Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaodi Xie, Chao Peng, Xinyu Song, Nana Peng, Chao Gai
Summary: This study investigates a strategy combining microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization (MHTC) pretreatment with subsequent pyrolysis for the treatment of food waste digestate (FWD). The MHTC pretreatment effectively converts FWD to hydrothermal carbons (HCs) and improves their fuel properties. Thermal decomposition experiments reveal that the pyrolysis behavior of FWD-derived HCs is similar to that of platform biomass. Kinetic analysis determines the activation energy and reaction mechanism for the pyrolysis of FWD and HCs.
Article
Thermodynamics
Liangchen Yue, Jun Cheng, Suqin Tang, Xiaoxia An, Junjie Hua, Haiquan Dong, Junhu Zhou
Summary: Pretreating lipid waste with ultrasound showed higher soluble COD and methane production, as well as higher energy conversion efficiency compared to microwave heating. Analysis revealed that ultrasound pretreatment could reduce residual lipids and alleviate microorganism coating.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mariana Vieira Turnell Suruagy, Andrew Barry Ross, Akintunde Babatunde
Summary: Food waste is a suitable material for anaerobic digestion, but its methane yield is often compromised. Pre-treatments like microwave irradiation can improve the solubilization of food waste components, making them more accessible to microorganisms and reducing the digestion process duration.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Serena Simonetti, Claudia Fernandez Martin, Davide Dionisi
Summary: This study investigated the effect of microwave pre-treatment on the anaerobic fermentation of model food waste to produce organic acids and ethanol. Microwave treatment significantly reduced the pH and volatile suspended solids, and increased the soluble chemical oxygen demand and soluble carbohydrates. The fermentation batch tests showed higher product yield for the microwave pre-treated substrate.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
F. Granzotto, C. Aita, D. D. Silveira, F. D. Mayer, S. B. Pujol, J. A. Pinas, R. Hoffmann
Summary: Anaerobic digestion proved to be an efficient method for treating organic wastes from university restaurants, achieving high removal rates of pollutants and producing biogas and digestate for potential use as organic fertilizer.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Santhana Raj Deena, A. S. Vickram, S. Manikandan, R. Subbaiya, N. Karmegam, Balasubramani Ravindran, Soon Woong Chang, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
Summary: Biogas generation through anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and activated sludge is an excellent solution to address global challenges and meet increasing energy demands, while also providing a cleaner alternative for pollution and wastewater treatment. However, the efficiency and stability of this technology are hindered by irregularities in the substrate. Adjusting process parameters, optimizing substrate composition, and adding biochar as an additive can enhance the efficiency and outcome of the system.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kai Zhao, Shunan Zhao, Ge Song, Chaojie Lu, Ruiping Liu, Chengzhi Hu, Jiuhui Qu
Summary: Long-term pilot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ultrasonication pretreatment on anaerobic digestion performance. The study found that ultrasonication increased biogas production and improved energy efficiency. However, it was not effective in inactivating pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes, limiting its ability to control these harmful components in the digestion process.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yogesh Kumar, Samandeep Kaur, Ankan Kheto, Mohona Munshi, Ayan Sarkar, Hari Om Pandey, Ayon Tarafdar, Raveendran Sindhu, Ranjna Sirohi
Summary: Microalgae are photosynthetic microbes that can produce therapeutic compounds for various industries. Recent research has focused on finding economical substrates for their cultivation, with food waste being a popular choice. However, there are challenges such as pretreatment, dilution, and mixing of waste streams. This review discusses the advances and challenges in cultivating microalgae on food waste.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Dibyajyoti Haldar, Asma Musfira Shabbirahmed, Reeta Rani Singhania, Chiu-Wen Chen, Cheng-Di Dong, Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy, Anil Kumar Patel
Summary: Increased urbanization and industrialization have led to higher energy demand, increased waste output, and negative environmental impacts. This highlights the need for effective solid-waste-management policies, particularly for food waste. The global generation of food waste is estimated at 1.6 gigatons per year, with an economic value of 750 billion USD. However, the diverse composition and varying moisture content of food waste pose challenges in transforming it into value-added products. This review comprehensively discusses the socio-economic challenges and environmental concerns associated with solid waste management, and critically reviews engineering aspects for efficient food waste management.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Liang Chen, Ziwei He, Luxin Yang, Lin Wang, Yangyang Li, Ting Chen, Huan Li
Summary: This study compares four common methods for treating food waste: incineration, anaerobic digestion, composting, and feed processing. The results show that anaerobic digestion is the best treatment option for minimizing carbon emissions, while composting has the highest carbon emissions. In terms of economic performance, feed processing is the best choice, while incineration results in high expenditure.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Debnath Ovi, Soon Woong Chang, Jonathan W. C. Wong, Davidraj Johnravindar, Sunita Varjani, jae Hoon Jeung, Woo jin Chung, Anand Thirupathi, Balasubramani Ravindran
Summary: This study found that the addition of an appropriate amount of rice husk biochar (RHB550) can improve the anaerobic digestion process of food waste and increase methane production. However, excessive amounts of biochar can inhibit the digestion process. Adding RHB550 biochar can enhance the stability and methane yield. Increasing its concentration can further improve the organic loading rate in anaerobic digestion.
