, Zezhou Guo, Tianqi Wang, Decheng Li
Summary: This study compares the performance of two combination modes (GPI + HHO and GDI + HHO) at different HHO flow rates and reveals that the addition of HHO improves the maximum cylinder pressure, torque, combustion stability, and emission characteristics of the engine. The GDI + HHO mode shows better engine performance and lower emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Di Liu, Hong Chen, Yao Sun, Yunfeng Hu
Summary: Platoon formation has the potential to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. However, existing methods cannot guarantee the overall optimal fuel consumption and emissions of a platoon. This study proposes a new optimization control method for diesel commercial vehicle platoon formation that solves the integrated optimization problem of transient fuel consumption and NOx emissions for the entire platoon.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART I-JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinghua Zhao, Yutong Zhang, Haonan Wang, Yao Sun, Yunfeng Hu, Jianhua Yu, Fangxi Xie
Summary: In this study, an ammonia cross-sensitivity model and a control-oriented three-states model of SCR system are established to effectively estimate the deterioration trend of NOx and NH3 emissions. The proposed EKF observer demonstrates good performance in estimating the critical states and is robust to disturbances from operating conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yao Sun, Yunfeng Hu, Hui Zhang, Hong Chen, Fei-Yue Wang
Summary: This letter presents the latest research findings from IEEE TIV's Decentralized and Hybrid Workshops (DHW) on Ethics, Responsibility, and Sustainability (ERS). The research focuses on a novel emission regulatory framework for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and smart cities (SCs) in ERS. The framework proposes a parallel transportation level and a parallel vehicle level to achieve accurate estimation and emission-aware optimal planning. The letter also highlights the importance of considering modern aftertreatment systems (ATS) as a core module in the emission model.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT VEHICLES
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jinghua Zhao, Jie Liu, Hongyu Sun, Yunfeng Hu, Yao Sun, Fangxi Xie
Summary: SCR systems are complex distributed systems with strong time-varying characteristics, making it challenging to establish an accurate model. The control task of achieving high NOx conversion efficiency and low NH3 slip is a multi-objective and multi-constraint problem suitable for model predictive control (MPC). This study proposes a novel data-driven identification method and a corresponding MPC method for SCR systems, improving emissions under both identification and non-identification conditions and enhancing real-time performance, generality, and robustness. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed predictive controller in improving emissions while saving computation time.