Article
Thermodynamics
Kavosh Karami, Keikhosro Karimi, Safoora Mirmohamadsadeghi, Rajeev Kumar
Summary: This study investigated the effects of biological pretreatment on biogas production from lignocellulosic biomass and studied the combination effect with other pretreatment methods. The results showed that aerobic digestion was the only pretreatment method that could individually improve methane yield from pinewood, but combining aerobic digestion with mild thermochemical pretreatment could achieve even higher methane yield.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sergi Vinardell, Sergi Astals, Konrad Koch, Joan Mata-Alvarez, Joan Dosta
Summary: The study evaluated the economic implications of co-digesting sewage sludge and food waste in anaerobic membrane bioreactors. It found that higher electricity revenue from co-digesting food waste could offset additional costs, but not when treating nutrients backload in sidestream digesters. Biosolids disposal was identified as the most significant cost in all scenarios, and sensitivity analysis showed that food waste gate fee influenced co-digestion economic feasibility.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bikash R. Tiwari, Satinder Kaur Brar, Rao Y. Surampalli
Summary: Thermophilic anaerobic digestion is a viable strategy to reduce municipal sludge volume and generate renewable energy. In this study, ultrasonication was found to be the best pretreatment method to enhance the digestion process.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ebba Perman, Anna Schnurer, Annika Bjorn, Jan Moestedt
Summary: Optimization of the biogas generation process is crucial for improving degradation and methane yield. In this study, serial digester systems were found to increase methane yield and protein degradation, while reducing the inhibitory effect of high ammonia levels on methane production.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kevin Joseph Sam, Maya Suresh Nair, Sivasubramanian Velmurugan, Ravikumar Rajarathinam, Loganathan Arumugam
Summary: This study explores the extraction of lutein and zeaxanthin from spirulina using traditional protocols as references and response surface methodology for optimization. The results demonstrate that using methanol as the extracting solvent, combined with saponification and hydrolysis for ester isolation, can yield higher lutein concentration.
INDIAN CHEMICAL ENGINEER
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rungkan Klahan, Bundit Yuangsoi, Niwooti Whangchai, Rameshprabu Ramaraj, Yuwalee Unpaprom, Kuan Shiong Khoo, Balakrishnan Deepanraj, Tipsukhon Pimpimol
Summary: The study aimed to reduce production cost and increase tilapia yield through a feeding regime. The trial involved four treatments with three replications, using different feeding frequencies for male Nile tilapia. The results showed that fish fed twice per day every other week had the highest growth performance, lowest production cost, and highest benefit-cost ratio.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jun Wei Roy Chong, Kuan Shiong Khoo, Kit Wayne Chew, Dai-Viet N. Vo, Deepanraj Balakrishnan, Fawzi Banat, Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh, Koji Iwamoto, Pau Loke Show
Summary: The aim of this study is to incorporate rapid, high-accuracy, reliable, low-cost, simple, and state-of-the-art identification methods for microalgae species identification. Recently, deep learning (DL) has significantly improved the efficiency and accuracy of microalgae identification. This review paper discusses the significance of microalgae identification and the use of machine learning algorithms, image preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction for classification accuracy.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nayeemuddin Mohammed, Puganeshwary Palaniandy, Feroz Shaik, Hiren Mewada, Deepanraj Balakrishnan
Summary: In this study, the degradation of pollutants under natural sunlight using TiO2 as a photocatalyst was investigated in a batch reactor. The effects of photocatalyst dosage, reaction time, and pH on the removal of pollutants were evaluated. Design Expert-Response Surface Methodology Box Behnken Design (RSM-BBD) and MATLAB Artificial Neural Network - Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANN-ANFIS) methods were used for statistical modeling. Both models showed good prediction compared to experimental values, with R2 values of 0.920 for RSM-BBD and 0.990 for ANN-ANFIS.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Imania Ghaffar, Ali Hussain, Ali Hasan, Balakrishnan Deepanraj
Summary: The recent surge in industrialization has led to the accumulation of different types of pollutants in the environment due to illegal dumping of wastewater. Microalgae bioremediation has emerged as an eco-friendly technique to degrade organic compounds and convert them into non-toxic substances without producing secondary pollutants. Modification techniques such as immobilization and pigment-extraction have enhanced the bioremediation potential of microalgae. However, further research is needed to study the structural and functional responses of microalgae towards pollutant by-products, engineering microalgae to tolerate higher pollutant concentrations, reducing harvesting costs, and monitoring parameters at a large scale.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shrasti Vasistha, Deepanraj Balakrishnan, Arthi Manivannan, Monika Prakash Rai
Summary: The study proposed an advanced microalgae-based process for treating sugarcane spent wash, recovering biomass for biodiesel production, and utilizing algal residue as a step towards waste management. The microalgae Coelastrella sp KJ-04 grown in spent wash showed high biomass and lipid production. The extracted lipids were converted to biodiesel and the de-oiled biomass was used to synthesize cellulose nanofibers, supporting a waste-free technology.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ozan Eskikaya, Zelal Isik, Ceren Arslantas, Erdal Yabalak, Deepanraj Balakrishnan, Nadir Dizge, Koppula Srinivas Rao
Summary: The use of synthetic dyes in the textile industry contributes to water pollution. Untreated wastewater from textile companies poses serious environmental and human health issues. This study aimed to remove anionic and cationic dyes using hydrochars obtained from laurel leaves and watermelon peels through Fenton-like and adsorption processes. The experimental results showed high removal efficiency for both dyes using the Fenton-like process with optimal conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ramesh Vinayagam, Melisha Quadras, Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan, Devangshi Debraj, Louella Concepta Goveas, Adithya Samanth, Deepanraj Balakrishnan, Raja Selvaraj
Summary: This study focuses on the production of activated carbon from rubber fig leaves and its composite with iron oxide nanoparticles (RFAC@Fe2O3), as well as its ability to adsorb tetracycline. The physical and functional properties of RFAC@Fe2O3 nanocomposite were analyzed. The nanocomposite exhibited a high surface area, pore size, and mesoporous nature, making it suitable for adsorbing pollutants. The adsorption of tetracycline by RFAC@Fe2O3 was optimal at pH 4.0, and increased with higher nanocomposite dosage and stirring speed. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order model.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zelal Isik, Raouf Bouchareb, Hudaverdi Arslan, Sadin Ozdemir, Serpil Gonca, Nadir Dizge, Deepanraj Balakrishnan, Sista Venkata Surya Prasad
Summary: In this research, nanoparticles derived from water extract of Centaurea solstitialis leaves were used as green adsorbent in Fenton reaction for dyes removal. The nanoparticles showed high performance in removing Reactive Red 180 and Basic Red 18 dyes. Characterization analysis confirmed the morphology, composition and behavior of the prepared nanoparticles.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sadin Ozdemir, Abdurrahman Dundar, Nadir Dizge, Ersin Kilinc, Deepanraj Balakrishnan, Kashi Sai Prasad, Natarajan Senthilkumar
Summary: An alternative biotechnological solid phase bio-extraction method using Bacillus subtilis loaded multiwalled carbon nanotube as biosorbent was developed for the preconcentration of Pb(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II). The experimental parameters affecting the method's analytical characteristics were investigated in detail, and the biosorption capacities and LOD values were determined. The developed method showed good performance in the concentration determination of Pb(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) in various real food samples.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pinar Belibagli, Zelal Isik, Nadir Dizge, Mehmet Ali Mazmanci, Deepanraj Balakrishnan, Feroz Shaik, Nirmith Kumar Mishra
Summary: This study investigated the use of waste sludge and food waste for bio-acidification processes to achieve sustainable phosphate release and biogas production. Response surface methodology was used for optimization, achieving pH 5.30 and 371 mg/L P release for 10 days at 10% food waste and 45 degrees C. A cumulative biogas production of 196 mL was also achieved. This approach offers benefits such as reduced operating costs, elimination of external chemical additions for pH control, waste management, resource recovery, cost reduction, and environmental friendliness.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Safiya Al Ajmi, Murtuza Ali Syed, Feroz Shaik, Mohammed Nayeemuddin, Deepanraj Balakrishnan, Venkata Ratnam Myneni
Summary: This study aims to treat industrial saline wastewater from the oil and gas industry by using a combination of synthesized biopolymer chitosan and graphene. The combination of chitosan and graphene effectively removed pollutants from oil produced water (OPW). The maximum percentage removal efficiencies were obtained for a mixture of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) and 5 wt% graphenes.
JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Prasenjit Mondal, Abhishek Nandan, Sarath Ajithkumar, Nihal Anwar Siddiqui, Sivashankar Raja, Anand Kishore Kola, Deepanraj Balakrishnan
Summary: Existing water and wastewater treatment techniques are facing challenges due to new toxins, population growth, and limited water resources. The use of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment offers potential for removing heavy metals, pesticides, and contaminants. Nanomaterials show superior physiochemical and biological capabilities compared to bulk counterparts. This cost-effective treatment strategy has the ability to overcome current limitations and mitigate environmental consequences.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Prabhakar Sharma, Avdhesh Kr. Sharma, Deepanraj Balakrishnan, Arthi Manivannan, Wen Yi Chia, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi, Pau Loke Show
Summary: This study aimed to improve the emission and combustion parameters of a dual-fuel combustion engine by using biodiesel/diesel and producer gas as fuels, which resulted in reduced exhaust emissions and minimized environmental impact. The experimental data and Artificial Neural Network prediction model confirmed the effectiveness of this hybrid fuel system.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mayilsamy Yuvaperiyasamy, Natarajan Senthilkumar, Balakrishnan Deepanraj
Summary: The experimental investigation explored the impact of water depth, inlet water temperature, and the addition of circular fins on freshwater output in a solar still. The findings revealed that water depth greatly influences freshwater flow, fins can increase productivity, and higher inlet water temperature leads to a significant increase in water output.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT-IJRED
(2023)
